Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
(New Tappan Zee Bridge)
The bridge in 2020
Coordinates41°04′17″N 73°53′28″W / 41.07139°N 73.89111°W / 41.07139; -73.89111
Carries I-87 / I-287 / New York Thruway
8 automobile lanes, 2 bus lanes,
2 bicycle/pedestrian lanes[1]
CrossesHudson River
LocaleConnecting South Nyack (Rockland County) and Tarrytown (Westchester County)
Official nameGovernor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
Other name(s)New Tappan Zee Bridge; New NY Bridge
Maintained byNew York State Thruway Authority
Characteristics
Designdual-span cable-stayed twin bridge
Total length16,368 ft (4,989.0 m; 3.1 mi; 5.0 km)[2]
Width183 ft (56 m), total of both decks: 87 ft (27 m) and 96 ft (29 m)
Height419 ft (128 m)
Longest span1,200 ft (370 m)
Clearance aboveunlimited
Clearance below139 ft (42 m)[3]
History
Construction start2013
Construction cost$3.9 billion (2013 project budget)[2]
OpenedAugust 26, 2017 (westbound/northbound span)[4]
September 11, 2018 (eastbound/southbound span)
ReplacesTappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)
Statistics
TollCars $7.48 Tolls-by-Mail; $6.61 non-NY E-ZPass; $5.75 NY E-ZPass (eastbound/southbound only)
Larger vehicles pay variable toll based on vehicle class and time of day (cashless toll)[5]
Location

The New Tappan Zee Bridge, officially named the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge after the former New York governor, is a twin cable-stayed bridge spanning the Tappan Zee section of the Hudson River between Tarrytown and Nyack in the U.S. state of New York. It was built to replace the original Tappan Zee Bridge opened in 1955, which was located just to the south. The bridge's north span carries the northbound and westbound automobile traffic of the New York State Thruway, Interstate 87 (I-87) and I-287; it also carries a shared use path for bicycles and pedestrians. The south span carries southbound and eastbound automobile traffic.

Although not as old as other bridges such as the George Washington, the original Tappan Zee was built in the midst of a material shortage during the Korean War and was thus only designed to last for approximately fifty years. The process to replace the bridge kicked off in 2012, with construction on the new spans beginning by contractor Tappan Zee Constructors in 2013. The Left Coast Lifter (one of the world's biggest cranes) was instrumental in the construction of the bridge. The north span officially opened to westbound traffic on August 26, 2017, and eastbound traffic temporarily began using the north span on October 6, 2017. Contractors then began demolishing the old bridge. An opening ceremony for the south span was held on September 7, 2018,[6] and traffic started using the new span three days later.

The bridge's official name, which does not include the words "Tappan Zee" like its predecessor, has been controversial since its announcement. A petition and several legislative bills have sought to officially rename the bridge to the Tappan Zee Bridge or similar names.

History

The Tappan Zee river crossing was named by 17th century Dutch settlers.[7] The Tappan Zee Bridge is the only crossing of the Hudson between Westchester and Rockland counties. The original Tappan Zee Bridge was a cantilever bridge built from 1952 to 1955.[8][9] The bridge was 3 miles (4.8 km) long and spanned the Hudson at its second-widest point. It was the longest bridge in New York State, at a length of 16,013 feet (4,881 m) including approaches.[10] Built immediately after the Korean War, the bridge had a low construction budget of only $81 million and a designed life-span of only 50 years.[11] During its first decade, the bridge carried fewer than 40,000 vehicles per day.

Planning

By the start of the 21st century, the old Tappan Zee Bridge was "decaying" and "overburdened".[11] The deteriorating structure bore an average of 140,000 vehicles per day, substantially more traffic than its designed capacity.[12] The collapse of Minnesota's I-35W Mississippi River bridge in 2007 raised worries about the Tappan Zee Bridge's structural integrity.[13] These concerns, together with traffic overcapacity and increased maintenance costs, escalated the serious discussions already ongoing about replacing the Tappan Zee with a tunnel or a new bridge.[14][15] Six options were identified and submitted for project study and environmental review.[16]

Aerial view of the new Tappan Zee Bridge being constructed next to the existing Tappan Zee Bridge (August 2016)

