Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro
Yugoslav Army
Војска Србије и Црне Горе / Vojska Srbije i Crne (2003–2006)
Војска Југославије / Vojska Jugoslavije (1992–2003)
Serbia and Montenegro Armed Forces' seal
FoundedMay 20, 1992 (1992-05-20) (as the Yugoslav Army)
Current formSerbian Armed Forces
Armed Forces of Montenegro
DisbandedJune 5, 2006 (2006-06-05)
Service branches Ground Forces
War Navy
Air Force
HeadquartersBelgrade, Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro
Leadership
President Svetozar Marović (last)
Prime Minister Dragiša Pešić (last)
Minister of Defence Zoran Stanković (last)
Chief of the General Staff Lt. Col. General Ljubiša Jokić (last)
Personnel
Military age19
ConscriptionYes
Active personnel114,000 (1999)
Reserve personnel400,000 (1999)
Related articles
HistoryBosnian War
Kosovo War
Preševo Valley conflict
Albania–Yugoslav border incident
RanksRanks and insignia of Serbia and Montenegro

The Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbo-Croatian: Војска Србије и Црне Горе, Vojska Srbije i Crne Gore, ВСЦГ / VSCG) included ground forces with internal and border troops, naval forces, air and air defense forces, and civil defense. Preceding the VSCG was the Yugoslav Army (1992–2003; Serbo-Croatian: Војска Југославије, BJ / Vojska Jugoslavije, VJ, lit. 'Army [of] Yugoslavia')[1][2] from the remnants of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), the military of SFR Yugoslavia. The state, then named Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, participated in the Yugoslav Wars with limited direct intervention of its own armed forces. Following the end of the Wars and the constitutional reforms of 2003 by which the state was renamed "Serbia and Montenegro", the military accordingly changed its name. The military was heavily involved in combating Albanian separatists during the Kosovo War and Preševo Valley conflict, and also engaged NATO airplanes during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.

Upon the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro with the Montenegrin independence referendum (2006), a fraction of the joint military was given to Montenegro, with the bulk of the force remaining in Serbia. Montenegro inherited the navy as Serbia is landlocked.

Organization

Pre-2003 emblem of the Ground Forces
Pre-2003 emblem of the Air Force

VJ

The Armed Forces of Yugoslavia (VJ) was organized into the following:

Ground Forces

  • 1st Army
    • Novi Sad Corps
    • Belgrade Command
    • Kragujevac Corps
    • Independent units
  • 2nd Army
    • Podgorica Corps
    • Užice Corps
    • Independent units
  • 3rd Army
    • Niš Corps
    • Leskovac Corps
    • Priština Corps
    • Independent units
  • War Command
  • Flotilla
  • 81st
  • 83rd
  • 85th
  • 108th
  • 110th
  • 82nd
  • 69th
  • 367th
  • 9th
  • 10th
  • 27th
  • 61st
  • 223rd
  • 9th

Air Force

VSCG

Ground Forces

Inventory

Official seal of the Yugoslav Forces, prior to its renaming.

Ground Forces

Armoured vehicles
Artillery
Air Defence
Infantry weapons

Air Force

The inventory included MiG-21 (fighter/recon/trainer), MiG-29 (fighter/trainer), Soko J-22 (ground/recon/trainer), Soko G-2 (fighter/bomber/trainer), Soko G-4 (fighter/bomber/target/trainer, Antonov An-2 (cargo), Antonov An-26 (cargo), Yakovlev Yak-40 (VIP), Mil Mi-8 (multirole), Mil Mi-14 (anti-submarine), Kamov Ka-25 (anti-submarine), Kamov Ka-28 (anti-submarine), Aérospatiale Gazelle (attack/utility/recon).

