Luke Messer
Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee
In office
January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2019
LeaderJohn Boehner
Paul Ryan
Preceded byJames Lankford[1]
Succeeded byGary Palmer
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Indiana's 6th district
In office
January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2019
Preceded byMike Pence
Succeeded byGreg Pence
Member of the Indiana House of Representatives
from the 57th district
In office
May 21, 2003 – November 21, 2006
Preceded byRoland Stine
Succeeded bySean Eberhart
Personal details
Born
Allen Lucas Messer

(1969-02-27) February 27, 1969
Evansville, Indiana, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
SpouseJennifer Messer
EducationWabash College (BA)
Vanderbilt University (JD)
Signature

Allen Lucas Messer (born February 27, 1969) is an American politician and lobbyist who represented Indiana's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2013 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Born in Evansville, Indiana, Messer is a graduate of Wabash College and Vanderbilt University Law School. After an unsuccessful run for the U.S. House in 2000, Messer served as the first executive director of the Indiana Republican Party from 2001 to 2005. Messer was appointed to serve in the Indiana House of Representatives in 2003, after State Representative W. Roland Stine was killed in a car accident. He represented Indiana's 57th District from 2003 to 2006, when he opted not to run for reelection and instead joined Ice Miller LLP's lobbying division. From 2006 to 2012, Messer was a registered lobbyist. He ran for the U.S. House again in 2010, but was unsuccessful in his primary challenge to Republican Dan Burton. When Mike Pence decided in 2012 to run for Governor of Indiana, Messer was elected to replace him, defeating Democratic nominee Brad Bookout.

On July 26, 2017, Messer announced that he would run for the U.S. Senate in 2018.[2] He was unsuccessful in the May 8 primary election, losing to Mike Braun.

Early life and career

Messer graduated from Greensburg Community High School in 1987.[3][4] Messer attended Wabash College where he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity and majored in speech. He graduated in 1991.[5] He received a Juris Doctor from Vanderbilt University Law School in 1994.[6][7] Shortly after graduating from Vanderbilt, he served as an Associate Counsel at Koch Industries from 1995 to 1996.[8]

Messer started his political career in 1997 as the press secretary for Tennessee Representative Ed Bryant. He was the legal counsel on the House Subcommittee for Government Reform for Indiana Representatives David McIntosh and Dan Burton from 1998 to 1999, and the legal counsel to U.S. Representative Jim Duncan later in 1999.[9] In 1998, he was the campaign manager for Virginia Murphy Blankenbaker's unsuccessful congressional campaign.[10] In 1999, Messer returned to Indiana and practiced law at the Barnes & Thornburg law firm in Indianapolis.[11]

In 2000, Messer ran for the United States House of Representatives in Indiana's 2nd congressional district, where incumbent David M. McIntosh was retiring to run for governor of Indiana in the 2000 election. Messer received the endorsement of The Indianapolis Star.[12] He received 21 percent of the vote in the Republican Party's primary election, finishing behind conservative talk show host Mike Pence, who won with 44 percent of the vote, and Jeff Linder, who received 24 percent of the vote.[13] In 2001, Messer was chosen as the executive director of the Indiana Republican Party.[14]

Indiana House of Representatives

On May 23, 2003, Messer was selected to succeed W. Roland Stine, who died in a traffic collision, in the Indiana House of Representatives for the 57th district.[15] From 2003 to 2006, Messer represented District 57 in the Indiana House of Representatives, which contained parts of Shelby County and Bartholomew County.[16] During the 2005-06 legislative session, Messer was Assistant Majority Floor Leader.[17] His legislation aimed at curbing high school dropout rates received national attention after Shelbyville High School became a symbol of a national dropout crisis.[18] He did not run for reelection as State Representative in 2006, and was succeeded by Sean Eberhart.[19]

Lobbying work

Messer was a registered lobbyist from 2006 to 2012.[20][21]

In 2006, Messer joined Ice Miller LLP's lobbying division as a partner of their public affairs group.[22][23][24] His decision to join Ice Miller came a month after voting in favor of Indiana leasing the Indiana Toll Road to Cintra-Macquarie, an international consortium, for "75 years at a cost of $3.85 billion." Ice Miller, Indiana's largest law firm, represented Cintra-Macquarie in the deal.[25] Messer said he "did not know they represented anyone in connection with the Toll Road."[24]