The Federal Highway Administration issued a report in October 2011 designating the Tappan Zee's replacement to be a dual-span twin bridge. The new bridge was to be built a few yards to the north of the existing bridge, connecting to the existing highway approaches of the New York State Thruway (I-87/I-287) on both river banks.[17] The New York State Thruway Authority requested design proposals from four companies in 2012 and eventually received three project proposals.[18][19] The authority awarded a $3.142 billion contract to Tappan Zee Constructors (TZC), whose proposal was not only the least expensive but also promised the shortest construction timeline and included plans to minimize environmental impact.[20][19]

Originally, some motorists thought that bridge tolls could more than double (to $12-$15 for automobiles, eastbound only), rising to those of New York City's Hudson River crossings.[21] However, the state passed legislation freezing the toll on the bridge at $5 through 2020 in its 2016 legislative session.[22]

The new Tappan Zee Bridge was proposed to include four vehicle lanes on each span, for a total of eight lanes, as well as a shared-use bicycle and pedestrian path. Like its predecessor, the new Tappan Zee Bridge is to be administered by the New York State Thruway Authority. The authority is the project co-sponsor, along with the state Department of Transportation.[17]

Construction

The New York Metropolitan Transportation Council added the Tappan Zee Bridge to its list of projects eligible for federal funds in August 2012.[23] The United States Department of Transportation approved the plan on September 25, 2012. The approval process took fewer than 10 months as opposed to the traditional multi-year process as a result of being placed on a "fast track" for approval by the Obama administration.[24] On December 17, 2012, New York state officials dropped their proposal for a 45 percent increase on the state Thruway toll for trucks, while advancing a $3.14 billion project to replace the bridge.[25] The project was funded through a public-private partnership.[26]

Under construction, day view (left, May 2017) and night view (right, September 2016)

Construction began as scheduled in October 2013,[27][28] with completion targeted for 2017.[29] TZC, the contractor, was composed of several design, engineering, and construction firms including Fluor Corporation, American Bridge Company, Granite Construction Northeast and Traylor Bros. The Left Coast Lifter was used to install groups of pre-assembled girders one full span at a time.[30] The contractors were obliged to finish the bridge by 2018, after which the state would fine the contractors around $100,000 per day.[31]

By the end of 2013, General Electric had completed four seasons of dredging to remove contaminants from the river bottom. Approximately 70 percent of the sediments targeted for dredging were removed (totaling more than 1,900,000 cubic yards (1,500,000 m3) of sediment).[32]

On July 19, 2016, a crane used for the construction of the bridge collapsed onto the existing older bridge. Five people were injured, including three drivers and two bridge workers; no one was killed or critically injured.[33][34]

Completion

Deck of the new Tappan Zee Bridge, one week before its official opening

The project timeline originally indicated that the old bridge would be closed in 2016 and that the demolition of the old bridge would begin in February 2017.[35] The new northbound/westbound span opened on August 26, 2017.[4][36] Southbound/eastbound traffic remained on the existing span until October 6, 2017, when it was shifted to the new northbound/westbound span to allow for the completion of the new southbound/eastbound span.[37] The northbound/westbound span of the new Tappan Zee Bridge temporarily carried four lanes in both directions until the new southbound/eastbound span was completed.[38][39]

After some delays, the project was later expected to be completed by June 15, 2018,[38] at a cost of $3.98 billion.[40] However, the scheduled opening was later pushed back to mid-September.[41] The new southbound/eastbound span was supposed to open to traffic on September 8, 2018.[42][43] An opening ceremony was held on that date,[44][45] but the traffic shift itself was delayed when a piece of the old bridge came loose on September 7 while being demolished. The opening of the eastbound span, which was 160 feet (49 m) away from the old bridge, was delayed until the old bridge could be stabilized.[46][47] After the old bridge was stabilized, all lanes were opened on September 11, 2018.[48][49]

The demolition of the old bridge started in November 2017 with the removal of the first steel section from the Rockland County approach. The work continued to April 2018 including the removal of the truss sections. In May 2018, the 10-million-pound main span was removed, leaving only the east and west approaches.[50] The original plan was to complete the remaining demolition by taking down spans piece by piece in order to minimize the environmental impacts. However, when the instability of the eastern span was discovered in September 2018, it was decided to destroy it outright.[47] The explosive demolition of the eastern approach took place on January 15, 2019,[51][52][53] while the western approach was lowered onto a barge on May 12, 2019, and hauled away.[54]

