Maria Kalesnikava
Марыя Калеснікава
Мария Колесникова
Kalesnikava in 2020
Born (1982-04-24) 24 April 1982
Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union
(now Minsk, Belarus)
Alma materBelarusian State Academy of Music
State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart
Occupation(s)Flutist, political activist, conductor, music teacher

Maria Kalesnikava[lower-alpha 1] (Marya Alyaksandrauna Kalesnikava,[lower-alpha 2] Belarusian: Марыя Аляксандраўна Калеснікава, IPA: [maˈrɨja alʲakˈsandrawna kaˈlʲɛsʲnʲikava]; Maria Aleksandrovna Kolesnikova, Russian: Мария Александровна Колесникова, IPA: [mɐˈrʲijə ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvnə kɐˈlʲesʲnʲɪkəvə]; born 24 April 1982) is a Belarusian professional flautist and political activist. In 2020, she headed Viktor Babariko's electoral campaign during presidential elections of 2020 in Belarus.[1] Kalesnikava represented the united campaign of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, then she became a member of the presidium of the Coordination Council formed during the 2020 Belarusian protests in opposition to the regime of Alexander Lukashenko.[2] She is also a founder of the 'Razam' political party.

Kolesnikova was kidnapped by unidentified law enforcement officers on 7 September 2020. Early in the morning of 8 September 2020, she was by force taken to the Ukraine country border. Kolesnikova was intimidated and pressured to leave the country, but while being on neutral ground she got off the car from the rear window, tore her local passport to pieces and went back on foot. On Belarusian territory she was arrested immediately. On the next day, Maxim Znak, Kolesnikova's attorney, was also detained.

On 11 September 2020, Amnesty International recognized Kalesnikava as a prisoner of conscience.[3] She was awarded the International Women of Courage Award in 2021.[4]

On 6 September 2021, Kalesnikava was sentenced to 11 years in a penal colony for her political activity.[5][6]

Early life and musical career

Kalesnikava was born on 24 April 1982 in Minsk to a family of engineers. She has one sibling, a sister named Tatiana Khomich.[7] According to Tatiana, their parents were deeply fond of music. They inspired interest in it in their daughters and in a certain way influenced Maria's choice of profession.[8][9] Maria studied in a music school, then graduated from the Belarusian State Academy of Music as a flutist and conductor.[10][11]

At the age of 17, Kalesnikava started teaching the flute at a private gymnasium school in Minsk. She also played the flute at the National Academic Concert Orchestra of the Republic of Belarus under the direction of Mikhail Finberg.[7][12] She played on tours across Italy, Poland, and Lithuania.[11]

At the age of 25, she moved to Germany and enrolled to the State University of Music and Performing Arts in Stuttgart. She got two master's degrees, one in Early Music, and another in Neue Musik in 2012.[13][14][11]

In the 2010s, Kalesnikava performed at concerts and was actively involved in organizing international cultural projects in Belarus and Germany,[15][16] for instance, she was one of the creators of 'Eclat' music festival.[17] Her other projects included 'Music and the Holocaust', school programm 'Orchestra of Robots', and a series of lectures under the title "Music Lessons for Adults".[18][19]

In 2017, Maria participated in one of the first TEDxNiamiha conferences in Belarus.[8] She took part in creation of the 'Artemp' art community that hosted contemporary art events.[20] In the same year, she became the art director of the 'OK16' culture centre in Minsk.[11][8]

Political activity

In May 2020, Kalesnikava became the head of Viktar Babaryka's presidential campaign, who was Alexander Lukashenko's greatest independent competitor at the 2020 Belarusian presidential election. When Babaryka was refused registration and detained,[21][22][23] on 16 July 2020, Kalesnikova and representatives of two other independent candidates' campaigns — Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya (wife of Sergei Tikhanovsky) and Veronika Tsepkalo (wife of Valery Tsepkalo) — announced creation of triple alliance.[24][25][26] Tsikhanouskaya became their mutual candidate, she gained wide support across the country.[27] When Lukashenko declared himself a winner with 80,1% of votes,[28] the opposition refused to acknowledge the results and accused Lukashenko of massive falsifications.[29][30] USA, Great Britain, Canada and 8 EU countries refused to acknowledge the election's results as legitimate.[31] The street protests and meetings emerged across the country, demanding re-election and Lukashenko's dismissal.,[32] brutally put down by law enforcement[33][34][35]

Kalesnikava in her interviews always emphasized that she wasn't any kind of 'protest leader' and never took part in the meetings' organization. In that time Belarusian opposition pursued the idea that all citizens were protest leaders and everyone was responsible for his country's future.[36][37] She visited protest meetings as a private person, via mass media she asked both citizens and law enforcement to preserve peace.[38][39][40]