Messer served as the Indiana co-chair of John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign.[26] In 2010, Messer ran for the House of Representatives in Indiana's 5th congressional district. He challenged Dan Burton, the incumbent representative, in the Republican primary. Burton narrowly defeated Messer.[27] Messer then became president and CEO of School Choice Indiana, a lobbying group that supported Indiana's private school voucher law.[28]

Since being elected to Congress in 2012, Ice Miller LLP has been Messer's top source of campaign contributions, having given him $82,238.[29]

United States House of Representatives

Elections

In May 2011, Mike Pence announced his intention to run for Governor of Indiana. Messer subsequently declared his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the district, which had been renumbered as the 6th District after the 2000 census. His home in Shelbyville had been drawn back into the district after the 2010 census after being drawn into the neighboring 5th after the 2000 census.[30] On May 8, 2012, Messer defeated a crowded field of Republican candidates seeking the party's nomination, including Columbus real estate investor Travis Hankins, winning with 71% of the vote.[31] He faced Democrat Brad Bookout, a Delaware County councilman, in the general election.[32][33] On November 6, 2012, Messer defeated Bookout with roughly 59% of the vote.[34] After the election, Messer moved to the Washington metropolitan area.[35]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Tenure

In November 2014, Messer was elected by his colleagues to Republican House Leadership as the House Republican Policy Committee Chairman, succeeding James Lankford, who had been elected to the United States Senate. Messer defeated Tom Reed and Rob Woodall.[38]

In 2017, Messer founded the Congressional School Choice caucus to promote the expansion of school voucher programs.[39]

In May 2018, Messer led a group of 18 House Republicans unofficially nominating President Trump for the Nobel Peace Prize "for his efforts to denuclearize the Korean Peninsula and end the 68-year-old war between North and South Korea".[40]

Political views and legislation

Messer, like Pence, is an ardent conservative. During his initial run for Congress, Messer told NPR member WFIU, "If you like Congressman Mike Pence, we’re going to have very similar philosophy in the way we approach the job."[41]

Social issues

Messer opposes abortion rights. He has a 100% rating from Indiana Right to Life for his abortion-related voting record. He opposes the federal government funding organizations that offer abortions, unless the abortions are the result of rape or incest or the woman's life is threatened.[42]

On January 4, 2013, Messer voted for the Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act, which prohibits distribution of federal family planning funds to organizations that offer abortions unless the abortion is the result of pregnancy from incest or rape or the woman's life is at risk.[42]

Messer opposes same-sex marriage.[43]

Economic issues

On May 9, 2013, Messer voted for the Full Faith and Credit Act, which prioritized spending if the debt limit is reached.[44] Messer voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and has stated his support for reforming the tax code to simplify it and reduce tax rates.[45] In 2013, he signed a pledge sponsored by conservative advocacy group Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any global warming legislation that would raise taxes.

Messer supports a balanced budget amendment. He opposes federal stimulus spending and supports limiting federal spending growth to per-capita inflation rate.[44]

Education

In August 2013, Messer worked to pass bipartisan legislation to prevent student loan interest rates from doubling in 2013 and to link student loan interest rates to market rates.[46]

In July 2017, Messer authored legislation to "upend the way American students pay for college."[47] His legislation lays the framework for income share agreements, which have several advantages over traditional student loans.[47] Messer has introduced legislation to require annual debt letters to be sent to student loan borrowers, which is based on an Indiana University program that reduced borrowing at the institution by 10 percent.[48] Messer worked with Sen. Patty Murray to restore Pell Grant eligibility to students who were attending ITT Tech when the institution closed, by convincing the Education Department to restore these benefits using an existing statute.[49]

Messer supports the expansion of school voucher programs.[39]

Health care

Messer is in favor of repealing the Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare") and replacing it with "something better".[50]

In May 2017, Messer voted for the House bill American Health Care Act of 2017, to partially repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[50]

Immigration

In July 2017, Messer authored legislation that would prevent undocumented immigrants from claiming the child tax credit.[51][52] President Donald Trump included the same proposal in his 2018 budget request to Congress.[53]

Messer commented on the work of a 2013 bipartisan House working group on immigration reform, saying that a pathway to citizenship and a deal on metrics to measure border security would be the biggest challenges to final passage of immigration reform.[54][55] Messer told Indiana's Biz Voice Magazine, "Those who came here unlawfully will have to pay penalties and back fees."[56][57][54]

Messer supported President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries, describing it as a measure to "protect Americans from terrorist threats" and saying that "President Trump is right to prioritize American safety."[58]

