The Ministry of Justice of the German Democratic Republic (German: Justizministerium der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik) was established in 1949 in East Germany and dissolved in 1990. Its duties were subsequently taken up by the federal Ministry of Justice of the united Germany, and the justice ministries of the six new federal states. The Ministry was housed at 93 Dorothea Street (Dorotheenstraße 93), the former offices of the Weimar and Nazi Interior Ministry. It published the journal Neue Justiz.
History
After the Second World War and the collapse of Nazism in May 1945, Germany was divided into four zones of occupation, with the area that would become East Germany occupied by the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany, (German: Sowjetische Militäradministration in Deutschland (SMA)). On 17 July 1945, the SMAD issued Order No. 17, which established a judicial system in the Soviet occupation zone. The German Central Administration for Justice (German: Deutsche Zentralverwaltung für Justiz (DJV)) was subsequently founded in November 1945, with the SMAD appointing Eugen Schiffer as their first DJV president, though he was dismissed and replaced in 1948 with Max Fechner. In 1949, with the founding of the German Democratic Republic as a nominally independent state, the DJV was transformed into the Ministry of Justice.
Max Fechner was appointed the first Minister of Justice. By this time, the judiciary had already been brought into line with communist policy. Though mentioned in the Constitution of East Germany, there was no guarantee of judicial independence. The use of Volksrichter (English People's Judges) also helped to bring the courts closer to the SED. In 1953, the Länder of the Eastern Zone were abolished, and their Justice Ministries became part of the central ministry. After speaking critically of the prosecution of strikers in the protests of June 1953 in an interview with Neues Deutschland, Fechner was removed from office, denounced as an "enemy of the state and the party" and spent three years in prison and Stasi internment. He was replaced by Hilde Benjamin, who had presided over the show trials of the 1950s.
In 1963, the power of the ministry was weakened by a decree which transferred responsibility for control of the courts to the Supreme Court of East Germany, which reported directly to the State Council.
After the fall of the Berlin wall, the Ministry of Justice oversaw the transfer of its powers back to the states and the drafting of the Unification treaty under the supervision of Kurt Wünsche.
List of Justice Ministers (1949–1990)
| Name | In office | Council of Ministers (Cabinet) | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Fechner | 11 October 1949 – 15 July 1953 | Provisional government 1950-1954 | SED |
| Hilde Benjamin | 15 July 1953 – 14 July 1967 | 1954-1958 1958–1963 1963–1967 | SED |
| Kurt Wünsche | 14 July 1967 – 16 October 1972 | 1967–1971 1971–1976 | LDPD |
| Hans-Joachim Heusinger | 16 October 1972 – 12 January 1990 | 1971–1976 1976–1981 1981–1986 1986–1989 Modrow | LDPD |
| Kurt Wünsche | 12 January 1990 – 16 August 1990 | Modrow de Maizière | LDPD → BFD → non-partisan |
| Manfred Walther | 16 August 1990 – 2 October 1990 | de Maizière | non-partisan |