Jordanian Armed Forces
الْقُوَّاتُ الْمُسَلَّحَةُ الأرْدُنِية
Emblem of the Jordanian Armed Forces
Founded	22 October 1920
Current form	1 March 1956
Service branches	Royal Jordanian Army  Royal Jordanian Navy  Royal Jordanian Air Force
Headquarters	Amman
Leadership
Commander-in-chief	Field Marshal King Abdullah II
Minister of Defence	Bisher Al-Khasawneh
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff	Major General Yousef Huneiti
Personnel
Military age	18–49 years old
Active personnel	100,500[1]
Reserve personnel	65,000[1]
Expenditures
Budget	$2.6 billion
Percent of GDP	6.5%
Industry
Domestic suppliers	Jordan Design and Development Bureau
Foreign suppliers	Australia  Brazil  Canada  China  Czech Republic  France  Germany  India  Italy  Japan  South Korea  Netherlands  Poland  Russia  South Africa  Sweden  Taiwan  Turkey  Ukraine  United Kingdom  United States
Related articles
History	World War II (1940–45) Arab–Israeli War Retribution operations (1950s) Six-Day War War of Attrition (1967–70) Battle of Karameh (1968) Black September Yom Kippur War Yemeni Civil War (1994) 1999 East Timorese crisis First Libyan Civil War International military intervention against ISIL (2014–present) Saudi-led intervention in Yemen (2015)
Ranks	Jordanian military ranks

The Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) (Arabic: الْقُوَّاتُ الْمُسَلَّحَةُ الأرْدُنِية, romanized: Al-Quwwat Al-Musallaha Al-Urduniyya), also referred to as the Arab Army (Arabic: الْجَيْشُ الْعَرَبيُّ, Al-Jaysh Al-Arabi), are the military forces of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. They consist of the ground forces, air force, and navy. They are under the direct control of the King of Jordan who is the Supreme Commander of the Jordanian Armed Forces. The current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is Major General Yousef Huneiti, who is also the King's military adviser.^[2]

The first organized army in Jordan was established on 22 October 1920, and was named the "Mobile Force". At the time it only had 150 men in its ranks. On its third anniversary in 1923, the force was renamed the Arab Legion, consisting of 1,000 men. By the time Jordan became an independent state in 1946, the Arab Legion numbered some 8,000 soldiers in 3 mechanized regiments. In 1956, King Hussein dismissed all British generals and changed the name of the Legion into the "Jordanian Arab Army" in what became known as the Arabization of the Jordanian Army command.

The army fought in several wars and battles, mostly against Israel. In the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the capture of the West Bank by Jordan and the decisive Battles of Latrun, proved that the Arab Legion was the most effective army during the war. Several confrontations followed with Israel, resulting in mixed success; they included the Retribution operations, the Six-Day War, the War of Attrition and Yom Kippur War. Jordan also had to face the PLO and the Syrian Army during the events of Black September. The signing of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in 1994 ended the state of belligerency between the two countries.^[3]

It is today considered to be among the most professional in the region, and is seen as particularly well-trained, organized, and equipped.^[4]

History

Arab Revolt Tribal Cavalry – Tribes of Jordan and Arabia, c. 1918

Arab army during the Arab revolt of 1916 against the Ottoman Empire formed the nucleus of the Arab Legion.

Commander of the Arab Legion, Glubb Pasha in uniform. Amman, September 11, 1940.

The first organized army in Jordan was established on 22 October 1920, and was named the "Mobile Force", at the time it was 150 man strong under the command of the British Captain Frederick Peake. On its third anniversary, in October 1923, the now-1,000-man force was renamed the Arab Legion.

In 1939, John Bagot Glubb, better known as Glubb Pasha, became the Legion's commander, and continued in office until the dismissal of British officers in March 1956. On 1 April 1926, the Transjordan Frontier Force was formed, consisting of only 150 men and most of them were stationed along Transjordan's roads.

The Arabization of the Jordanian Army command (Arabic: تعريب قيادة الجيش العربي‎, Ta'reeb Qiyadat Al-Jaysh Al-Arabi) saw the dismissal of senior British officers commanding the Arab Legion by King Hussein and the subsequent renaming of the Legion into the Jordanian Armed Forces on 1 March 1956. Glubb Pasha, the Arab Legion's British commander, was replaced with Major General Radi Annab, who became the first Arab commander of the Arab Legion. Hussein's intentions to Arabize the Army command were to replace British officers with Jordanian officers, assert political independence from Britain, and improve relations with neighboring Arab states that viewed the British with suspicion. An annual celebration is held on 1 March in Jordan to mark the historic event.

