Madonna concerts | |
---|---|
Concert tours | 12 |
One-off concerts | 19 |
Benefit concerts | 9 |
Music festivals | 7 |
American singer Madonna has performed on twelve concert tours, nineteen one-off concerts, nine benefit concerts, and three music festivals. Madonna has been nicknamed by some publications as the "Queen of Concerts" or "Queen of Touring", recognizing her "years-deep involvement in the touring game" and stage shows.[1][2] Once the highest-grossing female touring artist according to Billboard Boxscore and Pollstar,[3][4] Madonna remains one of the highest-grossing live touring acts.
Her 1985 debut concert tour, The Virgin Tour, was held in North America only and went on to collect more than US $5 million.[5] In 1987 she performed on the worldwide Who's That Girl World Tour, which visited Europe, North America and Japan, and earned $25 million.[6][7] One of the tour's shows in Paris in front of 130,000 fans was the largest paying concert audience by a female artist at the time and remains the largest crowd of any concert in French history.[8][9] In 1990, she embarked on the Blond Ambition World Tour, which was dubbed the "Greatest Concert of the 1990s" by Rolling Stone.[10] BBC credited the tour with "invent[ing] the modern, multi-media pop spectacle".[11] In 1993, Madonna visited Israel and Turkey for the first time, followed by Latin America and Australia, with The Girlie Show.[7] A review in Time by Sam Buckley said: "Madonna, once the Harlow harlot and now a perky harlequin, is the greatest show-off on earth."[12]
Madonna did not tour again until the Drowned World Tour in 2001. She played the guitar and her costumes included a punkish tartan kilt and a geisha kimono. Some critics complained that the show concentrated on material from her most recent albums, but generally, the response was favorable.[7] She grossed more than US $75 million with summer sold-out shows and eventually played in front of 730,000 people throughout North America and Europe.[13][14] The Drowned World Tour was followed by the 2004 Re-Invention World Tour. Madonna was inspired to create the tour after taking part in an art installation called X-STaTIC PRo=CeSS, directed by photographer Steven Klein.[15] Billboard awarded Madonna the "Backstage Pass Award" in recognition of having the top-grossing tour of the year, with ticket sales of nearly US $125 million.[16]
Madonna's next tours broke world records, with the 2006 Confessions Tour grossing over US $194.7 million,[17] becoming the highest-grossing tour ever for a female artist at that time.[18] This feat was surpassed in 2008 with the Sticky & Sweet Tour, which at the time, became the highest-grossing tour ever by a solo artist, and the second highest-grossing tour of all time, with approximately US $411 million in ticket sales.[19] In 2012, The MDNA Tour was completed as the tenth highest-grossing tour of all time with US $305 million, the second highest among female artists at the time, only behind the Sticky & Sweet Tour.[20] Her 2015–16 Rebel Heart Tour was an all-arena tour which grossed $169.8 million from 1.045 million attendance.[21]
Madonna has embarked on several promotional concerts to promote her studio albums, as well as performing award shows and benefit concerts like Live Aid (1985), Live 8 (2005) and Live Earth (2007). In 2012, she headlined the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, which at that time was the most-watched halftime show in history. According to Billboard Boxscore, Madonna grossed over $1.31 billion in concert ticket sales between 1990 and 2016; she first crossed a billion gross with The MDNA Tour. Overall, Madonna ranks third, with just The Rolling Stones ($1.84 billion) and U2 ($1.67 billion) ahead of her.[21] During the London stop of her 2006 Confessions Tour, Madonna became the first performer to be inducted into the Wembley Arena Square of Fame.[22]
Concert tours
Title | Date | Associated album(s) | Continent(s) | Shows | Gross | Gross adj. in 2022[23] |
Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Virgin Tour | April 10, 1985 – June 11, 1985 | Madonna Like a Virgin |
North America | 40 | $5,000,000 | $13,604,579 | 400,000[lower-alpha 1] | [5] [24][25] |
Who's That Girl World Tour | June 14, 1987 – September 6, 1987 | True Blue Who's That Girl |
Asia North America Europe |
38 | $25,000,000 | $64,396,602 | 1,317,663 | [26] [27] |
Blond Ambition World Tour | April 13, 1990 – August 5, 1990 | Like a Prayer I'm Breathless |