Veterans

Messer supported a GI Bill reform package passed by the House on June 25, 2017[59] and signed into law by President Trump,[60] which included a provision he authored that would retroactively restore education benefits to veterans attending schools that close mid-semester, like ITT Technical Institute.[61][62]

Crime

In February 2013, Messer voted in favor of reauthorizing the Violence Against Women Act.[43]

Messer has a 62% rating from the National Association of Police Organizations for his voting record on issues importance to police and crime.[63]

Messer has a "D" rating from NORML for his voting history regarding cannabis-related causes. Messer opposes veterans having access to medical marijuana if recommended by their Veterans Health Administration doctor and if it is legal for medicinal purposes in their state of residence.[64]

Gun rights

In 2012 and 2016, the NRA Political Victory Fund gave Messer an "A" rating for his gun-related voting record. Messer opposes restrictions on gun purchases.[65][66]

Electoral history

2000

Indiana's 2nd Congressional District Republican primary election (2000)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Pence 21,582 44.48
Republican Jeffery M. Linder 11,615 23.94
Republican Luke Messer 10,075 20.76
Republican Brad D. Steele 2,819 5.81
Republican David M. (Mike) Campbell 1,913 3.94
Republican Cliff Federle 513 1.06

2006

Indiana House of Representatives, 57th District (2006)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Luke Messer 16,004 100
Total votes 16,004 100
Republican hold

2010

Indiana's 5th Congressional District Republican primary election (2010)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Dan Burton (incumbent) 32,649 30
Republican Luke Messer 30,386 28
Republican John McGoff 20,645 19
Republican Michael B. Murphy 9,761 9
Republican Brose McVey 9,355 8
Republican Andy Lyons 3,948 4
Republican Ann Adcook 3,344 3

2012

Indiana's 6th Congressional District election, 2012[67]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Luke Messer 162,613 59
Democratic Brad Bookout 96,678 35
Libertarian Rex Bell 15,962 6
Total votes 275,253 100
Republican hold

2014

Indiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2014)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Luke Messer* 102,187 65.90
Democratic Susan Hall Heitzman 45,509 29.35
Libertarian Eric Miller 7,375 4.76
Total votes 155,071 100.00
Turnout   32
Republican hold

2016

Indiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2016)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Luke Messer* 204,920 69.14
Democratic Barry A. Welsh 79,135 26.70
Libertarian Rich Turvey 12,330 4.16
Total votes 296,385 100.00
Turnout   59
Republican hold

2018

Indiana's U.S. Senate Republican Primary Election (2018)
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Braun 208,104 41.2
Republican Todd Rokita 151,675 30.0
Republican Luke Messer 145,772 28.8
Total votes 100

Personal life

Messer and his wife Jennifer have two daughters and one son. Luke and Jennifer Messer are the authors of a children's book, Hoosier Heart.[68]

Messer was cited for driving under the influence (DUI) in 1990 and 1996.[69]

Following Messer's election to Congress, he sold his house in Shelbyville, Indiana and moved to McLean, Virginia, a Washington, D.C. suburb.[35] He is now listed as a registered voter at his mother's address in Greensburg, Indiana.[70] Messer has clarified that he owns the home with his mother and lives there when he is in the state.[71] He faced criticism from his opponents in the 2018 Republican primary election for the United States Senate for moving his family to the Washington, D.C. area.[72][73][74]

Fishers, an Indianapolis suburb, has paid Jennifer Messer $580,000 since 2015 in legal consulting she primarily does from the family's Washington, D.C. area home.[75] She is paid $20,000 a month as a part-time contract attorney for the city.[76] Jennifer Messer began the work for the City of Fishers two years before her husband was elected to Congress.[75] Fishers Mayor Scott Fadness said the arrangement helped usher in an era of "unprecedented" economic success in the growing suburb of about 85,000 people.[75] Messer has defended his wife's work, calling her "the brains of the Messer outfit", and Jennifer defended her work in an op-ed for The Indianapolis Star, calling an Associated Press story about her "unfair, intellectually dishonest and straight-up sexist".[77][78]

Messer is a Presbyterian.[79]

