Madurai district
District
Clockwise from top-left: Meenakshi Amman Temple, Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal, Alagar Koyil, Kutladampatti Falls, Jain carvings at Yanamalai Hills
Location in Tamil Nadu
Location in Tamil Nadu
Coordinates: 09°50′N 077°50′E / 9.833°N 77.833°E / 9.833; 77.833[1]
Country India
State Tamil Nadu
Municipal CorporationsMadurai
HeadquartersMadurai
TaluksMadurai North, Madurai South, Madurai East, Madurai West, Melur, Peraiyur, Tirumangalam, Thiruparankundram, Usilampatti, Vadipatti, Kalligudi
Government
 • TypeDistrict Administration
 • BodyMadurai District Collectorate
 • District CollectorAneesh Sekhar, I.A.S.
 • Superintendent of PoliceSujit Kumar, I.P.S.
Area
 • Total3,710 km2 (1,430 sq mi)
 • Rank16
Population
 (2011)
 • Total3,038,252
 • Rank4
 • Density812/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialTamil and English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
625xxx
Telephone code0452
Vehicle registrationTN-58, TN-59, TN-64[2]
Coastline0 kilometres (0 mi)
Largest cityMadurai
Sex ratio♂-50.5% / ♀-49.5%
Literacy81.5%
Lok Sabha constituency1
Assembly constituency10
Websitewww.madurai.tn.nic.in

Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India.[1][3] The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist place in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns are Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.[4] It is an important hub for various film shootings. Alanganallur is a popular spot in the district for Jallikattu, as are Palamedu and Avaniyapuram.

History

The famous Jallikattu at Alanganallur

Madurai is called by various nicknames like Athens of the East, Thoonga Nagaram (City that never Sleeps), Naan maada koodal (City of Four junctions), Malligai Managar (City of Jasmine), Koodal Managar (City of Junction) Koil Nagar (Temple city), etc. The main kingdoms which ruled Madurai during various times are the Pandyas and the Nayaks.[5]

Geography

The district is bounded by Theni in the west, Sivaganga in the east, Dindigul in the north, Virudhunagar in the south and small parts of Tiruchirappalli in the northeast. Madurai district witnessing hot and humid weather throughout the year and considered as hottest district of Tamil Nadu as well hottest city.

Climate

Madurai
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
20
 
 
30
20
 
 
14
 
 
32
21
 
 
18
 
 
35
23
 
 
55
 
 
38
25
 
 
70
 
 
37
26
 
 
40
 
 
36
26
 
 
50
 
 
36
25
 
 
104
 
 
35
25
 
 
119
 
 
34
24
 
 
188
 
 
33
24
 
 
145
 
 
30
23
 
 
51
 
 
29
21
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.8
 
 
86
68
 
 
0.5
 
 
90
70
 
 
0.7
 
 
95
73
 
 
2.2
 
 
100
77
 
 
2.8
 
 
99
79
 
 
1.6
 
 
97
79
 
 
1.9
 
 
96
77
 
 
4.1
 
 
95
77
 
 
4.7
 
 
93
75
 
 
7.4
 
 
91
75
 
 
5.7
 
 
86
73
 
 
2
 
 
84
70
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

The climate has extremes. There are three distinct periods of rainfall:

  • advancing monsoon period and south west monsoon from June to September, with strong southwest winds;
  • north east monsoon from October to December, with dominant north east winds;
  • dry season from January to May.
  • Madurai District is the hottest district of Tamil Nadu throughout the year. district receives average rainfall and heavy heat which is prevails from March to September. madurai recorded 42°C at the time of September month.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901666,940—    
1911769,360+1.44%
1921800,795+0.40%
1931896,876+1.14%
19411,014,602+1.24%
19511,223,574+1.89%
19611,378,734+1.20%
19711,730,109+2.30%
19812,042,704+1.67%
19912,400,339+1.63%
20012,578,201+0.72%
20113,038,252+1.66%
source:[6]
Religions in Madurai district (2011)[7]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 90.86%
Islam
 
 5.56%
Christianity
 
 3.22%
Other or not stated
 
 0.36%

According to 2011 census, Madurai district had a population of 3,038,252,[8] up from 2,578,201 in the 2001 census,[4] for a growth rate of 17.95%. It had a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males, up from 978 in 2001,[4] and much above the national average of 929.[8] A total of 313,978 were under the age of six, constituting 162,517 males and 151,461 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 13.46% and 0.37% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.83%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. 60.78% of the population lives in urban areas.[8]

The district had a total of 794,887 households. There were a total of 1,354,632 workers, comprising 81,352 cultivators, 287,731 main agricultural labourers, 39,753 in house hold industries, 765,066 other workers, 180,730 marginal workers, 11,367 marginal cultivators, 85,097 marginal agricultural labourers, 7,540 marginal workers in household industries and 76,726 other marginal workers.[8]

Languages of Madurai district (2011)[9]

  Tamil (92.56%)
  Saurashtra (3.20%)
  Telugu (2.58%)
  Others (1.66%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 92.56% of the population spoke Tamil, 3.20% Saurashtra and 2.58% Telugu as their first language.[9]

Politics

Source:[10][11]
District No. Constituency Name Party Alliance Remarks
Madurai 188 Melur Periyapullan @ P. Selvam All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK
189 Madurai East P. Moorthy Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
190 Sholavandan (SC) A. Venkatesan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
191 Madurai North G. Thalapathi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
192 Madurai South M. Boominathan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK) SPA
193 Madurai Central Palanivel Thiagarajan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam SPA
194 Madurai West Sellur K. Raju All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK
195 Thiruparankundram V. V. Rajan Chellappa All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK
196 Tirumangalam R. B. Udhayakumar All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK Deputy Leader of the Opposition
197 Usilampatti P. Ayyappan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (OPS) NDA

Madurai district contains the entirety of Madurai Lok Sabha constituency, and parts of Theni and Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituencies.

Divisions

Madurai district comprises 13 talukas and revenue blocks, same names same boundaries. Under the gram panchayat system rural administration or the district is done by panchayat villages and the taluka headquarters. The revenue blocks are further sub-divided by firkas. The three taluks, Tiruparankundram, Madurai West and Madurai East, were created in February 2014.[12] The thirteen talukas/blocks are:[13][14][15]

2001 census

Village house in Melur

In the 2001 census, Madurai district had only seven talukas: Madurai North, Madurai South, Melur, Peraiyur, Thirumangalam, Vadipatti, and Usilampatti.[16]

Tourist attractions

Localities

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Madurai (Approved) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  2. ↑ "Registration Series Allotted to Regional Transport Offices" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu, State Transport Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 September 2012.
  3. ↑ "Madurai District, Government of Tamilnadu | Athens of the East | India". Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 "Census of India 2001: Basic data Sheet: Madurai District, Tamil Nadu" (PDF). The Registrar General and Census Commissioner.
  5. ↑ "Madurai". britannica.com.
  6. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  7. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "District Census Handbook 2011 - Madurai" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  9. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  10. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners". CNBCTV18. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  11. ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Full list of winners". www.indiatvnews.com. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  12. ↑ Mariappan, Julie (12 February 2014). "23 new taluks created in Tamil Nadu". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014.
  13. ↑ "Map: Madurai District Blocks". Madurai District. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  14. ↑ "Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Village Panchayat Names of Madurai, Tamil Nadu". Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 November 2011.
  15. ↑ "Revenue Administration | Madurai District, Government of Tamilnadu | India". Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  16. ↑ "2001 Census of India: List of Villages by Tehsil: Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. pp. 245–256. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2011.
  17. ↑ Suruli Falls Suruli falls
  18. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
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