Måsøy Municipality
Måsøy kommune
Muosátsullo gielda (Northern Sami)
Moseijan komuuni (Kven)
Municipality
Maasø herred  (historic name)
View of Havøysund in the winter
View of Havøysund in the winter
Flag of Måsøy Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Måsøy Municipality
Coat of arms
Finnmark within Norway
Finnmark within Norway
Måsøy within Finnmark
Måsøy within Finnmark
Coordinates: 70°59′48″N 24°39′41″E / 70.99667°N 24.66139°E / 70.99667; 24.66139
CountryNorway
CountyFinnmark
DistrictVest-Finnmark
Established1 January 1838 (1838-01-01)
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreHavøysund
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Ingrid Majala (LL)
Area
 • Total1,136.70 km2 (438.88 sq mi)
 • Land1,068.39 km2 (412.51 sq mi)
 • Water68.80 km2 (26.56 sq mi)  6.1%
 • Rank#96 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total1,119
 • Rank#324 in Norway
 • Density1/km2 (3/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Decrease −9.8%
DemonymMåsøying[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-5618[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Måsøy (Northern Sami: Muosát; Kven: Moseija) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Havøysund. Other villages include Bakfjord, Gunnarnes, Ingøy, Måsøy, Slåtten, and Snefjord. The municipality is located on the mainland as well as several islands.

The 1,136-square-kilometre (439 sq mi) municipality is the 96th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Måsøy is the 324th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,119. The municipality's population density is 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 9.8% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

The municipality includes the Fruholmen Lighthouse, the northernmost lighthouse in Norway as well as the Havøysund Bridge, the northernmost bridge in the world. The tallest tower in Scandinavia, the 362-meter (1,188 ft) tall Ingøy radio transmitter is located on Ingøya island.

The Hurtigruten coastal express boat stops at the village of Havøysund daily. There is also a road connection to Havøysund, albeit often blocked by snow in the winter at the pass between Snefjord and Bakfjord. Norwegian County Road 889 connects the mainland to Havøysund. Bus services between Havøysund and Olderfjord (bus hub), operates twice a day. The nearest airport is Lakselv Banak Airport.

General information

View of the village of Måsøy

The town of Hammerfest and the vast surrounding rural district of Hammerfest was established as the municipality of Hammerfest by og landdistrikt on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). Soon after (the same year), the northern district (population: 498) was separated to become the new municipality of Maasøe, named after the village on the island of Måsøya where the local church is located. The spelling was later changed to Måsøy.

On 1 January 1963, a small area of southern Måsøy, north of Kokelv, (population: 34) was transferred to neighboring Kvalsund Municipality. On 1 January 1984, the western part of the island of Magerøya (population: 240) was transferred from Måsøy to the neighboring Nordkapp Municipality.[6]

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly formed Troms og Finnmark county. Previously, it had been part of the old Finnmark county.[7] On 1 January 2024, the Troms og Finnmark county was divided and the municipality once again became part of Finnmark county.[8]

Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the island of Måsøya (Old Norse: Másøy) since the first Måsøy Church was built there. The first element is mási, the diminuitive form of the genitive case of the word már which means "little seagull". The last element is øy which means "island".[9] Historically, the name of the municiaplity was spelled Maasø or Maasøe. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Maasøy.[10] On 21 December 1917, a royal resolution enacted the 1917 Norwegian language reforms. Prior to this change, the name was spelled Maasøy with the digraph "aa", and after this reform, the name was spelled Måsøy, using the letter å instead.[11][12]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 7 September 1984. The official blazon is "Gules, a gaff bendwise Or" (Norwegian: I rødt en gull klepp skrått oppad). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a fishing gaff. The gaff has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. A gaff is a stick with a metal hook or a barbed spear (historically it was made of bone). It is used for pulling large fish onto a boat. These fishing gaffs have been used for many centuries in the municipality. The tool was chosen as a symbol for the importance of fishing to the municipality. The arms were designed by Arvid Sveen.[13][14][15]

Churches

The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Måsøy. It is part of the Hammerfest prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland.