On 18 August 2020, Kalesnikava joined the 7-member presidium of Coordination Council.[41][42] On 19 August, she was selected as one of the main board members.[43][44][45]

By mid-August Tikhanovskaya and Tsepkalo were forced by authorities to leave the country.[46][47] Meanwhile, Kolesnikova stated to the media that she by no means would leave Belarus because she felt it was deeply personal not to flee while her colleagues and friends were jailed under unlawful charges.[8][48]

On 31 August 2020, Kalesnikova announced the start of a new political party 'Razam' that she intended to make a democratic tool to protect human rights in the country.[49][50]

Arrest and repressions

On 7 September 2020, Belarusian media published the news that Kalesnikava was kidnapped in the center of Minsk. Her friends and colleagues could not reach her by phone. Later, witnesses stated that a woman was forcibly put into a black minivan by some unknown men in civilian clothes with covered faces.[51] In the morning of 8 September 2020, the news was published that the authorities tried to deport Maria against her will, she was taken to the Alexandrovka border crossing with Ukraine. Later, Ukrainian Deputy Interior Minister Anton Gerashchenko wrote on his Facebook page, "This was not a voluntary departure. This was a forced deportation from his native country".[52] The State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus reported that at 4 a.m. she left Belarus together with Ivan Kravtsov and Anton Rodnenkov passed the border control and headed towards Ukraine.[53] State-controlled TV-channels put around the story that Kalesnikava was detained at the border cross when trying to leave the country and move to her sister in Ukraine.[54] In fact, as confirmed by the witnesses Rodnenkov and Kravtsov, in the neutral zone Kalesnikava managed to escape through the rear window of the car where she was kept, tore her passport to pieces, then headed back to Belarusian border.[55][56][57][58] There she was immediately arrested.[52] Following these news, Bundestag vice-chairman Klaudia Roth promised to patronage Kalesnikava and help her via Libereco organization.[59]

On 9 September 2020, Kalesnikava's colleague in Coordination Council, lawyer Maxim Znak was also arrested.[60] On the same day, Kalesnikava's father, Alexander Kolesnikov, was notified by the police that she had been jailed at a detention centre in Minsk.[61][62][63][64] Through her lawyers, Maria appealed to the State Investigative Committee with the complaint that KGB and GUBOPiK officers threatened to kill her, they put a sack on her head and promised 'to deport her whether in one piece or in many pieces'.[65][66] Deputy Head of Department of Home Affairs Gennadiy Kazakevich personally told Kalesnikava that She will be in prison without teeth for 25 years to sew clothes for the security forces.[67]

On 10 September 2020, twelve organizations, including the Viasna Human Rights Centre, the Belarusian Association of Journalists, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee, the Belarusian PEN Center, released a joint statement naming Kalesnikava as a political prisoner.[68][69] On 11 September 2020, Amnesty International recognized Kalesnikava as a prisoner of conscience.[70]

On 20 August, Alexander Konyuk, the Prosecutor General of Belarus, initiated criminal proceedings against the members of the Coordination Council under Article 361 of the Belarusian Criminal Code, on the grounds of attempting to seize state power and harming national security.[71][72]

On 12 September, Kalesnikava was transferred from Minsk to prison № 8 in Zhodino.[73] On 16 September, the Investigative Committee of Belarus charged Kalesnikava with "actions aimed at undermining Belarusian national security" using the media and the Internet.[74]

On 10 October 2020, Kalesnikava's attorney Aliaksandar Pylchanka announced that Lukashenko requested a meeting with her to discuss changes to the Constitution, to which she refused in an expression of solidarity with other imprisoned dissidents.[75] On 8 November 2020, the press office of the Babaryka campaign announced that investigators had extended Kalesnikava's detention until 8 January 2021.[76]

On 6 January 2021, the Coordination Council announced that investigators had extended Kalesnikava's pre-trial detention until 8 March.[77][78] She was transferred back to Minsk.[79] In the end of the month, on 27 January, the Investigative Committee refused to open a criminal case against law enforcement officers who threatened to kill her.[66]

On 12 February, Kalesnikava and Maxim Znak were charged with "conspiracy to seize state power in an unconstitutional manner" and "establishing and leading an extremist organization".[80] Her attorney Liudmila Kazak was stripped of her license to practice law on 19 February by the Belarus Ministry of Justice.[81] On 9 March 2021, Viktar Babaryko's social media reported that Kalesnikava's pre-trial detention had been extended through 8 May.[82] Her attorney Illia Salei is under house arrest through 16 April.[83] Final charges in May 2021 included three articles of the State Criminal Code.[84][85][86] The defence refused all accusations and demanded to drop all charges due to absence of the event of a crime.[87] The investigation and the trial were held behind closed doors, the accused were prohibited to study the case files.[88][89]