Structural problems

Reports of a coverup of structural problems emerged in December 2018. Dozens of bolts holding the steel girders together had failed, and some bolts broke more than a year after they had been tightened into the plates that hold the girders together. A presentation by a whistleblower included allegations that the bolts had broken due to hydrogen embrittlement, which weakened the metal.[31][55] The number of failed bolts was abnormally high for a project the size of this bridge. Engineering experts warned that the structural problems could compound, causing the girders to fall and the bridge to collapse.[56]

The issue was known as early as February 2016, when New York state officials had begun testing some bolts for breaks.[31] The Attorney General of New York began investigating whether structural problems with the bridge had been covered up in 2017. According to a report in the Times Union, the attorney general's office relied on other investigations of the bridge instead of conducting its own investigations, and the office did not treat the allegations as serious.[56] Third-party consultant Alta Vista conducted its own study, concluding in late 2017 that hydrogen embrittlement was not the cause of the broken bolts.[31]

In March 2021, some records relating to the case were unsealed.[57][58] Following this, U.S. Representative Mondaire Jones, whose district encompasses the bridge, and all Republican members of the New York State Assembly requested that the United States Department of Transportation investigate the allegations of structural deficiencies.[59][60] In response, the Federal Highway Administration issued a statement claiming it had "no safety concerns" with either of the Tappan Zee Bridge's spans.[61][62] In a lawsuit filed that month, a whistleblower claimed that TZC had knowingly delivered many defective high-strength bolts and taken measures to hide evidence of the defects.[63]

Description

The bridge in 2023

The new Tappan Zee Bridge is composed of two cable-stayed decks and has a total length of 16,368 ft (4,989.0 m; 3.1 mi; 5.0 km).[2][53] The main span of both decks is 1,200 ft (370 m) and is approached on either side by 515-foot-long (157 m) side spans.[64][65] Each deck carries four lanes of traffic in one direction, plus inner and outer shoulders.[65] The clearance below is 139 ft (42 m).[3] Upon completion, the new Tappan Zee Bridge became one of the widest cable-stayed bridges in the world, having a combined width across both decks of 183 feet (56 m).[3] The new spans equal the width of the relatively short-span, cable-stayed Leonard Zakim Bridge in Boston.[66] Turkey's 3rd Bosphorus bridge, completed in 2016, has a single deck about 192 feet (59 m) wide. The new Tappan Zee Bridge is intended to last at least 100 years.[21]

Each span contains four cable-stayed towers (two on each side of the Tappan Zee), with eight total across the length of the bridge. The towers are 491 feet (150 m) tall and lean five degrees outward from the vertical axis.[64][67] The towers are constructed of open-box beams, with cross beams linking the towers below each deck.[65] The towers support a total of 192 cable stays,[64][67] which consist of 4,900 miles (7,900 km) of steel strands.[67] The decks of each span are composed of precast concrete panels, connected underneath by "edge girders" running parallel to the edges of each deck, as well as floor beams running perpendicularly to the deck. The cable stays are anchored to the outer faces of the edge girders underneath each span.[65] The bridge is supported by 1,250 girders, each measuring up to 120 feet (37 m) long and 12 feet (3.7 m) high. They are secured to splice plates by about 500 bolts.[56]

Bicycle-pedestrian path

The north span has a bicycle and pedestrian path, which opened on June 15, 2020. This path connects the towns of Tarrytown and South Nyack and measures 3.6 miles (5.8 km) in length. It has visitor centers at each end, named after the counties of Rockland and Westchester. Both of these contain restrooms, brochures, and interactive displays. The Westchester visitor center also has vendors that operate daily. The path is split into two lanes with bikes on the east and pedestrians on the west. The path has six scenic overlooks known as "belvederes." Each belvedere is named after a local point of interest and provides Wi-Fi, a seating area, bike racks (on most), informational kiosks, and trash cans. The path also contains LED displays for warning messages.[68][69]

Lighting

The bridge is equipped with LEDs for the roadways and structures. The lights can be changed to a variety of colors for decorative purposes on major holidays such as Memorial Day and Christmas, traditional dates such as Mother's Day, Father's Day and St. Patrick's Day, and special commemorations throughout the year. The lighting system reportedly has the ability to be synced to music, although it has yet to be demonstrated.[70]