War Navy of the Army of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
War Navy of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
Ратна морнарица Војске Југославије (1992–2003)
Ратна Морнарица Србије и Црне Горе (2003–2006)
Emblem of the Navy from 1992 to 2003
ActiveMay 1992 – June 2006
Country Serbia and Montenegro
Garrison/HQKotor, Montenegro, Serbia and Montenegro
March"Mi smo ratna mornarica!" (English: "We are the War Navy!")[4]
Insignia
Ensign
Jack

The Navy, officially called the War Navy of the Army of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Ратна морнарица Војске Југославије, Ratna mornarica Vojske Jugoslavije, RMVJ) from 1992 to 2003 and the War Navy of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbo-Croatian: Ратна Морнарица Србије и Црне Горе, Ratna Mornarica Srbije i Crne Gore, lit. 'War Navy of Serbia and Montenegro') from 2003 to 2006, was based in Kotor and was largely made of vessels inherited from the pre-1992 Yugoslav War Navy (Serbo-Croatian: Југословенска ратна морнарица, Jugoslovenska ratna mornarica, lit. 'Yugoslav War Navy').[5][6] During NATO's Operation Allied Force in 1999, the Navy took control over civilian shipping around Kotor, despite NATO's blockade[7] and in several actions the navy's warships fired at NATO aircraft that were on their way to strike Yugoslav targets.[8] The Navy claimed to have shot down three UAVs over Boka Kotorska. The images of the remains of one of them were displayed online.[9]

Intelligence

Operational experience

Statistics

The M-84 Main Battle Tank

Civilians fit for military service were estimated at about 4,888,595 (2001 est.). The 2002 estimate for military expenditures as percent of GDP was 4.6%. Significant reforms were undertaken in the military of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2002 the Serbo-Montenegrin Military force numbered around 117,500 soldiers, supported by some 450,000 reserves. The 100,000 strong Army had 1,500 main battle tanks and 687 armed infantry vehicles. The Navy had 3,500 personnel, of whom 900 were marines. The entire Navy was composed totally out of 6 submarines, 3 frigates, 41 patrol & coastal ships and 14 "other" vessels. The Air force 14,000 personnel had 192 combat aircraft and 72 armed helicopters.

Branches

  • Army or Ground Forces (Kopnena vojska – KoV VSCG)
  • Air Force and Air Defense (Ratno Vazduhoplovstvo i Protivvazdušna odbrana – RV i PVO VSCG)
  • Navy (Ratna Mornarica – RM VSCG)

Military manpower – military age: 19 years of age (2003 est.)

Military manpower – availability:
males age 15–49: 3,579,620 (2003 est.)

Military manpower – fit for military service:
males age 15–49: 3,077,660 (2003 est.)

Military manpower – reaching military age annually:
males: 101,547 (2003 est.)

Military expenditures – dollar figure: $954 million (2002)

Military expenditures – percent of GDP: 4.6% (2002. est.)

International deployment

The VJ was in Croatia until October 20, 1992.[10]

The VSCG was part of MONUC, the UN mission in the Congo. The VSCG was also part of UNAMSIL, the UN mission into Sierra Leone.

Last chief of staff of the Military of Serbia and Montenegro was general Ljubiša Jokić.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Biljana Vankovska (2000). "Civil-Military Relations in the Third Yugoslavia" (working paper). Copenhagen Peace Research Institute. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022 – via Columbia University.
  2. ↑ Judah, Tim (2000). The Serbs. p. 325. JNA (now simply called the Yugoslav Army)
  3. ↑ "Arsenal" magazine, 15 October 2007 Archived 26 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in Serbian)
  4. ↑ "Yugoslavian Navy March | Mi smo ratna mornarica! | We are war navy!". YouTube.
  5. ↑ Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993--H.R. 5006 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs Before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session: Seapower and Strategic and Critical Materials Subcommittee Hearings on Seapower : Hearings Held February 5, March 17, 24, April 2, 9, and 30, 1992. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1992. ISBN 9780160392757.
  6. ↑ Hattendorf, John B. (2013-11-05). Naval Strategy and Power in the Mediterranean: Past, Present and Future. ISBN 9781136713163.
  7. ↑ Myers, Steven Lee (1999-05-05). "CRISIS IN THE BALKANS: THE BLOCKADE; Leaders of NATO Reject Proposal by General Clark to Fire on Ships That Defy Oil Embargo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  8. ↑ Husarska, Anna (1999-04-17). "Opinion | Between Milosevic and the West, Montenegro's Balance of Fear". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  9. ↑ "UAV REMAINS IN YUGOSLAVIA". yumodelclub.tripod.com. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  10. ↑ "Last Yugoslav army troops withdrawing from Croatia". UPI.
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