For a year, in detention, Kalesnikava was denied visitors and couldn't meet her father.[90] According to Tatiana Kalesnikava, Maria wrote more than 150 letters per month while jailed, while no more than 20 were received by the addressees. The correspondences sent to her were heavily censored, as Kalesnikava received no more than 5% of letters written to her. She also was prohibited from getting a flute. A year without practice could forever ruin her mastery as a musician.[89]

Sentence

Starting 4 August 2021, after almost 11 months in custody, Kalesnikava and Maxim Znak stood trial behind closed doors in the Minsk Regional Court. The prosecutor demanded 12 years in prison for both of them. Maria pleaded not guilty and called any charges against herself and Znak 'absurd'. Throughout the investigation and trial, the details of the charges were not publicly disclosed. The attorneys of Kalesnikava and Znak were under a nondisclosure agreement.[91][92][93] Though the authorities promised to make the proceedings public, in fact the courtroom was filled with some strangers, foreign ambassadors who wanted to support Kalesnikava and Znak weren't allowed inside.[94]

On 6 September 2021, Kalesnikava was sentenced to 11 years in prison.[95] She is serving her sentence in penal colony no. 4 (Russian: ИК №4) in Gomel.[96] Both she and Znak refused to request for pardon because they believed they were innocent. They planned to appeal to a higher court.[97]

In a written interview, Kalesnikava told the media that in jail she was offered many times to make a movie 'Protasevich-like' with confessions and to admit guilt for her actions.[98] In her first interview after the sentence, given by phone to BBC journalist Sara Rainsford, Kolesnikova complained that in prison 'everyone smokes everywhere', and the prolonged passive smoking will forever ruin her chances to come back as a professional flutist. However, she says she regrets nothing and believes that the protests of 2020 were the beginning of a new era in the country.[99][100] According to Kalesnikava, triumph of democracy in Belarus is only a matter of time.[101]

On 29 November 2022, Kalesnikava was hospitalized in critical condition. As stated by Babariko's press service, she was put in a punitive isolation cell no later than 22 November.[102] In Homel hospital she was diagnosed with perforated ulcer and had urgent surgery. As mentioned by Maria's sister, she never had any problems with GI tract before prison. In isolation cell she was denied visits of her lawyer, had faints and hypertension. Only in hospital she was allowed a 10-minutes visit of her father, with three law enforcement officers present.[103] On 9 December 2022, one of Kalesnikava's lawyers Vladimir Pulchenko was disbarred.[103]

Reactions to Kalesnikava arrest

Human rights activists and international community condemn Kalesnikava's sentence, the case is unanimously considered to be fabricated.[104][105] The sentence is repressive and made as Lukashenko's political revenge.[106][107]

  • European Union The European Commission condemned the 7 September arrest, describing it as unacceptable.[108]
  • Germany Germany demanded clarity on Kalesnikava's whereabouts and called for the release of all political prisoners in Belarus.[109]
  • Lithuania Lithuania called Kalesnikava's abduction a disgrace, comparing it to something that Stalin-era secret police would have done, and demanded her immediate release.[110]
  • Poland Poland denounced Kalesnikava's abduction as contemptible and called on immediate release of all political prisoners in Belarus.[111][112]
  • United Kingdom The United Kingdom expressed serious concern for Kalesnikava's welfare and said that her release must be given the highest priority.[113]
  • United States The United States expressed concern about the attempt to expel Kalesnikava by the Belarusian authorities.[114]
  • Amnesty International recognized Kalesnikava as a prisoner of conscience and demanded her immediate release.[115]
  • Kosovo Kosovo's speaker of the Assembly, Vjosa Osmani, along with 9 other members of the parliament, signed a letter demanding the immediate release of Kalesnikava.[116][117]

Awards

Notes

  1. ↑ This is the name she chose to be identified with. Note that the first name (Maria) is Russian, and the surname (Kalesnikava) is Belarusian. It is unknown whether she prefers the Russian patronymic (Aleksandrovna) or one of the two Belarusian patronymics (Alyaksandrauna and Alaksandraŭna).
  2. ↑ Also Maryja Alaksandraŭna Kalesnikava in the Belarusian Latin alphabet.

