Massachusetts Correctional Institution-Concord
The Old Concord Reformatory Building
at MCI-Concord
Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Concord is located in Massachusetts
Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Concord
Location in Massachusetts
LocationConcord, Massachusetts
Coordinates42°27′53″N 71°23′44″W / 42.46472°N 71.39556°W / 42.46472; -71.39556
StatusOperational
Security classMedium
CapacityOperational Capacity: 752 Operational Occupancy: 77%
OpenedMay 1878
Managed byMassachusetts Department of Correction
DirectorSuperintendent Dean Gray

The Massachusetts Correctional Institution at Concord (MCI-Concord) is a medium security prison for men located in Concord, Massachusetts in the United States. Opened in 1878, it is the oldest running state prison for men in Massachusetts. This prison is under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Department of Correction. There are 570 inmates with a total capacity of 614 general population beds.[1]

Facility

Aerial view of modern compound

MCI Concord is a level 4, medium level security prison.[2] The prison is located in Concord, Massachusetts on state Route 2. A Massachusetts State Police barracks (Troop A-3) and the Northeastern Correctional Center (Minimum Security) are located across the highway from the prison. The prison currently houses over 550 medium security inmates. This prison was visited in 1988 by Mother Teresa on her trip touring all Massachusetts prisons and also by Seán Cardinal O'Malley in 2012.

MCI-Concord is also the home to the department's Central Date Computation Unit, Central Records Unit, Central Research Unit, and the Data Collection Unit. All of which are split between the SFU Building outside and B-Building within the walls of the facility.

History

MCI Concord opened in May 1878 as the New State Prison at Concord with Mexican War veteran General Chamberlain as its warden.[3][4]

In 1884, all the State inmates were taken out of Concord and transferred to the State Prison in Charlestown Massachusetts and Concord became the "Massachusetts Reformatory" where prisoners under 30 years of age received a one number maximum term for the crime they were convicted of and the Massachusetts Parole Board could release the offender a month after their judgment, or anytime up to their maximum term. If the offender proved to be reformed of the behavior that caused his incarceration he would be put on supervised parole which was subject to termination if the parolee proved to be rehabilitated. For the courts sentenced those they felt could be reformed to the reformatory, and the more serious offenders to the State prison. Programs were set up at Concord so that the offender could prove himself reformed, and be paroled could learn a trade to be used on their return to society.

In 1893, additional construction added 230 cells to the Massachusetts reformatory. In 1955, because of overcrowding at the State Prison in Charlestown and rioting inmates, Governor Herter formed a committee to study the system and it was decided to revamp the entire State Prison system and the Commissioner was ordered to purchase more prison facilities for those sentenced to the State Prison; to ease the overcrowding situation at Charlestown. During the Acts of 1955, c. 770, all the prison were merely renamed, "MCI-(at the city or town the prison was located).

In 1955, the state prison at Walpole, and the reformatory at Concord were in fact "two" distinct "maximum" security facilities. In 1972, c. 777, s.8, the Massachusetts reformatory "name" was changed to be, "MCI-Concord." Only the name was changed. Court commitments from District Courts to the reformatory did not stop until the reformatory sentence was repealed in 1994.

Around 1978–80, after a major riot at the reformatory, where the inmates even robbed the prison Canteen Store, during a movie, Dog Day Afternoon held in the Gym (where all the inmates go at one time) over 150 reformatory inmates were transferred to the State Prison, and 150 State inmates were transferred to the reformatory. Then, without Legislative authority, or even notifying the Judicial branch of our tripartite system, Commissioner Hogan abolished the Maximum Security Reformatory for men at MCI-Concord and made it a medium security facility that would also be used as a "reception and diagnostic center" which was at MCI-Norfolk already for offenders sentenced to the Maximum Security State Prison Sentence.

Before 1978-80 Concord had never housed any State sentenced inmates so the maximum security reformatory facility did their classification in the building designated as the "New Line" where it was decided whether the reformatory inmate would stay at the maximum security reformatory or be moved to the Farm across the street. Since June 2009 MCI-Concord was redesignated as a medium security facility of the State Prison and Massachusetts.

Timothy Leary's Concord Prison Experiment was conducted at MCI Concord during the early 1960s.[5][6]

1882 riot

In early July, 1882 at 12:00 midnight inmates at the Concord Reformatory began to cause a disturbance by shouting and banging on doors. The noise went on for hours and the prison's warden decided to punish the inmates by revoking their yard privileges for July 4. This caused the disturbance to escalate with inmates breaking down wooden doors and furniture being destroyed. The riot stopped three days later.

