Bodies of protesters Yu. Paraschuk, U. Holodnyuk and R. Varenitsya in Hotel Ukrayina
Memorial to protesters killed in the Maidan massacre in Kyiv

Altogether, 108 civilian protesters and 13 police officers were killed[1] in Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity (or the 'Maidan Revolution'), which was the culmination of the Euromaidan protest movement. The deaths occurred in January and February 2014; most of them on 20 February, when police snipers fired on anti-government activists in Kyiv. The slain activists are known in Ukraine as the Heavenly Hundred or Heavenly Company (Ukrainian: Небесна сотня, Nebesna sotnya). By June 2016, 55 people had been charged in relation to the deaths of protesters, including 29 former members of the Berkut special police force, ten titushky or loyalists of the former government, and ten former government officials.[1]

Nebesna sotnia memorial in Lviv

On 21 February, the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) passed a law to provide assistance to the families of the protesters who were killed.[2] On 21 November 2014 a decree by the new Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko posthumously awarded the title "Hero of Ukraine" to the slain protesters.[3] Three non-Ukrainian citizens killed in the revolution were each posthumously awarded the title "Knight of the Order of the Heaven's Hundred Heroes".[4] Since 2015, the deaths have been commemorated each year in Ukraine on 20 February, which is "the Day of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes".[5][6]

History

"Berkut" special operations policeman on Hrushevskoho Street in Kyiv (19 January)

The first deaths occurred on Unity Day, 22 January, during riots on Hrushevskoho Street in Kyiv, where three activists: Serhiy Nigoyan, Mykhailo Zhyznevskyi and Roman Senyk were shot dead. On the same day, the dead body of activist Yuriy Verbytsky was found on the city outskirts; he had been kidnapped a day before with Ihor Lutsenko, who was released. These were the first victims to die in demonstrations in Ukraine since it gained national independence in 1991. The deaths caused widespread protests. On 23 January, then Prime Minister Mykola Azarov in a BBC interview said that police had not been issued firearms, and said no police officers were located on the rooftops around the protest area. He stated that the shooting of protesters was a provocation by extremist forces aimed at escalating violence.[7] Party of Regions MP Arsen Klinchayev stated during a memorial service in Luhansk for those killed on 22 January by police, "These people were against the government. Nobody has the right to use physical force against police officers. And then they have their sticks, then stones, then something else. The police have the right to defend their lives. So I think it's right that these four people were killed. Moreover, I believe that you need to be stricter."[8]

Five more deaths in connection with Euromaidan occurred between 25 January and 13 February.

The second active phase started February 18. After a brief truce on 19 February, the clashes renewed 20 February. According to the newspaper Ukrainska Pravda, special forces (Berkut) and Interior Troops snipers[9] shot at people on Maidan and/or snipers located in nearby buildings, with the special forces firing AK-47 assault rifles.[10] 20 February was the bloodiest day of the clashes, with at least 21 protesters killed.[11][12] The final death toll from these clashes in late February was 103 protesters and 13 police.[13][14][15] According to Deputy Prosecutor General of Ukraine Oleh Zalisko in February, 67 people were killed in Kyiv's city centre, 184 sustained gunshot wounds and over 750 suffered bodily injury.[16] On 20 February, the (then) opposition parties (Batkivshchyna, UDAR and Svoboda) stated "To hold talks with the regime, the policies of which led to the deaths of many people, is an extremely unpleasant thing but we must do everything possible and even the impossible to prevent further bloodshed".[17]

At least 17 people died from previously received wounds and injuries thereafter.

On 21 February, Maidan participants wished farewell to the perished protesters who they named the Heavenly Hundred.[18] During the event, a mourning Lemko song "A duck floats on the Tysa..." was heard (Ukrainian: «Плине кача по Тисині…»).

On 24 February, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) decided to propose that the next Ukrainian president award the title Hero of Ukraine to protesters killed in the clashes.[19]

Identity of snipers

Following the revolution, the new government's health minister, Oleh Musiy—a doctor who helped oversee medical treatment for casualties during the protests—told the Associated Press that the similarity of bullet wounds suffered by protesters and police suggests the shooters were trying to stoke tensions on both sides and spark greater violence, with the goal of justifying a Russian invasion. "I think it wasn't just a part of the old regime that (plotted the provocation), but it was also the work of Russian special forces who served and maintained the ideology of the (old) regime," he said, citing forensic evidence.[20] Hennadiy Moskal, former deputy head of the Security Service of Ukraine and Ministry of Internal Affairs, suggested that snipers from the Security Service and Militsiya were responsible, who acted on contingency plans dating back to Soviet times: "Snipers received orders to shoot not only protesters, but also police forces. This was all done to escalate the conflict, to justify the police operation to clear Maidan".[21][22]

Russian state media reported a leaked telephone call in which Estonia's foreign minister, Urmas Paet, allegedly accused the opposition of shooting both police and protesters.[23] Paet acknowledged the phone call was authentic, but denied blaming the opposition and said he was merely relaying rumors he had heard from a doctor.[24] A spokesperson for the US state department said the leak was "Russian tradecraft".[25]

