The government of Indonesia defines a metropolitan area as an urban agglomeration where its spatial planning is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country.[1] The metropolitan areas in Indonesia are managed based on Presidential Regulation (Peraturan Presiden). The national government has established 10 metropolitan areas across the country, anchored by the cities of Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Semarang, Medan, Makassar, Palembang, Denpasar, Banjarmasin, and Manado. Despite having no official metropolitan areas recognised on national level, there are several cities whose urbanisation exceeds their city limits such as Yogyakarta, Malang, and Cirebon.

Official metropolitan areas

Metropolitan area Image Official acronym Regencies and cities Area
(km2)		 Estimated
population		 Ref.
Jakarta metropolitan area Jabodetabekpunjur 7,062.47 33,430,285 [2]
Surabaya metropolitan area Gerbangkertosusila 5,925.84 9,570,870 [3]
Bandung metropolitan area Bandung Basin 3,411.35 8,357,393 [4]
Semarang metropolitan area Kedungsepur 4,298.43 5,689,149 [5]
Medan metropolitan area Mebidangro 3,189.25 4,848,885 [6]
Makassar metropolitan area Mamminasata 2,667 2,621,168 [7]
Palembang metropolitan area Patungraya Agung 7,585.96 2,570,981 [8]
Denpasar metropolitan area Sarbagita 732.67 2,388,680 [9]
Banjarmasin metropolitan area Banjarbakula 8,136.36 1,939,347 [10]
Manado metropolitan area Bimindo 1,379.26 830,137 [11]

Built-up urban areas

The followings are the contiguous urban areas in Indonesia, with a population of over one million, according to Demographia's "World Urban Areas" study. Demographia defines an urban area (urbanised area agglomeration or urban centre) as a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area), without regard for administrative boundaries (city).[12]

Rank Urban area Area
(km2)		 Estimated
population		 Notes[12]
1 Jakarta 3,540 34,540,000 Jakarta's built-up urban area extends beyond its official metropolitan area, including Karawang.
2 Bandung 487 7,065,000 Bandung metropolitan area has more dense urban population than Surabaya metropolitan area.
3 Surabaya 911 6,499,000 Surabaya metropolitan area has a larger population than Bandung metropolitan area, but comprises more rural areas than the later.
4 Medan 478 3,632,000 Medan is the largest urban area outside of Java island. The urban area is known locally as Mebidangro.
5 Semarang 259 1,992,000 Although Semarang metropolitan area is the fourth most populous in Indonesia, it actually comprises a significant portion of rural areas. Semarang's urban population is much smaller than Medan.
6 Makassar 178 1,952,000 Makassar is the largest urban area outside of Java and Sumatra. The urban area is known locally as Mamminasata.
7 Palembang 221 1,889,000 Palembang is the third largest urban area outside of Java island, after Medan and Makassar. The urban area is known locally as Patungraya Agung.
8 Yogyakarta 230 1,568,000 Although it has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, Yogyakarta has the eighth largest urban population in Indonesia, extending far beyond its small city proper area of 32.5 km2.[13] Nevertheless, the urban area, known locally as Kartamantul, is managed through Sekretariat Bersama Kartamantul with patronage of the provincial government.
9 Malang 212 1,493,000 Although it has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, Malang urban population extends far beyond its administrative area of 145 km2.[13] The urban area is known locally as Greater Malang.
10 Denpasar 177 1,389,000 Denpasar is the second largest urban area outside of Java and Sumatra, after Makassar. The urban area is known as Sarbagita.
11 Batam 243 1,362,000 As an island-city, Batam has not developed a metropolitan area with its surrounding regions, hence its urban population is entirely within its administrative area. A free-trade zone, locally known as Babika, is established around Batam.
12 Pekanbaru 239 1,118,000 Pekanbaru has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, and its urban population is pretty much concentrated in its city proper. The urban area is known locally as Pekansikawan which is managed through provincial government.
13 Surakarta 477 1,106,000 Although it has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, Surakarta's urban population extends far beyond its administrative area of 46 km2.[13] The urban area is known locally as Solo Raya or Subosukawonosraten.
14 Cirebon 105 1,017,000 Although it has no metropolitan area recognised on national level, Cirebon's urban population extends beyond its administrative area of 37.4 km2.[13] The urban area is planned by provincial government as Rebana.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Bulletin Electronik". Archived from the original on 2 October 2017.
  2. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  3. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  4. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  5. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  6. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  7. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  8. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  9. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  10. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  11. ↑ "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id.
  12. 1 2 "Demographia World Urban Areas, 14th Annual Edition" (PDF). April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Indonesia: Administrative Division (Provinces, Regencies and Cities) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
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