References

  1. ↑ "Belarusian opposition leader Maria Kalesnikava: 'The international community should not stand aside'". atlanticcouncil.org. 22 August 2020.
  2. ↑ "Сябры Каардынацыйнай Рады" [Members of the Coordinating Council]. rada.vision (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  3. ↑ "Заявление. Беларусь: "Похищают лучших из нас". Произвольные аресты и принудительные высылки из страны ведущих оппозиционеров". eurasia.amnesty.org (in Russian). 11 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  4. ↑ "2021 International Women of Courage Award Recipients Announced". US Department of State. 4 March 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  5. ↑ "Belarus opposition leader jailed in Lukashenko 'purge'". The Guardian. 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  6. ↑ "Belarusian opposition leader smiles as she is sentenced to 11 years in prison for challenging Lukashenko". The Telegraph. 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  7. 1 2 "Мария Колесникова рассказала о советах Алексиевич, об истории лозунгов кампании и совместном шопинге с Цепкало и Тихановской" [Maria Kalesnikava on Advice of Alekseevich, Campaign Slogans and Shopping with Tsepkalo and Tikhanovskaya]. Nasha Niva (in Russian). 4 August 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Женщина в оркестре. Как Мария Колесникова стала лидером белорусского протеста" [Woman from Orchestra: How Maria Kalesnikava Became Leader of Belarusian Protests] (in Russian). BBC. 17 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  9. ↑ ""Маша – крепкий орешек, и всегда была такой". Сестра Марии Колесниковой рассказывает о ее семье, характере и взглядах" ["Maria is a Tough Nut, She Always Was": Tatiana Kalesnikava on Her Family, Character and Opinions]. Nastoyashee Vremya (in Russian). 10 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  10. ↑ Soŭś, Hanna (4 August 2020). "Марыя Калесьнікава пра мову, гвалт, шопінг утрох і парады Алексіевіч". Радыё Свабода (in Belarusian). Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Кто такая Мария Колесникова: флейтистка, арт-директор, глава штаба Бабарико" [Who is Maria Kalesnikava: Flutist, Art Director, Head of Babariko Campaign] (in Russian). Office Life. 4 August 2021. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  12. ↑ "Мария против Лукашенко: как флейтистка Колесникова возглавила оппозицию" [Maria vs Lukashenko: How Flutist Became Leader of Opposition] (in Russian). Moskovskij Komsomolets. 5 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  13. ↑ "Maria Kalesnikava : TRIO vis-à-vis". triovisavis.com (in German). Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  14. ↑ "Немецкая коллега о Колесниковой: Политик был в ней всегда" [German Colleague about Kalesnikava: She Always Was a Politician] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 5 August 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  15. ↑ "Музыкант и серфингист. Кто такая Мария Колесникова — представитель штаба Виктора Бабарико" [Musician and Surfer: Who is Maria Kalesnikava]. TUT.BY (in Russian). 20 July 2020. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  16. ↑ "Кто такая Мария Колесникова — представитель штаба Виктора Бабарико. Что о ней известно?" [Who Is Maria Kalesnikava — Representative of Babariko's Campaign. What Do We Know About Her?]. belaruspartisan.by (in Russian). Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  17. ↑ "Испорченный паспорт из Беларуси – в немецком городе Марии Колесниковой" [Torn Belarusian Passport in Kalesnikava's German City] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 5 February 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  18. ↑ "Ноты для Марии Колесниковой" [Printed Music for Kalesnikava] (in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. 6 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  19. ↑ "Gismart будет обучать школьников программировать роботов-музыкантов" [Gismart Launches Educational Course for School: Students will Programm Robots-Musicians] (in Russian). Dev.by. 4 June 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  20. ↑ "Гульня ў класіку – інтэрв'ю з Марыяй Калеснікавай". 34mag.net. 21 December 2017.
  21. ↑ Демидова, О. (14 July 2020). "ЦИК Беларуси не зарегистрировал Виктора Бабарико кандидатом в президенты" (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  22. ↑ "В Минске задержан главный оппонент Лукашенко Что стало причиной и помешает ли это его участию в кампании" (in Russian). РБК. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  23. ↑ "Бывший кандидат в президенты Беларуси Виктор Бабарико выступил в суде с последним словом" (in Russian). BBC. 28 June 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  24. ↑ "Время женщин" [Time for Women]. Novayagazeta.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  25. ↑ "Белорусская оппозиция заключила тройственный союз" [Triple Alliance of Belarusian Opposition]. Kommersant. 16 July 2020.