The doctor, Olga Bogomolets, said she had not told Paet that policemen and protesters had been killed in the same way, that she did not blame the opposition for the killings, and said the government told her an investigation had begun.[26]

On 12 March 2014, Interior Minister Arsen Avakov said the conflict was provoked by a 'non-Ukrainian' third party, and that an investigation was ongoing.[27]

On 31 March 2014, The Daily Beast published photos and videos which appear to show that the snipers were members of the Ukrainian Security Service's "Alfa" group, who had been trained in Russia.[28]

On 2 April 2014, law enforcement authorities announced they had detained nine suspects in the shootings, among them the leader of the sniper squad. All were officers of the Kyiv City Berkut unit, and verified the Alfa Group's involvement in the shootings. Officials also said they plan further arrests, but have been hindered because the Yanukovych regime destroyed documents and evidence. The Ministry of Internal Affairs confirmed that Yanukovych gave the order to fire on protesters on 20 February.[29][30] Ukraine's interior minister, chief prosecutor and top security chief said more than 30 Russian Federal Security Bureau (FSB) agents were involved in the crackdown on protesters and flew large quantities of explosives into an airport near Kyiv. Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, the interim head of Ukraine's Security Service, said the FSB agents were based at a compound in Kyiv throughout the Maidan protests, were provided with "state telecommunications" and were in regular contact with Yanukovych's security officials. He said that Yanukovych's SBU chief Oleksandr Yakymenko, who had fled the country, held several briefings with the agents. Russia's FSB rejected these "groundless accusations".[31]

In 2015, BBC published a story based on an interview with an unnamed man, who said he fired at riot police from the Kyiv Conservatory (music academy) on the morning of 20 January. The sniper said he was recruited by "a retired military officer". These morning shots are said to have provoked return fire from police snipers that resulted in many deaths. One Maidan leader, Andriy Shevchenko, said police commanders called him to say they were being shot from areas controlled by protesters. Another Maidan leader, Andriy Parubiy, said his team searched the Conservatory but found no snipers. He confirmed that many victims on both sides were shot by snipers, but they were shooting from other, taller buildings surrounding the Conservatory and was convinced they were snipers controlled by Russia.[32]

In 2016, Maidan protester Ivan Bubenchik admitted having fired on the security forces with the intention of killing them from a location near the Conservatory on 20 February 2014.[33][34]

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said in 2020 that "evidence and documents have been lost, while the scene of the crime has been tampered with and 'cleaned up'". He could not say when those who gave the orders would be found, but gave assurances that the matter is being "dealt with faster than several years ago".[35]

Investigation on Euromaidan casualties began in December 2013 following the initial dispersal of student gatherings on the night of 30 November. On 13 December 2013 President Viktor Yanukovych announced that three high-ranking officials would be brought to justice.[36][37] The General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine questioned the chairman of the Kyiv City State Administration Oleksandr Popov on 13 December and Security Council secretary Andriy Klyuev on 16 December.[38] The investigation was announced during the so-called "round table" negotiations initiated by former President Leonid Kravchuk.[39] On 14 December, Popov and another official were temporarily relieved of their duties until conclusion of the investigation.[40]

On 17 December the Prosecutor General questioned activist Ruslana Lyzhychko and announced that aside from Popov and three other individuals were under pretrial investigation.[41] On request of the parliamentary opposition, Prosecutor General Viktor Pshonka read in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) a report on investigation about dispersal of protesters on 30 November.[42] During the report the Prosecutor General acknowledged that members of the public order militsiya "Berkut" "exceeded the use of force" after being provoked by protesters. Pshonka also noted that the investigation had not yet determined who exactly ordered use of force.[43] Following the PG's report, the parliamentary opposition registered a statement on creation of provisional investigation committee in regards to actions of law enforcement agencies towards peaceful protests in Kyiv.[44]

Earlier, a separate investigation was started by the Security Service of Ukraine on 8 December 2013 about actions aimed at seizing state power in Ukraine.[45] In the context of the 1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots, the Prosecutor General informed that calls for the overthrow of the government involved members of radical groups.[46] During the events at Bankova, the militsiya detained 9 people and after a few days the Ministry of Internal Affairs announced that it considered organization Bratstvo (see Dmytro Korchynsky) to be involved in instigation of disorders, while none of those detained were members of that organization.[47][48]

Ukrainian media reported the results of forensic examinations, according to which, the Berkut was implicated in the murders of Maidan protesters after forensic investigations found matches between the bullets extracted from the bodies of victims and the weapons of the Berkut.[49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The experts explained why no match between the bullets and the weapons, which had been assigned to the Berkut special force, had been found as a result of the examination of the bullets held in January 2015, whereas the examination carried out in December of the same year had showed such a match.[55][56]