Churches in Måsøy
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocationYear built
MåsøyGunnarnes ChapelRolvsøya1986
Havøysund ChurchHavøysund1961
Ingøy ChurchIngøy1957
Måsøy ChurchMåsøya1953
Slotten ChapelSlåtten1963

Government

All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[16] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Vestre Finnmark District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Måsøy is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Måsøy kommunestyre 2023–2027 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
 Local List for Måsøy (Bygdelista i Måsøy)5
Total number of members:15
Måsøy kommunestyre 2019–2023 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
Total number of members:15
Måsøy kommunestyre 2015–2019 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
Total number of members:15
Måsøy kommunestyre 2011–2015 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
Total number of members:15
Måsøy kommunestyre 2007–2011 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:17
Måsøy kommunestyre 2003–2007 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
Total number of members:17
Måsøy kommunestyre 1999–2003 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1995–1999 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1991–1995 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1987–1991 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
 Local list for Måsøy (Bygdelista i Måsøy)2
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1983–1987 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
 Local list for Måsøy municipality
 (Bygdelista i Måsøy kommune)		3
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1979–1983 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1975–1979 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1971–1975 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
 Socialist common list
 (Venstresosialistiske felleslister)		2
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1967–1971 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
Total number of members:21
Måsøy kommunestyre 1963–1967 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
Total number of members:21
Måsøy herredsstyre 1959–1963 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
Total number of members:21
Måsøy herredsstyre 1955–1959 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 5
  List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders (Arbeidere, fiskere, småbrukere liste) 1
Total number of members:21
Måsøy herredsstyre 1951–1955 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:16
Måsøy herredsstyre 1947–1951 [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 5
  List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders (Arbeidere, fiskere, småbrukere liste) 2
Total number of members:16
Måsøy herredsstyre 1945–1947 [34]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders (Arbeidere, fiskere, småbrukere liste) 6
Total number of members:16
Måsøy herredsstyre 1937–1941* [35]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders (Arbeidere, fiskere, småbrukere liste) 1
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 2
Total number of members:16
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Måsøy (incomplete list):

Geography

View of Ingøya

The municipality is located on the northern coast of western Finnmark, comprising parts of the mainland (located on the Porsanger Peninsula) and many islands of various sizes. The main islands include Måsøya, Hjelmsøya, Havøya, Ingøya, and Rolvsøya. Most people live in the village of Havøysund, but there are also small hamlets spread around the islands and in the fjord areas, notably Snefjord, Slåtten, Ingøy, Gunnarnes, and Måsøy. The large lake Havvatnet lies in the southern part of the municipality.

Birdlife

Lying in the northwest part of the county, Måsøy has a selection of habitats and a varied birdlife. Once again, some of the county's largest seabird colonies can be found in the municipality with the island of Hjelmsøya being one of the more interesting. White-tailed eagles can be seen as well as both Arctic skuas and great skuas.

Climate

Måsøy has a subpolar oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfc), due to the relatively mild winter, but also due to the precipitation pattern with drier summer and wetter winter, which is opposite of the subarctic climate. Fruholmen was earlier a tundra climate, and is close to tundra with 1991-2020 normals. As the weather station is located at an exposed lighthouse, the inhabited areas of the municipality such as Havøysund will be slightly warmer in summer and slightly colder in winter than Fruholmen.