1959 riot

On April 22, 1959, a special riot squad of the Massachusetts State Police put down a mass attempt at escape from the Concord State Reformatory. State Police quelled escape attempt by 59 convicts at Concord Reformatory; rescue 13 guards, 2 civilians held as hostages.[7]

1972 riot

On November 22, 1972, inmates in E Building began rioting and causing a major disturbance. Correction officers requested assistance and seventy-five state police officers (along with four sharpshooters) were sent to the Concord Reformatory to put down the uprising.

COVID-19

Pursuant to the Supreme Judicial Court’s April 3, 2020 Opinion and Order in the Committee for Public Counsel Services v. Chief Justice of the Trial Court, SJC-12926 matter, as amended on April 10, April 28 and June 23, 2020 (the “Order”), the Special Master posts weekly reports which are located on the SJC website here for COVID testing and cases for each of the correctional facilities administered by the Department of Correction and each of the county Sheriffs’ offices. The SJC Special master link above has the most up to date information reported by the correctional agencies and is posted for the public to view.

As of December 30, 2020, one inmate at MCI Concord has died from COVID-19.[8]

Notable inmates

See also

References

  1. ↑ "MCI-Concord". Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  2. ↑ "Prison Security Levels". Mass. Executive Office of Public Safety. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
  3. ↑ Report of the Auditor of Accounts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for the Year Ending December 31, 1877. Massachusetts Dept. of State. 1878. pp. 17–18.
  4. ↑ "GENERAL NOTES". The New York Times. 1878-12-22. p. 6. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
  5. ↑ "Dr. Leary's Concord Prison Experiment: A 34 Year Follow-Up Study". Bulletin of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. 9 (4). Winter 1999–2000. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
  6. ↑ Horgan, John (2003). Rational Mysticism: Dispatches from the Border Between Science and Spirituality. Houghton Mifflin Books. p. 144. ISBN 0-618-44663-X.
  7. ↑ Times, John H. Fentonspecial To the New York (1959-04-23). "Prison Riot Quelled In Concord, Mass.; MUTINY QUELLED IN CONCORD, MASS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-27.
  8. ↑ "SJC-12926-Special-Master's-Weekly-Report-121020.pdf | Mass.gov". mass.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  9. ↑ "Timeline". American Experience - Malcolm X: Make It Plain. Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
  10. ↑ Daniel McGinn. "Preying On The Predator", Newsweek.com. 2003-09-08. Retrieved 2007-11-25.
  11. ↑ Pam Belluck. "Inquiry Lists Prison System Errors in Case of Slain Priest", The New York Times, 2004-02-04. Retrieved 2007-11-25.
  12. ↑ Gary V. Murray (December 5, 2007). "Sexual Danger of Suspect Probed; Eisenberg Deemed 'Not Dangerous' after Two Rape Convictions". Telegram & Gazette. Worcester, Massachusetts: Bruce Gaultney. ISSN 1050-4184. OCLC 60621545. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2011.

Sources

  1. Senate Doc. No. 750, pg. 148, s. 98-254,285,286,289. (proposed changes to revamp entire Judicial and Executive branches)
  2. 1955 House No. 3034, (authorizes additional State Prison Camps to ease overcrowding at Charlestown State Prison 1955).
  3. George F. McGrath, 1955 Ann.Survet, Criminal Law and Procedure, s.12.1,2, pg 121-124. (Reviewing changes at Concord in after St.1955)
  4. Conlon In re 19 NE 164, 148 Mass 168 (1889), (Review of Reformatory)
  5. Sheehan v Superintendent of Concord reformatory, 150 NE 231, 254 Mass 342 (1926), (transfer from boys school to reformatory, "constitutional.")
  6. Brown v Comm. of Corr. 474 NE2d 1059, (1985), (Commissioner cannot transfer reformatory inmate to State prison, "unconstitutional.")
  7. Unsoeld v unsoeld, 104 NE 462, (1914) (reformatory sentence is not a "State" prison sentence).
  8. Platt v Commonwealth, 256 mass 695,697 (1926) (Legislative intent of Reformatory).
  9. Peter Rockholz, consultant for Connecticut Criminal Justice Institution, 2002, quotes guards, "Inmates sentenced to the State Prison are here to be controlled and just to have the basics- to be punished" then released.
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