Identified deaths

Nationality Name Details Date of death Cause of death/Reference
UkraineYuriy VerbytskyiukSeismologist from the Geophysical Institute in Lviv.[57] Member of Lviv's climber society. After his death, the society proposed to name one of the Caucasian mountains after Verbytskyi—the idea was supported by the Georgian climber society, which is currently looking for an unnamed peak.[58]21 or 22 JanuaryVerbytskyi was kidnapped from the Oleksandivsky Hospital together with Ihor Lutsenko on 21 January.[59] His body was found on 22 January close to the village of Gnidyn in Boryspil Raion, with signs of torture.[60] However, the official cause of death was hypothermia.[61]
UkrainePavlo MazurenkoukParticipated in Euromaidan[62]21 December 2013According to his wife, as reported by Ukrayinska Pravda, Pavlo Mazurenko (41 years old) was beaten up on 18 December 2013 by three law enforcement agents in Borshchahivka (Mykilska).[63] According to police, he died as a result of a fight with employees of a private security company who were guarding the Colibris store in Kyiv. Police claimed that Maruenko's wife stated he was not involved in protests.[64] Ukrainian UNIAN News Agency interviewed his wife days after, and she commented her husband was beaten by "three men in black uniform and batons [...] more resembling interior ministry servicemen, or a private security company staff". She claimed that the three ran away after beating him.[65] On 21 December, he visited a doctor who sent him to a hospital where he was diagnosed with a concussion.[63] The day he was hospitalized doctors found fractures to his skull.[63] On 22 December, Mazurenko died and his body was sent for forensic examination, after which he was diagnosed with two-way contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (lung plaque seen in bovine animals).[63]
UkraineSerhiy NigoyanBorn in the village of Bereznuvativka in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.[66] The Nigoyan family moved from Armenia to Ukraine as refugees of the first Nagorno-Karabakh War.[67] Nigoyan came to Euromaidan on 8 December and was mostly involved in security.[66]22 JanuaryHe died on 22 January during clashes on Hrushevskyi street. He suffered multiple gunshot wounds during a Berkut attack on the barricades.[66][68][69] On November 18, 2015, according to the head of the Special Investigations Unit, Nigoyan was killed at a distance of not less than three meters, while the security team of the protesters was at a distance of about 30 meters.
BelarusMykhailo ZhyznevskyiZhyznevskyi left Belarus for political reasons. In Ukraine, he lived in Kyiv and later Bila Tserkva.[70] Was a member of the Ukrainian nationalist group, the UNSO. At Euromaidan, Zhyznevskyi was involved in security.[70]22 JanuaryHe died on 22 January during Berkut's action on barricades on Hrushevsky street. He was shot in the chest by a sniper.[68][69] His funeral was attended by Euromaidan and opposition leaders; he was buried with the Ukrainian UNA-UNSO and Belarusian flags.[71]
UkraineRoman SenykSenyk was born in Lviv Oblast and lived in Turka.25 JanuaryDuring a Berkut action on barricades on Hrushevskoho Street, a grenade tore his hand and left multiple wounds in his lower chest and lungs.[72] Hit with a metal bullet in the lung, he underwent several operations and had to have his arm amputated.[73] After losing more than 3.5 litres of blood, he died in hospital after multiple surgeries.[74]
UkraineBohdan Kalyniak52 years old from Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast28 JanuaryHe died at a hospital in Ivano-Frankivsk on 28 January. Kolomyia Mayor Igor Sluzar said the man had come down with pneumonia during the clashes on Hrushevskoho Street where police used water cannons on protesters despite sub-zero temperatures.[73]
UkraineSerhiy SynenkoAutoMaidan activist. Zaporizhia.13 FebruaryIn Zaporizhia, the gas tank of his car was shot at, causing it to explode and the car to engulf him in flames. Police stated the murder may have been motivated by his participation in Automaidan.[75]
UkraineSerhiy BondarevSoftware engineer from GlobalLogic, Kyiv. Originally from Kramatorsk, Donetsk region18 February4 Gunshot wounds[76]
UkraineValeriy BrezdenyukPainter, known for "paintings on the water". From Zhmerynka, Vinnytska Oblast.,[77][78] 50 year old.18 FebruaryKilled during clashes by a gunshot wound to the back.[79]
UkraineSerhiy DidychSvoboda member. 44 years old.18 FebruaryHe died during a traffic incident while another protester was trying to break the police line.[80]
UkraineAntonina DvoryanetsFrom Brovary. Kyiv Oblast. 61 years old.[81]18 FebruaryShe was picketing on Instytutska Street. Beaten to death with clubs during clashes.[82][83]
UkraineOleksandr KapinosFrom Ternopil Oblast, Svoboda member, 29 years old.18 FebruaryHe was killed during clashes.[79] According to his friend, Oleksandr was hit by a grenade, then shot in the head with a rubber bullet at close range. Died in hospital.