Asia North America Europe |
57 | $62,700,000 | $140,444,167 | 2,000,000[lower-alpha 1] | [28] [29] [30] |
The Girlie Show | September 25, 1993 – December 19, 1993 | Erotica | Europe North America South America Asia Oceania |
39 | $70,000,000 | $141,806,035 | 1,279,123 | [31] [32] |
Drowned World Tour | June 9, 2001 – September 15, 2001 | Ray of Light Music |
Europe North America |
47 | $75,000,000 | $123,952,265 | 732,606 | [33] [34] |
Re-Invention World Tour | May 24, 2004 – September 14, 2004 | American Life | Europe North America |
56 | $124,790,787 | $193,342,174 | 897,207 | [35] [36] |
Confessions Tour | May 21, 2006 – September 21, 2006 | Confessions on a Dance Floor | Europe North America Asia |
60 | $194,754,447 | $282,712,216 | 1,209,593 | [37] [38] |
Sticky & Sweet Tour | August 23, 2008 – September 2, 2009 | Hard Candy | Europe North America South America Asia |
85 | $411,000,000 | $560,622,615 | 3,545,899 | [19] [39] |
The MDNA Tour | May 31, 2012 – December 22, 2012 | MDNA | Asia Europe North America South America |
88 | $305,158,362 | $388,978,495 | 2,212,345 | [40] [41] |
Rebel Heart Tour | September 9, 2015 – March 20, 2016 | Rebel Heart | North America Europe Asia Oceania |
82 | $169,804,336 | $207,052,043 | 1,045,479 | [21] |
Madame X Tour | September 17, 2019 – March 8, 2020 | Madame X | North America Europe |
75 | $51,361,008 | $58,788,065 | 179,289 | [42] [43] |
The Celebration Tour | October 14, 2023 – April 26, 2024 | Various | Europe North America |
79 | TBD | TBD | TBD | |
One-off concerts
Date | Event | City | Performed song(s) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
October 13, 1983 | Madonna promotional show (Camden Palace) |
London |
|
[44] |
February 14, 1998 | Ray of Light promotional show (Roxy NYC) |
New York City |
|
[45] |
November 5, 2000 | Music promotional show (Roseland Ballroom) |
|
[46] | |
November 29, 2000 | Music promotional show (Brixton Academy) |
London |
|
[47] |
April 22, 2003 | Madonna: On Stage and on the Record (MTV Studios) |
New York City |
|
[48] |
April 23, 2003 | American Life promotional show (Tower Records) |
|
[49] | |
April 30, 2003 | Absolut Madonna (RTL Studio) |
Cologne |
|
[50] |
May 9, 2003 | American Life promotional show (HMV Oxford Circus) |
London |
|
[51] |
November 15, 2005 | Confessions on a Dance Floor promotional show (KOKO) |
|
[52] | |
November 19, 2005 | Confessions on a Dance Floor promotional show (G-A-Y) |
|
[53] | |
December 7, 2005 | Confessions on a Dance Floor promotional show (Studio Coast) |
Tokyo |
|
[54] |
April 30, 2008 | Hard Candy promotional show (Roseland Ballroom) |
New York City |
|
[55] |
May 6, 2008 | Hard Candy promotional show (Olympia) |
Paris |
|
[56] |
May 10, 2008 | Hard Candy promotional show (Mote Park) |
Maidstone | [57] | |
February 2, 2012 | Super Bowl XLVI halftime show (Lucas Oil Stadium) |
Indianapolis |
|
[58] |
March 10, 2016 | Madonna: Tears of a Clown (Forum Theatre) |
Melbourne |
|
[59] |
November 7, 2016 | Hillary Clinton campaign concert (Washington Square Park) |
New York City |
|
[60] |
May 7, 2018 | Met Gala (Metropolitan Museum of Art) |
|
[61] | |
June 30, 2019 | Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC (Pier 97, Hudson River Park) |
|
[62] | |
April 30, 2022 | Maluma hometown concert | Medellín | [63] | |
June 24, 2022 | NYC Pride March | New York City |
|
[64] |
Benefit concerts
Music festivals
Date | Event | City | Performed song(s) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
February 22, 1995 | Sanremo Music Festival | Sanremo | "Take a Bow" (with Babyface) | [74] |
February 24, 1998 | Sanremo Music Festival | Sanremo | "Frozen" | [75] |
April 30, 2006 | Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival | Indio |
|
[76] |
May 10, 2008 | BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend | Maidstone |
|
[77] |
March 25, 2012 | Ultra Music Festival | Miami | "Girl Gone Wild" (as a guest during Avicii's act) | [78] |
April 12, 2015 | Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival | Indio |
|
[79] |
May 18, 2019 | Eurovision Song Contest | Tel Aviv |
|
See also
Notes
References
Citations
- ↑ Brathwaite, Lester Fabian (March 4, 2015). "Re-Evolution: 30 Years of Madonna in Concert". Logo TV. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
- ↑ "Billboard on Instagram". Billboard. March 16, 2016. Archived from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2022 – via Instagram.