Tolls

The Tappan Zee Bridge charges tolls in the Westchester southbound/eastbound direction only. On weekdays, tolls are variable based on the New York State Thruway's vehicle classification system and the time of day, and are collected using a cashless toll system. On weekends, each vehicle class pays a flat rate. E-ZPass users pay the lowest rate possible, the rate normally charged from 12:00 midnight to 6:14 a.m., while other users are charged using the highest rate possible, the rate normally charged from 7:00 a.m. to 8:59 a.m. Class 2L vehicles, which have a height of less than 7.5 feet (2.3 m) and contain two axles, pay a flat rate of $7.48 at all times, $5.75 with a New York-issued E-ZPass, or $6.61 with an out-of-state E-ZPass.[5]

Public transportation

The Hudson Link BRT[71] runs the HO3, HO5, HO7, and HO7X across the bridge. In the summer months Hudson Link also runs free shuttle buses on the route of the HO7 bus.[72] Responding to widespread concerns about the lack of new public transit services, bridge planners agreed only to build one "dedicated express bus lane" in each direction for use during rush hour.[73] Construction on the new bridge's bus lanes finished in 2020, leaving one bus lane in each direction.[1] The bridge was also structurally built for expansion with commuter rail at a later date. The existing Tarrytown station of the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line is located about 2,000 feet (610 m) from the new bridge's eastern landing.

Naming

During construction, the project's website referred to the crossing as the "New NY Bridge."[74] However, other sources referred to it as the "New Tappan Zee Bridge".[75][76] Governor Andrew Cuomo signed a bill to name the bridge after his late father, former Governor Mario Cuomo, on June 29, 2017.[77] This has been met with significant opposition from residents of nearby localities, largely due to the fact the new name did not include "Tappan Zee" like its predecessor; this name has been viewed as an homage to the Tappan tribe that inhabited the area as well as Dutch settlers who arrived during the 17th century.[78][79][80][81] Many, including the daughter of former New York Governor Malcolm Wilson (whose name was on the original Tappan Zee Bridge), were vocal in their opposition to the name.[82][83] A Reclaim New York Initiative poll of Rockland and Westchester county residents found only 14.7% of respondents supported the new name.[84][85] As of November 29, 2017, over 100,000 people had signed a Change.org petition called "Return the Cuomo Bridge its original name: The Tappan Zee. That bridge is our history."[86][87] Despite the official name, "Tappan Zee Bridge" remains a common name for the structure.[88]

Lawmakers have proposed several bills to rename the bridge.[89] On December 6, 2017, State Assemblyman Kevin Byrne, a Republican from Mahopac in Putnam County, announced that he would introduce legislation to change the name of the bridge to the "Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge."[90] The old Tappan Zee Bridge had been named for Wilson from 1994 to October 2017.[91] A compromise bill to rename the bridge the "Governor Mario M. Cuomo Tappan Zee Bridge" was later introduced and sponsored by both Senate Deputy Majority Leader John DeFrancisco, Republican of Upstate New York, as well as Assemblyman Byrne. On June 20, 2018, the State Senate voted 40–20 in favor of renaming the bridge. However, the effort failed after the Assembly's legislative session ended without the bill being put to a vote.[92]