Timeline of the history and development of the Jordanian Army and the Arab Legion:

1920–1947	Pre-1948 War	1948 War	Battles – 1956	Kuwait – 1963
Sammu Battle – 1966	Six-Day War – 1967	1967–1973	After 1977	2000–present

Structure and objectives

The army's organisational structure was traditionally based on two armoured divisions and two mechanized divisions. These have been transformed into a lighter, more mobile forces, based largely on a brigade structure and considered better capable of rapid reaction in emergencies. An armoured division has become the core element of a strategic reserve.^[5][6]

The main objectives of the Jordanian Armed Forces are:

1. Protect the Kingdom of Jordan borders from any invasion.
2. Protect the people inside the Kingdom and their rights.
3. Protect the King of Jordan.

Royal Jordanian Army Order of Battle (OrBat) 2020

Special Operations Forces

Main article: Joint Special Operations Command

Royal Jordanian Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft fighter pilots fly over Jordan October 19, 2009

Special Operation Forces at Shaheed Mwaffaq Air Base showing a KADDB manufactured Desert Iris vehicle, November 2010

Founded on April 15, 1963, on the orders of the late King Hussein, its primary roles include reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, search and evacuation, intelligence gathering combat, and the protection of key sites. King Abdullah II Special Forces Group are also charged with carrying out precision strikes against critical enemy targets. The unit is equipped and trained to be able to operate behind enemy lines for long periods without any logistical support, and is considered one of the finest special forces units in the world.^[7][8]

The group is supported by the newly founded Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed (MbZ) Quick Reaction Force (QRF) Brigade which is a brigade-strength forces with high combat readiness, immediate response speed, flexible and highly mobile that are able to operate independently, within Jordanian forces, or with friendly and allied forces to defend Jordanian national security within the borders of the Kingdom of Jordan or Outside in all circumstances at the time and place and in accordance with the orders of the General Command of the Armed Forces.^[9][10][11]

Defense industry

FV107 Scimitar updated by KADDB in display at SOFEX 2006

Jordanian troops in a military parade in Amman, June 2007

Jordan is a recent entrant to the domestic defense industry with the establishment of King Abdullah Design and Development Bureau (now Jordan Design and Development Bureau) in 1999. The defense industrial initiative is intended to jumpstart industrialization across a range of sectors. With the Jordanian defense expenditures at 8.7% of GDP, the Jordanian authorities created the defense industry to utilize defense budget spending power and to assist in economic growth without placing additional demands on the national budget. Jordan also hosts SOFEX, the world's fastest growing and region's only special operations and homeland security exhibition and conference.^[12] Jordan is a regional and international provider of advanced military goods and services.^[13]

A KADDB Industrial Park was opened in September 2009 in Mafraq. It is an integral industrial free zone specialized in defense industries and vehicles and machinery manufacturing. By 2015, the park is expected to provide around 15,000 job opportunities whereas the investment volume is expected to reach JD500 million.^[14]

Peacekeeping

The Jordanian Armed Forces has been a strong supporter and participant of UN peacekeeping missions.^{[15][16][17][18]} Jordan ranks among the highest internationally in taking part in UN peacekeeping missions.^[19] The size of the Jordanian participation in various areas of the United Nations peacekeeping troops and staff, hospital and international observers, is estimated to be 61,611 officers and men, starting in 1989 in Angola through the task of military observers and humanitarian security forces.^[20] After France and the UK, Jordan was the largest contributor of troops to the UN forces in the former Yugoslavia, sending three battalions, or over three thousand troops, from 1993 to 1996.^[21]

At the U.N. Copenhagen summit, Jordan was alone, out of more than 30 developing nations, in unveiling plans to help fight climate change, including upgrading its armed forces by 2020, an area usually overlooked in the global warming debate. The army will seek to upgrade engines and old vehicles and use energy saving technologies.^[22][23]

International assistance

A Jordanian military doctor examines a child in Afghanistan, October 2009.

Hercules C-130H of the Royal Jordanian Air Force taxis for takeoff, July 2006.

A Jordanian M113 armored ambulance is offloaded at King Hussein Airport, September 1987.

In addition to providing domestic and border security for the country, the Jordanian Armed Forces have assumed a prominent regional and international role as a provider of humanitarian assistance and military training. The Jordanian Armed Forces recently cooperated with Jordan Hashemite Charity Organization to send humanitarian aid including rescue equipment, tents, logistical support, medical supplies, and food to Syria and Turkey following the 2023 Turkey-Syria Earthquake.^[24]

Gallery

References

External links

• Jordanian Armed Forces