- 1 2 Frankenberg, Eric (January 20, 2023). "How Much Money Could Madonna's Celebration Tour Make?". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 21, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
- Lynch, Joe (June 30, 2023). "Madonna Tour on 'Pause' After Bacterial Infection Leads to Hospitalization". Billboard. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ↑ "Top Touring Artists Of The Pollstar Era" (PDF). Pollstar. July 7, 2022. pp. 1, 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
- 1 2 Sherman, Heidi (July 7, 2001). "Madonna 'The Virgin Tour' 1985". Spin. Spin Media LLC. 17 (7). ISSN 0886-3032. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ↑ Barker, Emily (November 12, 2014). "10 Badass Photos Of Madonna From The 80s". NME. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
- 1 2 3 Young, Neil (May 24, 2004). "Show-stealer Madonna on tour". BBC. BBC. Archived from the original on August 4, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
- ↑ Bassets, Luis (August 31, 1987). "Madonna convocó en París a 130.000 personas". El País (in Spanish). Madrid: Jesús de Polanco. Archived from the original on March 11, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
- ↑ Greenhouse, Stephen (August 29, 1987). "Chirac Says 'Oui' to Madonna And Angers a Local Mayor". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
- ↑ "Ahead of her Eurovision performance, look back at Madonna's trailblazing fashion moments". The Daily Telegraph. August 16, 2016. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
- ↑ Savage, Mark (December 2, 2015). "Madonna returns to scene of Brits fall". BBC. Archived from the original on December 2, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
- ↑ Taraborrelli 2002, p. 230
- ↑ Reporter, BBC (September 21, 2006). "Madonna world tour 'sets record'". BBC. BBC Online. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- ↑ Cross 2007, p. 90
- ↑ Timmerman 2007, p. 23
- ↑ Dunhill, Sam (November 4, 2004). "Madonna Tour Gets Top 'Backstage Pass' Honor". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
- ↑ Young, Tom (February 21, 2007). "Madonna, The Confessions Tour". BBC. Archived from the original on April 24, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
- ↑ Waddell, Ray (September 20, 2006). "Madonna's 'Confessions' Tour Sets Record". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
- 1 2 Allen, Bob (March 27, 2020). "Ladies Might: Box Office Triumph By Top Female Earners". Pollstar. Archived from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
- ↑ Waddell, Ray (January 23, 2013). "Madonna's 'MDNA' Tour Makes Billboard Boxscore's All-Time Top 10". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
- 1 2 3 Allen, Bob (March 24, 2016). "Madonna Extends Record as Highest-Grossing Solo Touring Artist: $1.31 Billion Earned". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
- ↑ "Madonna gets first Wembley honour". BBC News (BBC). August 2, 2006. Archived from the original on April 10, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
- ↑ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved May 28, 2023.
- ↑ "Madonna.com > Tours > The Virgin Tour". Icon: The Official Madonna website. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ↑ Thompson, Douglas Henry (1991). The movies. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Pub. Group. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-5597-2099-1.
There were the business things: the fantastic success of the "Like a Virgin" tour which played to nearly 400,000 fans in twenty-seven cities with Beastie Boys as the supporting band.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ↑ Taraborrelli 2002, p. 126
- ↑ Bego 2000, p. 190
- ↑ Voller 1999, p. 32
- ↑ "Madonna.com > Tours: Blond Ambition Tour". Icon: The Official Madonna website. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
- ↑ Tassoni, Leo (1993). "En la cama con Madonna". Madonna (in Spanish). Icaria Editorial. p. 140. ISBN 84-7426-207-0. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
A lo largo de más de cuatro meses, Madonna desgranó su dieciocho temas en Japón, Norteamérica y Europa, actuando ante más de dos millones de personas
- ↑ Hadden, Brian (September 10, 1993). "Madonna: She's back again". Time. Vol. 142, no. 24. New York. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ↑ "Madonna.com > Tours > The Girlie Show". Icon: The Official Madonna website. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2011.