After Cuomo's resignation in August 2021, another bill to change the official name to "Tappan Zee Bridge" was proposed in the New York state legislature.[93][94] In February 2023, state senator James Skoufis sponsored another bill to change the official name of the bridge to the "Tappan Zee Bridge," becoming the first Democrat to sponsor such legislation.[95][96]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "FAQs". New NY Bridge.
  2. 1 2 3 "About the Project". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. 2013. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 "Design Features". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  4. 1 2 "Opening day on new Tappan Zee Bridge shows sleek design, new features". Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  5. 1 2 "Incentive Pricing Toll Schedules - Cashless Tolling". New York State Thruway. November 7, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  6. ↑ Vergari, Mark (September 7, 2018). "Photos: Governor Mario M. Cuomo bridge second span ceremony". Lohud. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
  7. ↑ Melvin, Tessa (August 21, 1994). "If You're Thinking of Living in Tarrytown; Rich History, Picturesque River Setting". The New York Times. Retrieved December 30, 2007. The Dutch called this point, the river's widest, the Tappan Zee – Tappan probably for a group of Indians and Zee meaning "sea" in Dutch.
  8. ↑ "Thruway Fact Book" (PDF). New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  9. ↑ "The Thruway Bridge Opens". The New York Times. December 15, 1955. p. 36. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  10. ↑ "Tappan Zee Bridge 1955: Best, Longest, Safest". nyacknewsandviews. March 16, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
  11. 1 2 McGeehan, Patrick (January 17, 2006). "A Bridge That Has Nowhere Left to Go". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  12. ↑ "About the Project". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018. Why Replace the Tappan Zee Bridge? The Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge opened to traffic in 1955 and, until its retirement on October 6, 2017, was a vital artery for residents, commuters, travelers and commercial traffic. Bridge traffic grew to about 140,000 vehicles per day in 2016, far more than the Tappan Zee was designed to support. Heavy traffic, narrow lanes and the lack of emergency shoulders had the potential to create unsafe driving conditions. As a result, the bridge had twice the average accident rate per mile as the rest of the 570-mile Thruway system. Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent to maintain the structure in recent years, and the cost of maintaining it for the foreseeable future rivaled the cost of the new bridge, with no improvements to current traffic conditions. The New York State Thruway Authority retired the bridge on Oct. 6, 2017, after nearly 62 years of service.
  13. ↑ "Tappan Zee Bridge has received 'poor' ratings". Poughkeepsie Journal. Gannett News Service. August 3, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
  14. ↑ Thruway Authority; MTA Metro-North Railroad (June 2003). "Long List of Level 1 Alternatives". Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement. New York State. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
  15. ↑ Zhao, Yilu (July 24, 2003). "From 156 Options, Down to 15 Ways to Go on Tappan Zee". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
  16. ↑ Department of Transportation; Thruway Authority; MTA Metro-North Railroad (January 2006). "Alternatives Analysis Report, Level 2". Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement. New York State. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
  17. 1 2 US Federal Highway Administration (October 13, 2011). "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing Project Scoping Information Packet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Tappan Zee Bridge Project Enters Next Phase, Request for Proposal is Released" (Press release). New York State. March 16, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  19. 1 2 "New NY Bridge Project to Replace Tappan Zee, Gets Final Contract Approval".
  20. ↑ "Cheapest Proposal Chosen for the New Tappan Zee Bridge". Curbed New York. December 17, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  21. 1 2 "NY proposes steep toll increases for new Tappan Zee bridge". Reuters. August 4, 2012.
  22. ↑ "Tappan Zee tolls frozen until 2020". News 12 Westchester. News 12 Networks. April 7, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  23. ↑ Plotch, Philip Mark. Politics Across the Hudson: The Tappan Zee Megaproject. Rutgers University Press, New Jersey (2015). p. 165-168
  24. ↑ Bloomberg Businessweek, September 25, 2012
  25. ↑ "New York State Advances $3.1 Billion Plan To Replace Tappan Zee Bridge". CBS News New York. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  26. ↑ Mary Scott Nabers (February 12, 2016). "From Tappan Zee to Javits, how Cuomo's plans boost public-private partnerships". New York Business Journal. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  27. ↑ "Governor Cuomo Announces Beginning of Formal Construction of the New NY Bridge to Replace Tappan Zee". Office of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo. September 28, 2014. Archived from the original on August 29, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  28. ↑ "New Tappan Zee construction starts". New York Post. Associated Press. October 16, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  29. ↑ Haughney, Christine (October 11, 2011). "U.S. Says It Will Expedite Approval to Replace Deteriorating Tappan Zee Bridge". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2011. The state will pay for the project by issuing $3 billion in bonds against its toll revenues; the remaining $2.2 billion will be financed with loans from labor pension funds and the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act.
