Momi, one of the members of this class
Class overview
Name	Matsu class
Builders	Maizuru Naval Arsenal, Yokosuka Naval Arsenal, Fujinagata Shipbuilding Yard, Kōbe-Kawasaki Shipbuilding Yard
Operators	Imperial Japanese Navy  Republic of China Navy  Soviet Navy  Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Preceded by	Ōtori-class torpedo boat Akizuki class
Subclasses	Tachibana class
Built	1943–1945
In commission	1944–1971
Planned	42 (1943, Ship #5481-5522), 32 (1944, Ship #4801-4832), 80 (1945, Kai-Tachibana class)
Completed	18 (Matsu class), 14 (Tachibana class)
Cancelled	122
Lost	10
Retired	22 + 1 (JDS Wakaba)
General characteristics Matsu class
Displacement	1,260 tons standard 1,530 tons in battle condition
Length	100.0 m (328 ft 1 in) overall, 92.15 m (302 ft 4 in) waterline
Beam	9.35 m (30 ft 8 in)
Draft	3.30 m (10 ft 10 in)
Propulsion	2 × Kampon water tube boilers, 2 × Kampon impulse geared[1] turbines, 19,000 shp (14 MW) 2 shafts
Speed	27.8 knots (32.0 mph; 51.5 km/h)
Range	3,500 nmi (6,500 km) at 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h)
Complement	211
Sensors and processing systems	1 × Type 93 active sonar, 1 × Type 93 hydrophone
Electronic warfare & decoys	1 × 22-Gō surface search radar (wavelength 10 cm)
Armament	(Matsu, April 1944) 3 × 127 mm (5.0 in) L/40 Type 89 AA guns (1×2, 1×1)[2] 24 × 25 mm (1") Type 96 AA guns (4×3, 12×1)[2] 4 × 610 mm (24 in) Type 92 torpedo tubes (1×4) 4 ×[2] Type 93 torpedoes 4 depth charge throwers[2] 36 × Type 2 depth charges[3] (Take, March 1945) 3 × 127 mm (5.0 in) L/40 AA guns (1×2, 1×1) 39 × 25 mm (1") Type 96 AA guns (4×3, 27×1) 4 × 610 mm (24 in) Type 92 torpedo tubes (1×4) 4 × Type 93 torpedoes 4 depth charge throwers 48 × Type 2 depth charges
General characteristics Tachibana class
Displacement	1,350 tons standard 1,640 tons in battle condition
Length	100.0 m (328 ft 1 in) overall, 92.15 m (302 ft 4 in) waterline
Beam	9.35 m (30 ft 8 in)
Draft	3.41 m (11 ft 2 in)
Propulsion	2 × Kampon water tube boilers, 2 × Kampon impulse geared[2] turbines, 19,000 shp (14 MW) 2 shafts
Speed	27.3 knots (31.4 mph; 50.6 km/h)
Sensors and processing systems	1 × Type 3 active sonar, 1 × Type 4 hydrophone
Electronic warfare & decoys	1 × 22-Gō surface search radar (wavelength 10 cm), 1 × 13-Gō early warning radar (wavelength 2 m)
Armament	(Tachibana, January 1945) 3 × 127 mm (5.0 in) L/40 Type 89 AA guns (1×2, 1×1) 25 × 25 mm (1") AA guns (4×3, 13×1) 4 × 610 mm (24 in) Type 92 torpedo tubes (1×4) 4 × Type 93 torpedoes 48 × Type 2 depth charges
General characteristics Kaiten carrier[4]
Armament	(Take, 25 June 1945) 3 × 127 mm (5.0 in) L/40 Type 89 AA guns (1×2, 1×1) 39 × 25 mm (1") AA guns (4×3, 27×1) 4 × 610 mm (24 in) Type 92 torpedo tubes (1×4) 4 × Type 93 torpedoes 48-60 × Type 2 depth charges 1 × manned torpedo Kaiten Type 1

The Matsu-class destroyers (松型駆逐艦, Matsu-gata kuchikukan) were a class of destroyer built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late stages of World War II. The class was also designated the Type-D Destroyer (丁型駆逐艦, Tei-gata kuchikukan). Although sometimes termed Destroyer escorts, they were larger and more capable than contemporary United States Navy destroyer escorts or the Imperial Japanese Navy kaibōkan vessels.^[5]

Background

Even by 1942, the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff realized that attrition of its destroyer force was not sustainable. There was a growing need for a simplified design which could be quickly mass-produced, and which could serve primarily as convoy escorts and as destroyer-transports in front-line locations, but would still be capable of working with the fleet if necessary. Emphasis was placed on anti-aircraft guns and anti-submarine weapons, and radar, as operations against surface targets was deemed unlikely. Forty-two vessels were ordered and work began in August 1943.