References

  1. ↑ "About". December 19, 2013.
  2. ↑ By $${element.Contributor} (July 26, 2017). "Indiana Rep. Luke Messer Running for Senate". Roll Call. Rollcall.com. Retrieved April 17, 2018. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  3. ↑ "Congressman Messer tells football players about sport's life lessons".
  4. ↑ "Luke Messer Sworn in Today as State Representative for House District 57". in.gov. May 28, 2003. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  5. ↑ Torrez, Jonathan. "The Wabash College Bachelor" (PDF). wabash.edu. Wabash College Board of Publications. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  6. ↑ "Indiana's 6th House District Luke Messer bio; The National Journal". nationaljournal.com. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  7. ↑ "Ex-McIntosh aide is seeking GOP nod to fill seat". The Indianapolis Star. October 14, 1999. Retrieved September 15, 2012. (subscription required)
  8. ↑ "LUKE MESSER INFORMATION". solitical.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  9. ↑ "REPRESENTATIVE LUKE MESSER'S BIOGRAPHY". votesmart.org. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  10. ↑ "President George W. Bush-Campaign Organization, Indiana". georgewashingtonuniversity.edu. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  11. ↑ "Wabash Alumnus Elected to Indiana General Assembly". wabash.edu. May 22, 2003. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  12. ↑ "Candidate Messer's good ideas for positive change". The Indianapolis Star. April 17, 2000. Retrieved September 15, 2012. (subscription required)
  13. ↑ Musgrave, Beth (May 3, 2000). "Pence wraps up GOP nomination for U.S. 2nd Congressional District". Palladium-Item. Richmond, Indiana. p. A1. Retrieved April 20, 2020 – via Newspapers.com. (subscription required)
  14. ↑ "Director named". The Republic. August 23, 2001. p. 2. Retrieved April 17, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. (subscription required)
  15. ↑ "23 May 2003, Page 26 - The Indianapolis Star at". Newspapers.com. May 23, 2003. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  16. ↑ "IBJ Newsbank Archives". Nl.newsbank.com. February 7, 2005. Retrieved September 14, 2012. (subscription required)
  17. ↑ "INDIANA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE CHAIRS // 2005-2006". state.in.us. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  18. ↑ Thornburgh/Shelbyville, Nathan (April 9, 2006). "Drop Out Nation; Time Magazine". www.time.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2006. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  19. ↑ "Election 2006: Indiana House". Indianapolis Star. October 31, 2006. Retrieved September 15, 2012. (subscription required)
  20. ↑ "Lobbyist Browsing". secure.in.gov. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
  21. ↑ GUINANE, PATRICK. "Lawmaker to work for firm linked to Toll Road lease". nwitimes.com. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
  22. ↑ InsideIndianaBusiness.com Report. "State Representative Luke Messer Joins Ice Miller – Newsroom – Inside INdiana Business with Gerry Dick". Insideindianabusiness.com. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  23. ↑ "INDIANA: Lawmaker-Lobbyist". Bond Buyer. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  24. 1 2 GUINANE, PATRICK. "Lawmaker to work for firm linked to Toll Road lease". nwitimes.com. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  25. ↑ "25 Largest Indianapolis-Area Law Firms". AmericanRegistry.com. March 2005.
  26. ↑ Davies, Tom (September 24, 2008). "Politics | Obama out to flip Indiana to Dems | Seattle Times Newspaper". Seattletimes.com. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  27. ↑ Schneider, Mary Beth (July 9, 2011). "Candidates line up for Pence's open seat in Congress". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
  28. ↑ "Messer defeats Bookout, wins Pence's 6th seat". San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. November 6, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  29. ↑ "Rep. Luke Messer: Campaign Finance/Money - Top Donors - Representative Career | OpenSecrets". www.opensecrets.org. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
  30. ↑ "Former state lawmaker announces run for Congress". Los Angeles Times. May 21, 2011. Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Messer conquers crowded Republican field in 6th District". indystar.com. May 8, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Bookout to face 'young gun' Messer in race for U.S. Congress seat | The Star Press". thestarpress.com. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  33. ↑ "Messer, Bookout win vote in Delaware County for U.S. Congress seat | The Star Press". thestarpress.com. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  34. ↑ Johannesen, Kirk (November 7, 2012). "Messer puts focus on jobs, budget work". The Republic. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  35. 1 2 "Mr. Messer goes to Washington". Madison Courier. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  36. ↑ "Committees and Caucuses | Congressman Luke Messer". Archived from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  37. ↑ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
  38. ↑ Fuller, Matt (November 13, 2014). "Indiana's Messer Wins Republican Policy Committee Gavel (Updated)". Retrieved October 5, 2017 – via www.rollcall.com.