Georgia (country)Zurab KhurtsiaGeorgian, 53 years old.18 FebruaryDied from a heart attack on Maidan.[82][84]
UkraineVolodymyr KishchukFrom Zaporizhia Oblast. 58 years old.18 FebruaryShot during clashes with riot police and Berkut on Hrushevskoho street.[85][86]
UkraineAndriy KorchakBoryslav. Lviv Oblast 50 years old.18 FebruaryBeaten by "Berkut" and died from a head injury in the hospital.[79][87]
UkraineVolodymyr KulchytskyiFrom Kyiv. 65 years old.18 FebruaryKilled by two bullets during clashes.[79]
UkraineVolodymyr NaumovMember of Euromaidan self-defense units, from Donetsk Oblast.18 FebruaryBody found on Trukhaniv Island near the Dnipro River. Police accused Naumov of suicide.[82][88]
UkraineOleksandr Plekhanov22 year-old college student from Kyiv.18 FebruaryKilled during clashes.[89]
UkraineIhor SerdyukFrom Kremenchuk. 40 years old.18 FebruaryExecuted by "titushkas" thugs and "Berkut" next to Mariinskyi Park, while building a barricade.[76]
UkraineSerhiy ShapovalFrom Kyiv. 45 years old.18 FebruaryShot during clashes with the riot police and Berkut on Hrushevskoho street.[85][86]
UkraineVyacheslav VeremiyJournalist for Vesti newspaper; lost 1 eye during the Hrushevskoho Street riots weeks prior; survived by a 4-year-old son.[90]18 FebruaryPulled out of a taxi on his way home from work and then shot in the chest by government-paid thugs[91][92] in a targeted killing. Driver was severely beaten with lacerations to his legs.[93]
UkraineYakiv ZaikoFormer People's Deputy of Ukraine, Zhytomyr. 73 years old.18 FebruaryDied from heart attack while fleeing "Berkut" special unit.[94]
UkraineAndriy ChernenkoSlobodo-Petrivka, Poltava Oblast, 35 years old. Survived by 7-month-old daughter.19 February[76]
UkraineYuriy PaskhalinFrom Cherkasy Oblast. 30 years old.19 February3 Gunshot wounds in the back and 1 pneumatic injury[76]
UkraineDmytro MaksymovFrom Kyiv, 19 years old.18 FebruaryInjured by a grenade explosion, lost an arm, died of blood loss.[76]
UkraineVitaliy Vasyltsovfrom Bila Tserkva. 1977 (age 46–47)19 FebruaryShot on Velyka Zhitomirska st.[95]
UkraineSerhiy Baidovskyfrom Lutsk, originally from Novovolynsk. 22 years old.20 FebruaryKilled on Independence Square[95]
UkraineSerhiy Bondarchukfrom Starokostiantyniv. 1961 (age 62–63) Teacher of Physics.[96]20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[95][96]
UkraineMykola DziavulskyBorn in Krasnoyarsky Krai, Russia. Lived in Shepetivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast. 1958 (age 65–66) Teacher of geography and biology20 FebruaryKilled by sniper on Instytutska Street.[96]
UkraineUstym Holodnyukfrom Zbarazh, Ternopil Oblast, born in 1994 (19 years old)20 FebruaryShot in the head by sniper[96]
UkraineEduard HrynevychVolyn Oblast, born in 1985 (28 years old)20 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper. Brought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[76]
UkraineSerhiy KemskyFrom Kerch, Crimea. 34 years old.20 FebruaryBrought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[76]
UkraineIhor KostenkoJournalist from the newspaper Sportanalytic, geography student and contributor to Ukrainian Wikipedia[97] from Buchach, Ternopil Oblast. 22 years old20 FebruaryBrought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[98]
UkraineIvan Kreman (Panteleyev)From Kremenchuk, Poltava Oblast20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[96][99]
UkraineAndrii Movchanfrom Kyiv. 34 years old. Democratic Alliance activist20 FebruaryKilled by sniper. According to a friend, Andrii was bringing food to Maidan when he was killed.[100]
UkraineRoman NikulichevKyiv, 21 years old20 February[76]
UkraineDmytro PahorKhmelnytskyi, 21 y/o20 FebruaryShot in the head next to the SBU office in Khmelnitsky[101]
UkraineYuriy ParashchukLived in Kharkiv, born in Talne, Cherkasy Oblast. Born in 1966 (47 y/o)20 FebruaryShot in the head and killed by sniper on Instytutska Street.[76]
UkraineAnatoliy KorneyevFrom Havrylivtsi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast20 FebruaryKilled by sniper.[76]
UkraineAndriy SayenkoFrom Fastiv. 42 years old20 February7th Sotnia of Maidan Self-Defense. Killed by a sniper[102]
UkraineYosyp ShylinhFebruary 14, 1953 From Drohobych, Lviv Oblast20 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper next to October Palace[76]
UkraineViktor ChmilenkoBorysivka, Bobrynets Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast 1961 (age 62–63)20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[96]
UkraineVitaliy SmolinskyFurmanivka village. From Cherkasy Oblast.20 FebruaryBrought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[76]
UkraineBohdan SolchanykFrom Stary Sambir, Lviv Oblast, Professor of Ukrainian Catholic University20 FebruaryBrought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[76]