  30. ↑ "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing". October 2014.
  31. 1 2 3 4 Goldmacher, Shane (December 14, 2018). "Attorney General Investigating Broken Bolts on Mario Cuomo Bridge". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  32. ↑ "Hudson River PCB Dredging Project". Hudsondredging.com. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
  33. ↑ "Crane collapse on Tappan Zee Bridge injures at least 5; all lanes closed in both directions". NY Daily News. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  34. ↑ "Four Hurt When Crane collapses onto Tappan Zee Bridge". NY Post. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  35. ↑ "About the project". New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  36. ↑ "Watch drone video of New York's new Tappan Zee Bridge". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  37. ↑ "Rockland-bound traffic to begin traveling on new Tappan Zee Bridge". ABC7 New York. August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  38. 1 2 DeWitt, Scott Willis, Karen. "Gov. Cuomo Opens Thruway Bridge Across the Hudson Amid Questions About Tolls".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ↑ Coyne, Matt (January 19, 2018). "Cold weather halts work on Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge until March". lohoud. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  40. ↑ "About". The New NY Bridge Project. October 12, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  41. ↑ McKinney, Michael P. (August 28, 2018). "Westchester-bound span of Cuomo bridge should be finished in mid-September: Governor". The Journal News. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  42. ↑ "Cuomo Bridge second span will open Saturday, enhanced bus service to start Oct. 29". The Journal News. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  43. ↑ "Here's New Tappan Zee Bridge Traffic Shift Info, Timing For Second Span Opening". Greenburgh Daily Voice. January 27, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  44. ↑ "An 'Inappropriate' Mailer and a Delayed Bridge Opening Put Cuomo on the Defensive". The New York Times. September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  45. ↑ Vielkind, Jimmy (September 7, 2018). "A bridge for Mario Cuomo, dedicated with love". Politico PRO. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  46. ↑ "'Potentially Dangerous Situation' on Tappan Zee Delays Opening of New Cuomo Bridge Span". The New York Times. September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  47. 1 2 Mays, Jeffery C. (January 5, 2019). "Explosives to Be Used in the Demolition of a Tappan Zee Bridge Span". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  48. ↑ "Mario Cuomo Bridge: New opening date set; contractors deem Tappan Zee Bridge 'stable'". lohud.com. September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  49. ↑ Coyne, Matt (September 11, 2018). "Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge's second span opens to traffic". Journal News. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  50. ↑ Coyne, Matt (September 7, 2018). "Tappan Zee Bridge demolition timeline". The Journal News. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  51. ↑ "Photos: Tappan Zee Bridge demolition". The Journal News. January 15, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  52. ↑ "Farewell to Thee, Our Old Tappan Zee! Bridge Demolished With Explosives". NBC New York 4. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  53. 1 2 "Old Tappan Zee Bridge plunges into the Hudson River in spectacular controlled explosion". ABC News. January 15, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  54. ↑ "Tappan Zee: Final section of bridge is removed". Lohoud. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  55. ↑ Jonathan Dienst, Jaxon Van Derbeken; Paredes, David (December 13, 2018). "I-Team: Whistleblower Alleges Cover-up of Past Bolt Failures on New Cuomo Bridge". NBC New York. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  56. 1 2 3 Lyons, Brendan J. (August 12, 2021). "Structural problems on Mario Cuomo bridge were covered up". Times Union. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  57. ↑ Lyons, Brendan (March 7, 2021). "Broken bolts: Structural problems on the Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge were covered up". Times Union. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  58. ↑ Lahut, Jake (March 9, 2021). "Andrew Cuomo has a new scandal, and it's the 'structural safety' of a bridge named after his father". Business Insider. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  59. ↑ Berger, Paul (March 15, 2021). "Congressman Urges Safety Probe of Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  60. ↑ Arbetter, Susan (March 10, 2021). "Republicans Want Investigation Into Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge". spectrumlocalnews.com. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  61. ↑ Taliaferro, Lanning (March 23, 2021). "Cuomo Bridge Is Safe: Federal Highway Administration". Nyack-Piermont, NY Patch. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  62. ↑ "Federal Highway Administration Vouches for Cuomo Bridge Safety". The Hudson Indy Westchester's Rivertowns News - (in Croatian). March 23, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  63. ↑ "Unsealed records allege a cover up of safety concerns on Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge". WRGB. March 28, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  64. 1 2 3 Fries, Brianna (January 7, 2019). "The Mario M. Cuomo Bridge Provides New Infrastructure and Artistic Architecture to Community". American Infrastructure. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  65. 1 2 3 4 "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing". STRUCTURE magazine. November 5, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  66. ↑ Massachusetts Department of Transportation. "MassDOT — The Big Dig — Tunnels and Bridges — The Cable-stayed Bridge". Retrieved April 5, 2014. Girders, floor beams and two planes of cables support the bridge's 745-foot-long, 183-foot-wide main span.