  39. 1 2 "Messer has allies in push to expand school choice". USA Today. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  40. ↑ Greenwood, Max (May 2, 2018). "18 House Republicans nominate Trump for Nobel Peace Prize". The Hill. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  41. ↑ "6th District Candidates Compare Themselves To Mike Pence". WFIU. October 29, 2012. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  42. 1 2 "Luke Messer on Abortion". On The Issues. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  43. 1 2 "Luke Messer on Civil Rights". On The Issues. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  44. 1 2 "Luke Messer on Budget & Economy". On The Issues. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  45. ↑ "Rep. Luke Messer: GOP Tax plan will create more jobs and bigger paychecks". CNBC. November 2, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
  46. ↑ "An Unusual Feat in Congress: Student Loan Bill Breezes On". The New York Times. July 31, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  47. 1 2 "A New Way To Pay For College Gets A Boost In Congress". Forbes. July 6, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  48. ↑ "Bill would make IU student debt initiative a nationwide requirement". The Bloomington Herald Times. March 18, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  49. ↑ "Bipartisan Solution". Inside Higher Ed. October 31, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  50. 1 2 Wiechmann, Stephanie (May 4, 2017). "Congressman Messer Votes For AHCA As Healthcare Plan Passes House". Indiana Public Radio. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  51. ↑ "GOP rep urges Trump to prevent illegal immigrants from claiming child tax credits". The Hill. February 13, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  52. ↑ DePillis, Lydia. "How the GOP tax bills hurt undocumented immigrants". CNNMoney. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
  53. ↑ "The proposal was included in President Donald Trump's 2018 budget request to Congress". WSCH. May 24, 2017. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  54. 1 2 "House working group to unveil immigration plan". msnbc.com. April 8, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  55. ↑ Immigration deal in sight, retrieved July 13, 2017
  56. ↑ Patrick, Rebecca (July 2013). "Popular Newcomer Eyes Progress" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015.
  57. ↑ "Obama Puts Spotlight on Immigration Reform". VOA. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  58. ↑ Blake, Aaron (January 29, 2017). "Coffman, Gardner join Republicans against President Trump's travel ban; here's where the rest stand". Denver Post. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
  59. ↑ "The Latest: House approves big expansion of GI Bill benefits". ABC News. July 24, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  60. ↑ "GI Bill officially becomes a forever benefit". The American Legion. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  61. ↑ "Expanded GI Bill passes House on unanimous vote". Fort Wayne Journal Gazette. July 25, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  62. ↑ "Veterans await help after ITT Tech shutdown". WISH-TV. July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  63. ↑ "Luke Messer on Crime". On The Issues. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  64. ↑ "Indiana Scorecard". NORML. Archived from the original on June 8, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  65. ↑ "VOTE FREEDOM FIRST ON OR BEFORE MAY 3RD – VOTE LUKE MESSER FOR U.S. HOUSE!". nrapvf.org. NRA-PVF. Archived from the original on August 17, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  66. ↑ "Luke Messer on Gun Control". On The Issues. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  67. ↑ "Election Results". Indiana Elections Division. November 28, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  68. ↑ "Election 2012 Luke Messer bio; The Wall Street Journal". projects.wsj.com. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  69. ↑ "Luke Messer didn't disclose DUIs when he replaced lawmaker killed by drunk driver". IndyStar.com. April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  70. ↑ Francisco, Brian. "Messer announces Senate bid". journalgazette.net. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  71. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE: Messer Sets ABC News, Associated Press Straight on Wife's Employment, Living Situation | 93.1 WIBC". 93.1 WIBC. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  72. ↑ "Indiana Reps Still Wrestling With Residency". Roll Call. September 15, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
  73. ↑ "Indiana Headed for Another Member-on-Member Senate Primary". Roll Call. March 23, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
  74. ↑ "Republicans with eye on Senate heat up their feud | Political notebook | Journal Gazette". www.journalgazette.net. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
  75. 1 2 3 "AP: Fishers pays Rep. Luke Messer's wife $20K/month". Indianapolis Star. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  76. ↑ "AP report: Fishers pays Rep. Luke Messer's wife $240K for part-time job". CBS 4 - Indianapolis News, Weather, Traffic and Sports | WTTV. June 21, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  77. ↑ "Messer Defends Wife's $20K a Month Contract With City". Roll Call. May 12, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  78. ↑ "Jennifer Messer: 'I work diligently for Fishers'". Indianapolis Star. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  79. ↑ Religious affiliation of members of 115th Congress (PDF) (Report). Pew Research Center. January 3, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
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