UkraineIgor TkachukZnamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia) 1975 (age 48–49). Father of three children with the youngest only a year old.20 FebruaryKilled by sniper.[96]
UkraineBohdan IlkivShchyrets, Lviv Oblast, 51 years old22 FebruaryShot twice in the stomach on Maidan. Died in the hospital.[103]
UkraineRoman TochynKhodoriv, Lviv Oblast 1970 (age 53–54), Svoboda party member20 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper.[96]
UkraineOleksandr TsariokKalinin, Vasylkiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[96]
UkraineOleh UshnevychDrohobych 1982 (age 41–42)20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[96]
UkraineRoman Varenytsiafrom Yavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast. December 14, 197820 FebruaryKilled by sniper[95][96]
UkraineNazar Voytovych17-year-old from Travneve village, Ternopil Oblast20 FebruaryBrought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[76]
UkraineAnatoliy ZhalovahaLviv, born in 198020 FebruaryBrought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[76]
UkraineAnatoliy ZherebnyhRudky, Lviv Oblast20 FebruaryBrought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[76]
UkraineBohdan VaidaLetnya village, Lviv Oblast, 48 years old20 FebruaryShot in the chest by a sniper[76]
UkraineVolodymyr ChaplinskyObukhiv, born in 1979 (34 y/o)20 FebruaryShot in the neck by a sniper[76]
UkraineIhor DmytrivKopanky village, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, 30 years old20 FebruaryShot in the chest by a sniper[76]
UkraineAndriy DyhdalovychSokilnyky, Pustomyty Raion, Lviv Oblast, born in 197320 FebruaryShot by a sniper while covering a friend.[76]
UkraineRoman HurikIvano-Frankivsk, born in 199419 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper[76]
UkraineVitaliy KotsyubaLviv, 32 years old20 February[76]
UkraineOleksandr KhrapachenkoTheatre director from Rivne, originally from Zdolbuniv, born in 1987 (26 years old)20 FebruaryShot in the head and killed by sniper.[76]
UkraineVasyl MoyseyBorn March 23, 1992 (21 years old) in Zubrets, Buchach Raion, Ternopil Oblast. He was living in Kivertsi, Volyn Oblast while a 4th year student at Lutsk University Institute of Human Development.20 FebruaryShot in the chest by a sniper on the morning of February 20. He had arrived with the Volyn Self-Defense unit on the Maidan in Kyiv February 18. He died at the 17th hospital from the gunshot wound, despite having worn a bulletproof vest.[104][76][105]
UkraineValeriy OpanasyukRivne, born in 1971. Had 4 children.20 FebruaryShot by a sniper[76]
UkraineVolodymyr PavliukKolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, about 40 years old20 FebruaryShot 4 times, once in the head. Died in the hospital [76]
UkraineLeonid PolyanskyAbout 35 years old20 FebruaryBody found in morgue on Oranhereyna Street[76]
UkraineOleksandr ShcherbaniukFrom Chernivtsi, Batkivshchina party member. Afghanistan war veteran.20 FebruaryShot in the heart by a sniper[76]
UkraineMaksym ShymkoFrom Vinnytsia, 33 years old20 FebruaryShot by a sniper [76]
UkraineIvan TarasiukOlyka village, Volyn Oblast, born in 1993, 21 years old20 FebruaryKilled by a sniper.[76]
UkraineIvan BliokHorodok, Lviv Oblast, born in 1973 (40 y/o)20 FebruaryShot in the heart by a sniper[76]
UkraineMykola PankivLapayivka, Lviv Oblast, 39 years old20 FebruaryShot in the chest[76]
UkraineVasyly ProhorskiyKyiv, 33 years old18 FebruaryWent to Maidan on Feb 18, was missing, found dead and tortured.[76]
UkraineViktor ShvetsHatne village, Kyiv Oblast, born in 195719 FebruaryShot in the stomach 3 times[76]
UkraineVolodymyr ZherebniyBorn in Vyshnya village (moved to Rudky), Lviv Oblast, born in 1985 (28 years old)20 FebruaryShot in the neck by a sniper[106]
UkraineLiudmyla SheremetKhmelnytskyi, 73 years old22 FebruaryShot in the head by an SBU officer on 19 February during the storming of SBU office in Khmelnitsky. Died in the hospital three days later.[107][108]
UkraineYevhen KotliarKharkiv, born in 1980 (33 y/o)20 FebruaryShot on Instytutska Street.[109]
UkraineIvan HorodniukBerezne, Rivne Oblast, 29 years old19 FebruaryOn 18 February, was beaten by "Berkut" and soaked from a water cannon. Returned home 19 February and died from a heart attack same night.[76]
UkraineAndriy TsepunKyiv, 35 years old21 FebruaryActivist, found beaten to death.[110]
UkraineMaksym Mashkov21 FebruaryDied in the hospital [110]
UkraineMaksym HoroshishinHrushivka village, Cherkasy Oblast, 25 years old18 FebruaryDied from gas grenade poisoning during the clashes on Instytutska Street.[111]
UkraineGeorgiy ArutiunyanGeorgian Citizen of Armenian descent, lived in Rivne, born in 1960.20 FebruaryShot by a sniper. Brought to St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[76]
UkraineVolodymyr MelnychukLived in Kyiv, 40 years old20 FebruaryWas helping activists. Shot in the neck by a sniper while standing next to his wife.[112]