  67. 1 2 3 Cho, Aileen (September 13, 2018). "New York's Old Tappan Zee Bridge Won't Go Out Quietly". Engineering News-Record. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  68. ↑ Keane, Isabel (June 16, 2020). "Cuomo: Bike-pedestrian bridge path opens as 'home run' for region". Lohud.com. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  69. ↑ "Westchester Landing Path Vendor Schedule". Gov. Mario Cuomo M. Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. July 15, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
  70. ↑ Esposito, Frank. "Why do Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge lights change colors for special occasions, holidays". Lohud.com. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  71. ↑ "Hudson Link map of Rockland and Westchester County" (PDF). Hudson Link. New York State Department of Transportation. October 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
  72. ↑ "Bus Service to the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge Path". Hudson Link. New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
  73. ↑ Nicosia, Mareesa (August 15, 2012). "New Tappan Zee Bridge: Nyack residents voice traffic, noise, toll concerns". The Journal News. Westchester & Rockland Counties, New York. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2012. [E]ight general-purpose lanes would be flanked on each side by wide shoulders, which would allow emergency vehicles to pass traffic. One-shoulder on each side of the bridge would serve as a dedicated express bus lane.
  74. ↑ "The New NY Bridge Project". www.newnybridge.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  75. ↑ "New Tappan Zee Bridge to Open Westbound Side Aug 25, 2017 - Visit Nyack". August 22, 2017.
  76. ↑ "Views From the New Tappan Zee Bridge".
  77. ↑ Berger, Joseph (August 24, 2017). "Bridge of Grand Ambitions Is Set to Open at the Tappan Zee". The New York Times.
  78. ↑ Woyton, Michael (June 12, 2018). "Petition Asking For Bridge Name Change Delivered To Albany". Patch.com. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  79. ↑ Conley, Kirstan; Musumeci, Natalie (November 13, 2017). "Thousands sign petition to change Cuomo Bridge back to Tappan Zee". New York Post.
  80. ↑ Fink, Zack. "Petition calls for Mario Cuomo Bridge to return to old name". NY1. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  81. ↑ "Fight over bridge name: Is it the Tappan Zee or Mario Cuomo?". News12.com. News 12 Networks. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  82. ↑ Campbell, Jon (June 22, 2017). "Daughter wants to keep Malcolm Wilson's name on Tappan Zee Bridge". Coloradoan. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  83. ↑ Wilson, David McKay (November 23, 2017). "Cuomo Bridge name opposition grows: Tax Watch". The Journal News. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
  84. ↑ "Poll: Downstate residents dislike naming Tappan Zee bridge for Mario Cuomo". Capitol Confidential. July 11, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  85. ↑ "Tappan Zee Bridge gets new name: The Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge". Lohud/The Journal News. June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
  86. ↑ "Petition drive to change Gov. Mario Cuomo Bridge back to the Tappan Zee". WABC-TV. November 14, 2017.
  87. ↑ Conley, Kirstan; Musumeci, Natalie (November 13, 2017). "Thousands sign petition to change Cuomo Bridge back to Tappan Zee". New York Post. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  88. ↑ "NY Has to Replace New Bridge Signs". August 15, 2019.
  89. ↑ "Everyone Still Mad About Bridge Andrew M. Cuomo Named the Mario M. Cuomo Bridge". March 23, 2022.
  90. ↑ Wilson, David McKay (December 6, 2017). "Tax Watch: Lawmaker plans bill to rename Cuomo Bridge as Tappan Zee Bridge". The Journal News. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
  91. ↑ "Daughter wants to keep Malcolm Wilson's name on Tappan Zee Bridge". Lohud. June 22, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  92. ↑ "Push to restore Tappan Zee Bridge name comes up short in Albany". The Journal News. June 21, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  93. ↑ Baquero, Lynda (August 13, 2021). "Bring Back The Tappan Zee? Legislation Aims to Scrap Cuomo Name from NY Bridge". NBC New York. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  94. ↑ "Push to change Governor Mario Cuomo Bridge, back to Tappan Zee Bridge". ABC7 New York. August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  95. ↑ Tlaige, Amal (February 20, 2023). "Mario M. Cuomo Bridge could face name change". WTEN. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  96. ↑ Kramer, Marcia (February 21, 2023). "Powerful sponsor comes up with new bill to change name of Gov. Mario Cuomo Bridge back to Tappan Zee". CBS News. Retrieved February 22, 2023.

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