  26. ↑ "В Беларуси оппозиционные кандидаты объединились против Лукашенко" [Opposition Unites Against Lukashenko]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Russian). Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  27. ↑ "Белорусское чудо – объединение штабов. Что было год назад и что будет дальше" [Belarusian Miracle: Triple Alliance of Opposition. What We Had Last Year and What Future Holds] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 16 July 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  28. ↑ "Лукашенко опроверг фальсификации на выборах" [Lukashenko Denies Falsifications Accusations] (in Russian). Izvestiya. 16 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  29. ↑ ""Люди не проглотят нарисованную победу Лукашенко"" [No One Believes He Won] (in Russian). Meduza. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  30. ↑ "Сколько голосов могла в реальности набрать Светлана Тихановская" [Estimate of Votes for Tsikhanouskaya] (in Russian). Vedomosti. 17 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  31. ↑ "Госдепартамент США заявил о непризнании Лукашенко законным президентом" [US State Department Refuses to Acknowledge Lukashenko as Elected President] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  32. ↑ Kozenko, A. (9 August 2021). "Революция несбывшихся надежд" [Revolution of Failed Dreams]. BBC Russia. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
  33. ↑ "Протесты в Белоруссии после выборов президента" [Belarusian Protests After Presidential Elections] (in Russian). Kommersant. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  34. ↑ Perova, A. "Вы видели этого человека? Запускаем сервис для поиска пропавших после акций" [Did You See This Person? New Service to Find Missing People]. TUT.BY (in Russian). Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  35. ↑ Shumanskaya, O. (17 August 2020). "Поисковый отряд: "Каждый день поступают сотни звонков о пропавших без вести. Раньше был один-два звонка в день"" [Search Volunteers: 'More than 100 calls about missing people, usually we have 1–2 per day']. Komsomolskaya Pravda (in Russian). Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  36. ↑ Azar, I. (23 August 2020). ""Я каждое утро беру лопату и копаю"" ['Every Morning I Get Up and Start Digging'] (in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  37. ↑ ""Сцена большая, места хватит всем". Мария Колесникова – о том, будет ли она новым лидером протеста в Беларуси" ['The Stage is Big, Everyone Can Get His Part'. Maria Kalesnikava Tells What She Thinks About Being Protests' Leader] (in Russian). Nastoyashee Vremya. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  38. ↑ "Протесты в Беларуси, дни 3—5" [Protests in Belarus, days 3–5] (in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. 11 August 2020. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  39. ↑ "Колесникова призвала белорусов сохранять мирный характер протестов" [Kalesnikava Asks People to Preserve Peace] (in Russian). Interfax. 22 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  40. ↑ Shuvaev, E. (16 August 2020). "Соратница Тихановской Мария Колесникова приехала на митинг оппозиции в Минске" [Tikhanovskaya's Supporter Maria Kalesnikava Joins Opposition Meeting in Minsk]. Izvestiya (in Russian). Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  41. ↑ "В основной состав Координационного совета белорусской оппозиции вошли 70 человек". Tacc. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  42. ↑ Dobysh, A. (18 August 2020). "Прошла первая пресс-конференция Координационного совета: "Светлана Тихановская планирует вернуться в Беларусь"" [Coordination Council to Give First Press-Conference: 'Tikhanovskaya Plans to Come Back to Belarus']. Komsomolskaya Pravda. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  43. ↑ "Мария Колесникова — РБК: "Белорусы ощутили силу самим разобраться"" [Kalesnikava — 'Belarusians Feel They Can Handle It'] (in Russian). RBC. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  44. ↑ "Оппозиция Белоруссии избрала президиум Координационного совета" [Belarusian Opposition Selects Coordination Council Main Board]. TASS. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  45. ↑ "В президиум белорусской оппозиции вошли нобелевский лауреат и экс-министр" [Ex-Minister and Nobel Prize Winner to Join Coordination Council Main Board] (in Russian). RBC. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  46. ↑ "Представитель Тихановской заявила, что ее вывезли из страны власти Белоруссии" [Tikhanovskaya's Representative Claims She Was Forced to Leave by Authorities] (in Russian). Interfax. 11 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  47. ↑ "Год с начала протестов в Белоруссии. Что стало с противниками Лукашенко" [Year Since Protests: What Happened to Lukashenko's Opponents?] (in Russian). RBC. 9 August 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  48. ↑ ""Это будет последняя ошибка Лукашенко": Мария Колесникова о новых целях оппозиции, переговорах с бизнесом и тревожном звонке в Москву" [That Would Be His Last Mistake: Kalesnikava Explains Opposition's New Goals, Negotiations and Lukashenko's Anxious Call to Moscow]. Forbes (in Russian). 16 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  49. ↑ Shuvaev, E. (31 August 2020). "Белорусская оппозиция объявила о создании партии "Вместе"" [Belarusian Opposition Launches New Party Named 'Razam']. Izvestiya (in Russian). Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  50. ↑ "Белорусская оппозиция объявила о создании политической партии" [Belarusian Opposition Announced New Political Party]. TASS. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  51. ↑ "СМИ сообщили о похищении в Белоруссии Колесниковой" [Kalesnikava Kidnapped in Belarus] (in Russian). RBC. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  52. 1 2 "Марию Колесникову задержали на границе с Украиной" [Maria Kalesnikava Arrested at Ukraine Border] (in Russian). Meduza. 8 September 2020.