Georgia (country)David KipianiGeorgia21 FebruaryFound wounded, likely shot by a sniper, next to the barricades on Khmelnytsky Street, died in the emergency vehicle.[113]
UkraineVictor ChernetsPodibna, Cherkasy Oblast, born in 197719 FebruaryDied from injury caused by the collision with an unidentified SUV while guarding an improvised checkpoint built to block special units and thugs on Kyiv-Odesa highway. The SUV was storming the checkpoint to open the way for the Interior troops.[114]
UkraineOleksandr ScherbatyukFrom Chernivtsi; 46 years old; Jewish; Afghan war veteran20 FebruaryKilled by snipers.[115]
UkraineVolodymyr TopiyVyshnya village, Lviv Oblast, 57 years old18 FebruaryDied during the fire at the Trade Unions Building[116]
UkraineVolodymyr ZubokChernihiv Oblast, born in 198520 January[116]
UkraineViktor KhomyakActivist27 JanuaryBody found hung on the Christmas Tree on the Maidan. Details are unknown.[116]
UkraineViktor Prokhorchukborn in 1975 (38 years old)18 FebruaryMember of the self-defense. Found with his throat slit in the backyard of a Kreshchatik house a week after disappearance on 18 February.[116]
UkraineAndriy Zhanovachiyborn in 196420? February[116]
UkraineVolodymyr Boykivborn in 195519 February[116]
UkraineOleksiy BratushkoFrom Sumy, born in 197120 FebruaryShot by a sniper on Instytutska Street.[116]
UkraineIhor Batchinsky30 years old25 February[116]
UkraineMykola Tarshchukborn in 197520 FebruaryShot in the neck by a sniper[116]
UkraineMykola SemisiukFrom Khmelnytskyi, born in 198620 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper[116]
UkraineIhor PehenkoVyshhorod, Kyiv Oblast, born in 1970, 43 years old20 FebruaryShot in the neck by a sniper[117]
UkraineVladyslav Zubenko"Svoboda" Party activist from Kharkiv, born in 1991, 22 years old28 FebruaryShot by a sniper 20 February, died from the wounds in the hospital.[118]
UkraineArtem Mazur26 years old3 MarchSustained heavy head trauma, died from the wounds in the hospital.[119]
UkraineTaras SlobodianFrom Ternopil Oblast, 31 years old5 MarchBody was found in the woods of Sumskiy Forest[120] in October 2013? (query date - precedes date of death) [121]
UkraineMykhailo KostyshynNyzhniy Strutyn, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast26 FebruaryWas on Maidan from the first days. Beaten to death in January, lasted in the hospital for almost a month but did not recover.[122]
UkraineArtur KhuntsaarFrom Ivano-Frankivsk, born in 1984 (29 years old)18 FebruaryKilled by a sniper.
UkraineYuriy NechiporukFrom Khmilnyk, Vinnytsia Oblast, 30 years old18 FebruaryActivist, kidnapped and killed by thugs. Sustained 20 knife wounds.[123]
UkraineAnatoliy KurachFrom Rivne21 FebruaryDied because of a head trauma received on Maidan[124]
UkraineOleksandr BaderaFrom Volodymyr-Volynsky, born in 1948 (66 years old)28 JanuaryDied because of trauma received 22 January on Hrushevskoho Street.
UkraineOleksandr BaliukFrom Lypovy village, Zhytomyr Oblast, born in 1974 (39 years old)20 FebruaryReceived a firearm wound to the chest. Was trying to rescue another person.[125]
UkraineReshat AmetovFrom Crimea, born in 1975. Father of 3 children.3 March?Participated in the protests. Disappeared 3 March, found on 15 March, tortured to death.[126]
UkraineVyacheslav VoronaBorn in Prypyat, lived in Kyiv9 MarchReceived a head injury during the clashes, was brought to the intensive care, never recovered from coma.
UkraineVasyl AkseninFrom Letyache, Ternopil Oblast, born in 1961.12 MarchSeriously wounded on 20 February in Kyiv. At the end of February he was sent for treatment to Poland, but did not survive.
UkraineOlha BuraFrom Rypne, Lviv Oblast, born in 1986.10 MarchParticipated in the protests since the end of November. Died at a hospital from injuries received during the clashes.
UkraineVasyl SheremetFrom Lanchyn, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, born in 1949 (64 y/o).7 MarchDied from wounds sustained during the clashes with "Berkut"
UkraineIvan NakonechnyFrom Kyiv, born in 1931 (82 years old).7 MarchNavy officer. Was on the Euromaidan since 30 November. Died from wounds sustained during the clashes on Instytutska Street on 19 February.
UkrainePetro HadzhaLived in Kyiv, born in Rakhiv, Zakarpattia Oblast, born in 1966 (47 years old).22 MarchWas on the Euromaidan since its first days. Member of the 8th Sotnia. Died in the hospital due to gas poisoning which he had sustained during the clashes on Hrushevskoho Street.
UkraineDmytro ChernyavskiyBorn in Donetsk Oblast. Studied at Lviv National University, born in 1992 (22 years old).13 MarchOn 13 March, participated in the meeting for the unity of Ukraine in Donetsk. Was stabbed to death in clashes with pro-Russian activists.
UkraineRoman OlikhBorn in the village of Hybalivka, Vinnytsia Oblast.15 FebruaryCame to Maidan in January. On the 6th of February he was injured and taken to a hospital in Kyiv. Fell into coma and never recovered.