Climate data for Fruholmen lighthouse 1991-2020 (13 m), extremes 1980-present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.4
(47.1)		 8.9
(48.0)		 9.9
(49.8)		 13.4
(56.1)		 20.8
(69.4)		 24.8
(76.6)		 28.6
(83.5)		 23.8
(74.8)		 21.2
(70.2)		 17.3
(63.1)		 11.2
(52.2)		 12.1
(53.8)		 28.6
(83.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6)		 0.5
(32.9)		 1.2
(34.2)		 3
(37)		 6.2
(43.2)		 8.9
(48.0)		 12.2
(54.0)		 12.1
(53.8)		 10
(50)		 6
(43)		 3.7
(38.7)		 2.2
(36.0)		 5.6
(42.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 1.3
(34.3)		 4.3
(39.7)		 6.9
(44.4)		 9.8
(49.6)		 10.1
(50.2)		 8.2
(46.8)		 4.4
(39.9)		 1.8
(35.2)		 0.3
(32.5)		 3.6
(38.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.1
(26.4)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 2.6
(36.7)		 5.4
(41.7)		 8.2
(46.8)		 8.5
(47.3)		 6.7
(44.1)		 2.8
(37.0)		 0.1
(32.2)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 1.9
(35.5)
Record low °C (°F) −20.7
(−5.3)		 −16.7
(1.9)		 −14.0
(6.8)		 −12.9
(8.8)		 −12.0
(10.4)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 0.8
(33.4)		 1.0
(33.8)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −9.5
(14.9)		 −12.3
(9.9)		 −20.7
(−5.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 100
(3.9)		 89
(3.5)		 86
(3.4)		 61
(2.4)		 48
(1.9)		 40
(1.6)		 50
(2.0)		 55
(2.2)		 72
(2.8)		 93
(3.7)		 81
(3.2)		 98
(3.9)		 873
(34.5)
Source 1: Norwegian Meteorological Institute[37]
Source 2: infoclimat.fr[38]
Climate data for Ingøya 1961-1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 0.2
(32.4)		 1.9
(35.4)		 5.3
(41.5)		 8.9
(48.0)		 12.0
(53.6)		 11.7
(53.1)		 8.8
(47.8)		 5.2
(41.4)		 2.3
(36.1)		 0.5
(32.9)		 4.7
(40.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 0.4
(32.7)		 3.6
(38.5)		 6.7
(44.1)		 9.7
(49.5)		 9.7
(49.5)		 7.2
(45.0)		 3.6
(38.5)		 0.6
(33.1)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 2.8
(37.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.4
(24.1)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 1.9
(35.4)		 5.0
(41.0)		 7.9
(46.2)		 8.1
(46.6)		 5.7
(42.3)		 2.1
(35.8)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 1.1
(34.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 88
(3.5)		 74
(2.9)		 70
(2.8)		 61
(2.4)		 44
(1.7)		 46
(1.8)		 49
(1.9)		 52
(2.0)		 64
(2.5)		 89
(3.5)		 91
(3.6)		 102
(4.0)		 830
(32.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 17.9 15.6 15.8 14.5 11.3 10.5 10.0 11.0 14.6 19.2 18.0 19.4 177.8
Source: Norwegian Meteorological Institute[39]

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ↑ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ↑ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ↑ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå.
  7. ↑ Mæhlum, Lars, ed. (24 December 2019). "Troms og Finnmark". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  8. ↑ "Fylkesinndelingen fra 2024" (in Norwegian). Regjeringen.no. 5 July 2022.
  9. ↑ Rygh, Oluf (1924). Norske gaardnavne: Finmarkens amt (in Norwegian) (18 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 150–151.
  10. ↑ "Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1917. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m". Norsk Lovtidend (in Norwegian). Kristiania, Norge: Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri: 1057–1065. 1917.
  11. ↑ "Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1917. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m". Norsk Lovtidend (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri: 1000. 1917.
  12. ↑ Den Nye rettskrivning : regler og ordlister (in Norwegian). Kristiania, Norge: Den Mallingske Boktrykkeri. 1918.
  13. ↑ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  14. ↑ "Masoy, Finmark (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  15. ↑ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 23 November 1984. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  16. ↑ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  17. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Finnmark Finnmárku". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  18. ↑ "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Troms og Finnmark". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  19. 1 2 3 4 "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  20. ↑ "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Finnmark". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  21. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  22. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  23. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  24. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  25. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  26. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  27. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  28. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  29. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  30. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  31. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  32. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  33. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  34. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  35. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  36. ↑ "Ingrid Majala valgt til ny ordfører i Måsøy". RadioNordkapp (in Norwegian). 6 October 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  37. ↑ "Norwegian Meteorological Institute".
  38. ↑ "Normales et records pour la période 1991 -2020 à Fruholmen Fyr". infoclimat.fr. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  39. ↑ "eKlima Web Portal". Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 14 June 2004.

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