Some of the most important explorations of State Societies, in chronological order:

Exploration When Who (explorer)
Northwest African coast (West Africa) about 500 BC Hanno the Navigator
The Mediterranean Sea 5th century BC Himilco the Navigator
Around western Europe to Thule Island about 330 BC Pytheas of Marseilles
Greenland, Iceland, and Faroes 900 Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
Americas (North America) 999 Leif Ericson
Brazil (South America) - controversial c. 14th century CE Abu Bakr II
Sahelian kingdoms 1351-1354 Ibn Battuta
Great permanent wind wheel of Volta do Mar, the North Atlantic Gyre. Recognition of the Sargasso Sea, Madeira, Azores and West African coast. Cape Verde 1427-1460 Several navigators: Portuguese or serving Portugal, most under the sponsorship of Henry the Navigator
Congo River, Angola and Namibia 1482-1485 Diogo Cão
South Africa. Connected the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. South Atlantic Volta do Mar winds 1482-1485 Bartolomeu Dias
Caribbean, Venezuela (South America) and Central America. Use and development of the North Atlantic routes 1493-1502 Christopher Columbus
Atlantic Ocean (outer routes) and Indian Ocean, Sea route to India (Europe to Asia) 1497-1499 Vasco da Gama
Brazil, South Atlantic Volta do Mar, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, gate of the Red Sea (Bab-el-Mandeb Strait); India. Voyage that united Europe, Americas, Africa and Asia 1500-1501 Pedro Álvares Cabral and Diogo Dias, among others
Timor, Moluccas (Australasia - Pacific Ocean) 1512-1513 António de Abreu and Francisco Serrão
Circumnavigation of the Globe. Connection from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean (Americas to Asia) 1519-1522 Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano
Mexico 1519-1521 Hernán Cortés
Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and east of the Inca Empire 1525-1527 Aleixo Garcia
Traveled across the Southwest of North America (Completely) 1528 Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
Peru, Inca Empire and Ecuador 1531-1534 Francisco Pizarro
Ecuador and Brazil. Length of the Amazon river 1531-1534 Francisco de Orellana
Canada, Saint Lawrence River 1534-1542 Jacques Cartier
Colombia, Conquest of the Muisca 1536-1537 Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
Pacific Ocean's Volta do Mar (Asia to the Americas) 1564-1565 Andrés de Urdaneta
Galápagos Islands, Rapa Nui c. 1480 Tupaq Inka Yupanki. 1594-1597
Rediscovered by the Spanish
North, Canada (Hudson Bay) 1574-1631 Henry Hudson
North 1594-1597 Willem Barents
Siberia and Pacific coast. 1649-1641 Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin
Oceania 1642-1643 Abel Tasman
Brazil (Circumnavigation), Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru. Connected the River Plate Basin to the Andes and to the mouth of the Amazon River 1648-1651 António Raposo Tavares
Oceania 1768-1779 James Cook
North Pacific, western Alaska, Far East Eurasian Coast 1771 Moric Benovsky
Hawaiian Islands By c. 800 Hawaiʻiloa (mythical)
Central America and Latin America 1799-1803 Alexander von Humboldt
Northwest Plateau of North America 1804-1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition
The North Magnetic Pole 1831-06-01 James Clark Ross
Australia c. 1640 Makassar People before. Explored by Abel Tasman
Interior of Africa 1851-1873 David Livingstone
The Burke and Wills expedition (Central Australia) 1860-1861 Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills
Exploration of the Zambeze river region, Central Africa, Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zaire 1877 Serpa Pinto
The Northern Sea Route 1878 Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
The South Magnetic Pole January 16, 1909 Douglas Mawson, Edgeworth David, and Alistair Mackay
The North Pole April 6, 1909 Robert Peary
The South Pole December 14, 1911 Roald Amundsen
The South Pole January 17, 1912 Robert Falcon Scott
Mount Everest Summit May 29, 1953 Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
The Moon July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11)
Mars 1960 to present NASA and other space agency exploration robots

See also

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