Unnamed dead activists

Unidentified activists were reported killed.

  • During the Hrushevskoho Street riots, a 22‑year-old man died falling from the colonnade near the Lobanovsky Dynamo Stadium during a beating by police; the cause of death was multiple injuries, particularly spinal fracture.[127]
  • Two unnamed shooting victims were announced on the evening of 22 February.[128] Their bodies disappeared from the street after the action of Berkut in the early morning 22 January.[129] Roman Senyk was later identified as shot and killed on this date.
  • On 26 January, the body of a man was found in Obolon district, with his hands bound.[130]
  • On 29 January, two male activists were shot on Hrushevskoho Street and brought to a Kyiv hospital. One died from gunshot wounds the following day.[131] A UDAR MP accused police of shooting the two as a provocation.[132]
  • On 15 February, the body of a missing activist was found outside of Kyiv.[133][134]
  • On 18–19 February, 16 protesters were killed in clashes,[135] of whom 7 have been named.
  • On 19 February at 9 pm a young man was killed in Khmelnytsky outside the SBU building.[136] 5Kanal reported both a 23‑year-old and a 16‑year-old were shot and killed.[137]
  • On 20 February, at least 34 protesters were shot dead as of 1 pm, with reporters verifying the bodies (15 at Kozatsky Hotel, 12 at Ukraine Hotel, 7 at the central post office).[138][139] Kyiv Post journalists reported an additional eight bodies on Khreshchatyk Street early afternoon, separate from the previous count.[138] Olha Bohomolets, one of the attending physicians to 12 fatal gunshot victims at Ukraine Hotel, said that the victims were shot with precision rifles and powerful ammunition that broke their bones.[138]

Other deaths

On 18 February militants from the Social-National Assembly and the Patriots of Ukraine seized and burned down the central office of the ruling Party of Regions.[140] A 57-year-old IT engineer Vladimir Konstantinovich Zakharov died in the fire. According to Party of Regions' statement, Zakharov proposed to the attackers to provide an exit route for the women office workers and was mortally struck in the head with a bat.[141] According to the Ukrainian news site Censor.net, Zakharov died of carbon monoxide poisoning while taking money from the office safe.[142] On 10 April 2020 Ukraine's State Bureau of Investigations handed a murder suspicion notice to a former People's Deputy of Ukraine Tetiana Chornovol. Chornovol is accused of "controlling actions of a group of people and directly participating in the arson" of the Party of Regions office building.[143]

Police officers' deaths

As of 2 March, The Ministry of Internal Affairs reported 18 officer fatalities related to the conflict.[144] Two deaths that occurred during the crisis were considered by The Interior Ministry's as having no relation to Euromaidan or civil unrest.[145] In addition, according to the Minister of Internal Affairs, another police officer, 30-year-old captain of the Internal Troops of Ukraine Dmytro Donets, died from a heart attack.[146] On 18 February, six officers were killed in action against protest camps in Kyiv.[147]

Nationality Rank Name Details Date of death Reference
UkraineLieutenantDmytro VlasenkoBorn 1982, Internal Troops (Crimea)18 February[148]
UkraineLieutenantVitaliy HoncharovBorn 1989, Internal Troops (Crimea)18 February[148]
UkraineLieutenantVolodymyr YevtushokBorn 1971, Patrol Service (Kyiv)18 February[148][149]
UkraineSenior LieutenantAndriy FediukinBorn 1972, Berkut (Crimea)18 February[148]
UkraineOleksiy IvanenkoBorn 1977, Internal Troops (Kharkiv)18 February[148]
UkraineLieutenantPetro SavitskyBorn 1972, Patrol Service (Kyiv)18 February[148]
UkraineSergeantVasil' BulitkoBorn 1986, Berkut (Kyiv)18 February[148]
UkraineSergeantSerhiy TsvihunBorn 1990, Berkut (Zaporizhia)18 February[148]
UkraineIvan TepliukBorn 1993, Internal Troops (Kyiv)18 February[148]
UkraineMaxim TretiakBorn 1993, Internal Troops (Kyiv)18 February[148]
UkraineSerhiy SpichakBerdyansk (Zaporizhia region)19 February[150]
UkraineVolodymyr Zubok[150]
UkraineVitaliy Zakharchenko[150]
UkraineRoman Kizik[150]
UkraineNazariy Myrka[150]
UkraineSerhiy Mikhaylovych[150]
UkraineMykola Simisiuk[150]