In the middle of 1944, the orders for twenty-four of these vessels were replaced with a further-simplified design, designated the Tachibana-class destroyer (橘型駆逐艦, Tachibana-gata kuchikukan) or Modified Type-D Destroyer (改丁型駆逐艦, Kai Tei-gata kuchikukan). The Tachibana-class had straight lines and a modular construction to facilitate mass-production. The Imperial Japanese Navy had plans to build another hundred and twelve Tachibana-class vessels, but only fourteen were completed before construction was cancelled, with resources diverted to "special-attack units".^[5]

Design

The bridge of a Tachibana-class destroyer at Yokosuka, September 1945

The Matsu-class destroyers displaced 1,260 long tons (1,280 t) standard with a length of 100.0 m (328 ft 1 in) overall. In order to simplify construction and reduce construction time, the Matsu-class destroyers used the same turbine engine as the Ōtori class, with two Kampon boilers. The engine could develop only 19,000 shp (14 MW), which gave the vessels a top speed of just under 28 kn (32 mph; 52 km/h). The boiler and the machinery rooms were separated to improve on survivability to combat damage.^[5]

The class was well armed for a ship of its size. The main battery was the 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun used as a primary anti-aircraft gun on many Japanese capital ships. A single gun was located forward with an anti-spray shield rather than a gun turret, and a dual mount was located aft with no protection at all. However, the lack of a high-angle fire-control director limited the anti-aircraft effectiveness of these weapons. Each vessel also had a quadruple torpedo launcher with Type 93 torpedoes, but no reloads.^[5]

Further anti-aircraft protection was provided by four Type 96 AA gun triple-mounts and eight single-mounts and both a Type 22 and Type 13 radar. The number of single-mounts was increased on certain individual vessels to thirteen. For anti-submarine warfare, each vessel also had two Type 94 depth charge projectors with 48 depth charges.^[5]

The Tachibana-class, entering service in 1945, had the same armament as the Matsu-class, but initially with 13 single-mount Type 96s instead of eight. This was later increased to as many as 19. Only one vessel, Take, was modified to launch a single kaiten manned torpedo from her stern, although there were plans to covert another 11 to this configuration just before the war came to an end.^[5]

Operational history

Matsu-class destroyers were assigned to Destroyer Divisions 43, 52, and 53. Few Matsu-class units saw extensive service beyond Japanese home waters, and none of the Tachibana-class.^[5]

Matsu and Tachibana classes comparison

Matsu-class destroyer Take with Kaiten. Lower illustration is Take in August 1945.

Tachibana. Arrows are difference to Matsu class.

Ships of the classes

Forty-two vessels were ordered in Fiscal Year 1943 under the Modified 5th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme as #5481-#5522. Eighteen of these were completed to the original Matsu design, but the other twenty-four were altered to a modified (simplified) design which became known as the Tachibana class. Eight of this batch were completed to that design, while orders for sixteen were subsequently cancelled (of which eleven had not been laid down).

Another thirty-two vessels were authorised in Fiscal Year 1944 under the Wartime Naval Armaments Supplement Programme as #4801-#4832, all to the Tachibana design. Six of this batch were completed to that design, while another four were ordered and laid down but were subsequently cancelled on 17 April 1945; the remaining twenty-two were never ordered.

A further eighty vessels were projected in Fiscal Year 1945 to a further modification of the design, known as the Kai-Tachibana class, but no orders were placed before the end of the war brought an end to the programme.

Notes

Bibliography

• Dodson, Aidan & Cant, Serena (2020). Spoils of War: The Fate of Enemy Fleets after Two World Wars. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-4198-1.
• "Rekishi Gunzō"., History of Pacific War Vol.43 Matsu class destroyers, Gakken (Japan), November 2003, ISBN 4-05-603251-3
• "Rekishi Gunzō"., History of Pacific War Vol.51 The truth of Imperial Japanese Vessels Histories 2, Gakken (Japan), August 2005, ISBN 4-05-604083-4
• Collection of writings by Sizuo Fukui Vol.5, Stories of Japanese Destroyers, Kōjinsha (Japan) 1993, ISBN 4-7698-0611-6
• Model Art Extra No.340, Drawings of Imperial Japanese Naval Vessels Part-1, Model Art Co. Ltd. (Japan), October 1989, Book code 08734-10
• Daiji Katagiri, Ship Name Chronicles of the Imperial Japanese Navy Combined Fleet, Kōjinsha (Japan), June 1988, ISBN 4-7698-0386-9
• The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.41 Japanese Destroyers I, Ushio Shobō (Japan), July 1980, Book code 68343-42
• Fitzsimons, Bernard, general editor. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons and Warfare, Volume 17, p. 1854, "Matsu". London: Phoebus Publishing, 1978.
• Sturton, Ian (1980). "Japan". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
• Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-326-1.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Matsu class destroyers.

• Matsu class at CombinedFleet.com
• Matsu Class notes by Allyn Nevitt
• Globalsecurity.org. "IJN Matsu class escort destroyers".
• Globalsecurity.org. "IJN Tachibana class escort destroyers".