  53. ↑ "Погранкомитет Беларуси заявил о пересечении границы с Украиной членами КС Кравцовым и Родненковым. Колесникову задержали" [State Border Committee Reports that Kolesnikova, Rodnenkov, and Kravtsov Crossed Border]. Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  54. ↑ "Колесникова обратилась в СК по факту похищения и угроз" [Kalesnikava Complaints on Abduction and Threats to the Investigating Committee] (in Russian). BelNovosti. 10 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  55. ↑ "Та, которую не смогли запугать. За что судят Марию Колесникову?" [The One They Couldn't Scare. Why Is Maria Kalesnikava Facing Charges?] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  56. ↑ "Колесникова при попытке насильственного вывоза из Беларуси порвала свой паспорт – источник" [Source Claims Kalesnikava Tore Her Passport to Avoid Deportation] (in Russian). Interfax Ukraine. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  57. ↑ ""Через другое окно она выбралась и пошла в сторону белорусской границы". Как Мария Колесникова не дала вывезти себя из страны" ['She Escaped through Window and Headed Back to Belarus'. How Maria Kalesnikava Didn't Let Herself Be Deported] (in Russian). Nastoyashee Vremya. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  58. ↑ ""Она выкинула паспорт за окно". Что происходило с Марией Колесниковой на границе с Украиной" ['She Threw Away Her Passport'. What Really Happened to Maria Kalesnikava at Ukraine Border] (in Russian). BBC. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  59. ↑ "Известный немецкий политик готова взять "шефство" над Колесниковой в случае ее заключения" [German Politician Ready to Patronage Kalesnikava in Case of Detainment] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  60. ↑ "Белорусский юрист и оппозиционер Максим Знак в письме Би-би-си: думаю о суде, а не о тюремном заключении" [Belarusian Lawyer and Oppositionist Maxim Znak Writes to BBC: 'I think about court hearings, not about detainment'] (in Russian). BBC. 8 August 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  61. ↑ "Police in Belarus jail Maria Kolesnikova, the last opposition leader who was still free and in the country". Meduza. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  62. ↑ Written at Minsk. "Belarusian opposition member Kolesnikova arrested in Minsk". Moscow: TASS. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  63. ↑ "Отец назвал местонахождение Колесниковой" [Kalesnikava's Father Says She Is Jailed] (in Russian). RBC. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  64. ↑ "Колесникова — подозреваемая по уголовному делу о "захвате власти"" [Kalesnikava Faces Criminal Charges]. TUT.BY (in Russian). 9 September 2020. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  65. ↑ ""Меня все равно вывезут: живой или по частям". Колесникова рассказала о поступающих ей угрозах и попытке выдворения из страны" ['They Threatened to Deport Me in Pieces'. Kalesnikava Tells How She Was Threatened] (in Russian). Fontanka. 10 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  66. 1 2 "Белорусской оппозиционерке Колесниковой отказали в возбуждении дела о похищении" [Kalesnikova Cannot Sue Policemen Who Kidnapped Her] (in Russian). Interfax. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  67. ↑ "Та, которую не смогли запугать. За что судят Марию Колесникову?" [The One Whom They Couldn't Scare. Why Is Maria Kalesnikava in Jail?] (in Russian). MSN. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  68. ↑ "Патрабуем неадкладнага вызвалення Марыі Калеснікавай, Максіма Знака і Іллі Салея" (in Belarusian). Правозахисний центр «Вясна». 10 September 2021. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  69. ↑ "Калеснікава, Знак і Салей прызнаныя палітвязнямі" (in Belarusian). Радіо «Рація». 10 September 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  70. ↑ "Заявление. Беларусь: "Похищают лучших из нас". Произвольные аресты и принудительные высылки из страны ведущих оппозиционеров" (in Russian). Amnesty International. 11 September 2021. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  71. ↑ "МАЯ КРАІНА БЕЛАРУСЬ". Telegram (in Russian). 20 August 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  72. ↑ Irfan, Muhammad (20 August 2020). "Belarus Opens Criminal Probe Against Oppositions Coordination Council- Prosecutor General". UrduPoint. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  73. ↑ "Марию Колесникову перевели из минского СИЗО в Жодино". Vedomosti (in Russian). 12 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  74. ↑ Vasilyeva, Nataliya; Crisp, James (17 September 2020). "Belarus protest leader Maria Kolesnikova charged with incitement to undermine national security". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  75. ↑ "Мария Колесникова отказалась участвовать во встрече с Лукашенко" (in Russian). Interfax.ru. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  76. ↑ "Belarus Extends Pretrial Detention Of Opposition Figure Kalesnikava". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  77. ↑ "Belarus Extends Pretrial Detention Of Opposition Figure Kalesnikava". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  78. ↑ Deutsche Welle (9 January 2021). "Лукашенко оставил Колесникову под арестом: близкие о ее судьбе". YouTube (in Russian). Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  79. ↑ "Колесникову перевели из Жодино в СИЗО в Минске" [Kalesnikava Transferred Back to Minsk]. TUT.BY (in Russian). 11 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  80. ↑ Mylnikov, Pavel (12 February 2021). "В Беларуси предъявлены новые обвинения Марии Колесниковой и Максиму Знаку" [New charges brought against Maria Kolesnikova and Maxim Znak in Belarus] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  81. ↑ Tolkacheva, Elena (9 March 2021). "Мария Колесникова остается в СИЗО до 8 мая" [Maria Kolesnikova remains in jail until 8 May]. news.tut.by (in Russian). Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  82. ↑ Tolkacheva, Elena (9 March 2021). "Максим Знак остается в СИЗО до 9 мая" [Maxim Znak remains in jail until 9 May]. news.tut.by (in Russian). Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  83. ↑ ""Продление незаконно". Адвокат Колесниковой Илья Салей остается под домашним арестом до апреля" ["Renewal is illegal." Kolesnikova's lawyer Ilya Salei remains under house arrest until April]. news.tut.by (in Russian). 3 March 2021. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  84. ↑ "Члену совета белорусской оппозиции Колесниковой предъявили окончательное обвинение" [Coordination Council Oppositionist Kalesnikava Receives Final Charges] (in Russian). TASS. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  85. ↑ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). "В Беларуси оппозиционерке Марии Колесниковой предъявлены обвинения" [Maria Kalesnikava Faces Criminal Charges]. DW.COM (in Russian). Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  86. ↑ "Генпрокуратура: в суд направлено уголовное дело в отношении Марии Колесниковой и Максима Знака" [Belarus General Prosecutor Office Sends Kalesnikava's Case in Court] (in Russian). Belarus General Prosecutor Office. 25 June 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  87. ↑ "В Беларуси дело оппозиционеров Колесниковой и Знака поступило в суд" [Kalesnikava and Znak Cases Sent to Court] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  88. ↑ "Белорусские оппозиционеры Колесникова и Знак предстанут перед судом" [Belarusian Oppositionists Kalesnikava and Znak Stand Trial] (in Russian). Interfax. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  89. 1 2 ""Мне можно присылать ноты – они так классно звучат в голове". О чем пишет Мария Колесникова из минского СИЗО" ['You Can Send Me Printed Music'. Kalesnikava's Letters From Jail] (in Russian). Current Time. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  90. ↑ ""Я готова к любому приговору". В Минске начался суд над Марией Колесниковой, ей грозит до 12 лет" ['I'm Ready to Anything'. Kalesnikava Stands Trial in Minsk] (in Russian). BBC. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  91. ↑ "'Tearing up my passport was the right decision' Belarusian oppositionist Maria Kolesnikova talks to Dozhd ahead of trial in Minsk". Meduza. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  92. ↑ "Belarus Protest Leader Kolesnikova Goes on Trial". The Moscow Times. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  93. ↑ "Belarus crackdown fails to crush opposition spirit". BBC. 7 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  94. ↑ "У Александра Лукашенко длинные сроки" [Hard Sentences by Lukashenko] (in Russian). Kommersant. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  95. ↑ "Belarus protest leader Kolesnikova jailed for 11 years". 6 September 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  96. ↑ ""She's alive, she's lost weight and doesn't yet have much strength": Maria Kalesnikava's father visits her in prison". The Insider. 5 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  97. ↑ "Приговор Максиму и Маше: когда дети будут свободны, поклонюсь тем, кто поддержал" [Sentence to Misha and Masha: When They're Free, I'll Deeply Thank All Who Supported us]. Euroradio.fm (in Russian). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  98. ↑ "Мария Колесникова рассказала о попытках склонить ее к интервью на госканале "а-ля Протасевич"" [Maria Kalesnikava Says She Was Offered to Make Movie Like Protasevich] (in Russian). TV Rain. 3 August 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  99. ↑ ""Весь год они делали все, чтобы я пожалела": Колесникова дала первое интервью после приговора" ['They Try Hard to Make Me Regret Staying': Kalesnikava's First Interview After 11 Year Sentence] (in Russian). The Village Belarus. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  100. ↑ Rainford, S. (30 September 2021). "Мария Колесникова: "Тюрьма – это отвратительное место, но здесь я особенно чувствую себя свободной"" [Maria Kalesnikava: 'Prison Is Disgusting, But I Fell Especially Free Here'] (in Russian). BBC Russia. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  101. ↑ Александровская, Б. (2 December 2021). "Мария Колесникова из СИЗО: Режим выбрал для Беларуси путь в никуда" (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  102. ↑ "'Critical but stable' Jailed Belarusian opposition leader Maria Kalesnikava is in the ICU. Here's what we know". Meduza. 