Legacy

Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes

Ukrainian sources refer to the activists who died during Euromaidan as "The Heavenly Hundred".[151] In April 2014, the Kyiv City State Administration and Culture Ministry of Ukraine stated that they expected to open a memorial complex "to the heroes of Heavenly Hundred" in February 2015, on the occasion of the anniversary of the death activists.[152] On 1 July 2014, the Verkhovna Rada (the parliament of Ukraine) established the Medal "Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes".[153][154] On 25 August 2014, President Petro Poroshenko claimed he had called the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election in order to purify parliament of MPs who had supported "the [January] Dictatorship laws that took the lives of the Heavenly hundred".[155][156]

Kyiv City Council renamed a part of Instytutska Street into Heavenly Hundred Heroes Avenue on 20 November 2014.[157]

President Poroshenko decreed on 11 February 2015 that 20 February will annually be commemorated as "Day of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes". His decree established [an action plan to accomplish] a museum in Kyiv dedicated to Euromaidan.[5][6] On 20 February, it is compulsory for Ukrainian TV channels to display a flaming candle or a similar stylized image, and, at 12:00, a minute of silence must be observed.[158]

Monuments

  • On 23 February in Poltava, a statue of Lenin taken down two days previously had its pedestal converted into a "monument to the Maidan Heroes".[159]
  • On 13 April 2014 in Buda, Chyhyryn Raion (the historical Cold Ravine), a monument to "the Heavenly Hundred" was installed.[160]
  • On 6 May 2014 in Dubno, a commemorative landmark to "the Heavenly Hundred" was unveiled.[161]
  • On 21 September 2015 outside of Chicago in Bloomingdale, Illinois, a monument commemorating the people perished during the Euromaidan was erected.[162]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Дорожовець, Олег; Коаліція "Україна. П'ята ранку"; Орлова, Юлія (21 February 2014). "Рада встановила допомогу сім'ям загиблих активістів" [The Rada established help to the families of perished activists]. LB.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  3. ↑ "УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ № 890/2014". Official site of the President of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 21 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "Президент нагородив орденами Героїв Небесної Сотні трьох іноземців, які загинули під час Революції Гідності // Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України". Archived from the original on 31 December 2014.
  5. 1 2 Poroshenko, Petro (25 August 2014). "February 20 will mark the Day of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes". Petro Poroshenko, President of Ukraine: Official website. President of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  6. 1 2 February 20 to be commemorated as Heavenly Hundred Heroes Day– decree, Interfax-Ukraine (12.02.2015)
  7. ↑ Микола Азаров: демонстрантів могли застрелити провокатори. BBC Ukrainian (in Ukrainian). 23 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
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  151. ↑ The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine established the order of the Characters hundreds of Heaven, news.rin.ru (1 July 2014)
  152. ↑ Memorial to heroes of Heavenly Hundred might be opened by anniversary of tragic events on Maidan, Kyiv Post (24 April 2014)
  153. ↑ The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law “On amendments to article 7 of the Law of Ukraine “On National Awards of Ukraine” (re establishing the order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes), Verkhovna Rada (1 July 2014)
  154. ↑ (in Ukrainian) The Council established the Order of Heroes Hundreds of Heaven, Ukrayinska Pravda (1 July 2014)
  155. ↑ Ukrainian President dissolves Parliament, announces early elections, United Press International (25 August 2014)
    Ukraine's Petro Poroshenko Dissolves Parliament, Sets Election Date, The Moscow Times (26 August 2014)
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  158. ↑ "The National Council will scrutinize five TV channels". m.glavcom.ua (in Ukrainian). 14 March 2019.
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  160. ↑ "У Холодному Яру встановили перший в Україні пам`ятник Небесній Сотні" [First monument in Ukraine dedicated to "the Heavenly Hundred" installed in Cold Ravine]. prostir.museum (in Ukrainian). 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  161. ↑ "Дубенська міська рада" [Memorial to the Heavenly Hundred]. Дубенська міська рада. 22 September 2015. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  162. ↑ "У США з'явився пам'ятник героям Майдану" [Monument to the Heroes of Maidan appears in USA]. ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 23 September 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  • Website dedicated to the killed protesters
  • Website dedicated to the killed protesters, related news, investigations and litigations (in Ukrainian)
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