MAssive Cluster Survey
Alternative namesMACS
Websitewww.ifa.hawaii.edu/~ebeling/clusters/MACS.html
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The MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS)[1][2] compiled and characterized a sample of very X-ray luminous (and thus, by inference, massive), distant clusters of galaxies. The sample comprises 124 spectroscopically confirmed clusters at 0.3 < z < 0.7. Candidates were selected from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey data.[3]

Cluster candidates that are south of declination -40° cannot be observed from Mauna Kea and fit into the Southern MACS (SMACS) extension. They are also being investigated when facilities are available.[4]

History

One of the galaxy clusters, MACS J0647+7015 was found to have gravitationally lensed the most distant galaxy (MACS0647-JD) then ever imaged, in 2012, by CLASH. The first statistical study of X-ray cavities in distant clusters of galaxies was performed by analyzing the Chandra X-ray observations of MACS. Out of 76 clusters representing a sample of the most luminous X-ray clusters, observers found 13 cut and clear cavities and 7 possible cavities. A new radio halo, as well as a relic applicant, were found in MACS, with the help of the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope and the Karoo Array Telescope-7. The discovered radio halo has a largest linear scale of about 0.9Mpc. X-ray chosen clusters are almost free of projection effects because they are composed of intrinsically massive, gravitationally collapsed systems.

MACS team

The MACS team consists of:

Survey notation

Objects are labelled as JHHMM.m+DDMM where HHMM+DDMM are the coordinates in the J2000 system. Here H, D, and M refer to hours, degrees, and minutes, respectively, and m refers to tenths of minutes of time.

  • HH Hours of right ascension
  • MM.m Minutes of right ascension or declination
  • DD.d Degrees in declination

Southern MAssive Cluster Survey

The Southern MAssive Cluster Survey (SMACS) involved the Hubble Space Telescope.

Notable surveyed objects

Survey objectRight ascensionDeclinationNotes
MACS J0025.4-122200h 25.4m −12° 22′
MACS J0358.8-295503h 58.8m −29.5°Part of Abell 3192[5]
MACS J0416.1-240304h 16m 9.9s−24° 03′ 58″
MACS J0647+701506h 47m +70° 15′
MACS J0717.5+374507h 17.5m +37° 45′
SMACS J0723.3–732707h 23m −73° 27′Subject of first JWST deep field
MACS J1149 Lensed Star 111h 49m 35.59s22° 23′ 47.4″Blue supergiant star observed through a gravitational lens
MACS 1423-z7p6414h 23m 24° 04′Most distant galaxy known as of April 2017
MACS 2129-121h 29m −1°

References

  1. ↑ Ebeling, Harald; Alastair Edge; J. Patrick Henry (2001). "MACS: A Quest for the Most Massive Galaxy Clusters in the Universe". Astrophysical Journal. 553 (2): 668. arXiv:astro-ph/0009101. Bibcode:2001ApJ...553..668E. doi:10.1086/320958. S2CID 15324781.
  2. ↑ Ebeling, Harald; Elizabeth Barrett; David Donovan; Cheng-Jiun Ma; Alastair Edge; Leon van Speybroeck (2007). "A Complete Sample of 12 Very X-Ray Luminous Galaxy Clusters at z > 0.5". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 661 (661): 33. arXiv:astro-ph/0703394. Bibcode:2007ApJ...661L..33E. doi:10.1086/518603. S2CID 118914497.
  3. ↑ MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS)
  4. ↑ Repp, A; Ebeling, H (2018-09-01). "Science from a glimpse: Hubble SNAPshot observations of massive galaxy clusters". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 479 (1): 844–864. arXiv:1706.01263. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1489. ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. ↑ NASA: Hubble Views a Double Cluster of Glowing Galaxies
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