1 December 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  103. 1 2 Valkauskas, T. (12 December 2022). ""Не могла спать и теряла сознание". Cестра Колесниковой рассказала о здоровье, условиях содержания и письмах Марии" ['She couldn't sleep and fainted': Kalesnikava's sister on prison conditions, health and letters from Maria] (in Russian). Lietuvos nacionalinis radijas ir televizija. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  104. ↑ Халип, И. (6 September 2021). "Незабытая мелодия для флейты" [Flute Melody that Won't Be Forgotten] (in Russian). Novaya Gazeta. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  105. ↑ "Госдеп назвал обвинения против Колесниковой в Белоруссии возмутительными" [USA Condemns Charges Against Kalesnikava] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 14 May 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  106. ↑ "Требуем освобождения! Реакция ЕС и ФРГ на приговоры Колесниковой и Знаку" [We Demand Her Release! Kalesnikava's Sentence Condemned by US and Germany] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 6 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  107. ↑ "Реакция Запада на приговоры Колесниковой и Знаку: Это олицетворяет жестокость режима" [West Calls Kalesnikava and Znak Sentences Repressive] (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  108. ↑ "Germany seeks answers over Belarus opposition figure 'kidnap'". Channel News Asia. AFP. 7 September 2020. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  109. ↑ Davlashyan, Naira (7 September 2020). "Belarus: Germany demands answers on 'kidnapped' dissident Kolesnikova". euronews. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  110. ↑ Osborn, Andrew; Vasilyeva, Maria (7 September 2020). "Belarusian protest leader disappears after being detained by masked men". Irish Independent. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  111. ↑ ""Działania poniżej jakichkolwiek standardów". Wiceminister spraw zagranicznych o porwaniu Kalesnikawej" (in Polish). Polskie Radio 24. 7 September 2020. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  112. ↑ Przydacz, Marcin [@marcin_przydacz] (7 September 2020). "The kidnapping of M. Kalesnikava is unacceptable. Treating opposition leaders in such an unlawful & contemptible manner is below any standards. We expect that all political prisoners in #Belarus are promptly released from custody. Dialogue is the solution, not force!" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 September 2020 – via Twitter.
  113. ↑ Sky News (7 September 2020). "Belarus protests: UK says release of 'abducted' Maria Kolesnikova must be 'highest priority'". Yahoo! News UK. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  114. ↑ "US Considering Sanctions Against Belarus After 'Unjustified Violence and Repression' Pompeo Says". Voice of America. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  115. ↑ "BELARUS: FREE OPPOSITION LEADER MARYIA KALESNIKAVA". Amnesty International. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  116. ↑ Osmani, Vjosa [@VjosaOsmaniMP] (4 October 2020). "Together with 9 other Kosovo MP colleagues, we joined Members of U.S. Congress @WilliamKeating, @Marcy_Kaptur and more than 300 transatlantic legislators from 30+ countries, in signing a letter to the illegitimate President of Belarus, #Lukashenko..." (Tweet). Retrieved 4 October 2020 – via Twitter.
  117. ↑ Osmani, Vjosa [@VjosaOsmaniMP] (4 October 2020). "...demanding the immediate release of opposition leader Marya Kalesnikava and all other political prisoners. #Kosovo stands with the people of Belarus and supports efforts against human rights offenders in Belarus. @HouseForeign @EP_President" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 October 2020 – via Twitter.
  118. ↑ "The democratic opposition in Belarus – 2020, Belarus". Europäisches Parlament.
  119. ↑ zeit.de: Belarussische Opposition erhält Sacharow-Preis
  120. ↑ "Belsat wins Global Belarusian Solidarity Award". Belsat.
  121. ↑ "Госдеп присудил белорусской оппозиционерке Колесниковой награду за гражданское мужество". tass (in Russian). Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  122. ↑ "Lew-Kopelew-Preise gehen nach Belarus und Russland". Zeit Online. 16 April 2021.
  123. ↑ "Maria Kolesnikowa: Belarussische Bürgerrechtlerin erhält Stuttgarter Friedenspreis". Stuttgarter Zeitung. 13 July 2021.
  124. ↑ "Fritz-Csoklich-Preis: Auszeichnung für Frauen-Trio". Die Presse. 16 July 2021.
  125. ↑ "Belarus-Aktivistin Maria Kalesnikowa ausgezeichnet". SWR. 8 February 2021. Archived from the original on 11 October 2021.
  126. ↑ "2021 Václav Havel Prize awarded to Belarusian human rights activist Maria Kalesnikava".
  127. ↑ "Preisverleihung 2022". www.esslingen.de.
  128. ↑ Nyblom, Sofia (21 May 2022). "Sofia Nyblom: Belarusiska aktivisten Maryja Kalesnikava får Stig Dagerman-priset". DN.SE (in Swedish). Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  129. ↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Belarusian opposition figures win Charlemagne Prize | DW | 26 May 2022". DW.COM. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
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