- ↑ Caulfield, Keith (December 29, 2001). "The Year in Touring". Billboard. Vol. 113, no. 52. New York City. p. 44. ISSN 0006-2510.
- ↑ Drowned World Tour 2001 (DVD). Madonna. Santa Monica: Warner Music Vision. 2001. p. 13. 7599-38558-2.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ↑ Silverman, Stephen M. (June 1, 2004). "Madonna Boasts Top-Grossing Show of Year". People. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2009.
- ↑ Timmerman 2007, p. 27
- ↑ Waddell, Ray (September 20, 2006). "Madonna's 'Confessions' Tour Sets Record". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
- ↑ "Track list: Madonna's Confessions Tour". Rolling Stone. June 1, 2006. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2009.
- ↑ Reporter, Associated (September 2, 2009). "Madonna 'Takes a Bow' as Final Show of Record-Smashing 'Sticky & Sweet' Tour Ends..." Reuters. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
- ↑ "Top 25 Tours of 2012". Billboard. January 3, 2013. Archived from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
- ↑ "MDNA World Tour To Be Released In Multiple Formats September 10th". Madonna.com. August 8, 2013. Archived from the original on August 12, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
- ↑ Shaffer, Claire (May 6, 2019). "Madonna Announces Intimate Theater Performances in 'Madame X' Tour". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Roffman, Michael (October 18, 2019). "Live Review: Madonna Challenges Fans as Madame X at The Chicago Theatre (10/16)". Consequence of Sound. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- ↑ Robin Denselow, Bart Mills (October 15, 2009). "From the archive: Madonna at Camden Palace". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ Vineyard, Jennifer (February 16, 1998). "Madonna Lights Up New York's Roxy". MTV News. Viacom. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ Aquilante, Dan (November 6, 2000). "It'S Free-Dom For All As Madonna Plays Roseland". New York Post. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ Sawyer, Miranda (December 3, 2000). "Madonna gets them in". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ "Madonna: On Stage and On the Record". On the Record. Season 5. New York City. April 22, 2003. MTV.
- ↑ Christman, Ed (May 10, 2003). "Retail Track: Madonna Makes Music". Billboard. Vol. 115, no. 19. p. 45. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ Wellershoff, Von Marianne (May 4, 2003). "RTL und der Weltsuperstar: Schülerzeitung meets Madonna". Der Spiegel (in German). Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ Davies, Hugh (May 10, 2003). "HMV? More like a Virgin". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ Hand, John (November 16, 2005). "Entertainment | Madonna's intimate night with her fans". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ "News > Madonna performs live from the G-A-Y Astoria in London". Madonna.com. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ "News > Madonna performs live from the Studio Coast club in Tokyo". Madonna.com. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ Harris, Chris (May 1, 2008). "Madonna — With Special Guest Justin Timberlake – Rips Through A Furiously Paced Set In NYC". MTV News. Viacom. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ "Madonna loves to 'french the French'". The Sydney Morning Herald. May 7, 2008. Archived from the original on June 16, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ "Madonna reigns supreme with her return to live performance". Hello. May 11, 2008. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- ↑ Vena, Jocelyn (February 5, 2012). "Madonna Gives High Energy Super Bowl Halftime Show". MTV News. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ Brandle, Lars (March 3, 2016). "Madonna Announces Intimate Music, Art and Comedy Club Show for Australian Fans". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
- ↑ "Madonna Performs Surprise Concert for Clinton in NYC Park". WNBC. November 7, 2016. Archived from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
- ↑ Park, Andrea (May 8, 2018). "Met Gala 2018: Madonna Performs "Like a Prayer"". W Magazine. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
- ↑ Setoodeh, Ramin (June 30, 2019). "Madonna Closes World Pride With Message About Gun Violence in America". Variety. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
- ↑ Gomez, Luis (May 1, 2022). "Maluma Delivers Hometown Extravaganza in Medellin With Surprise Guests Madonna, Feid & More". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
- ↑ Lynch, Joe (June 24, 2022). "Madonna Makes Out With Tokischa During NYC Pride Week". Billboard. Archived from the original on August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
- ↑ Morton 2002, p. 332
- ↑ Pareles, Jon (April 29, 1998). "POP REVIEW; Meet the Beatles Again, And Their Musical Fans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ↑ Reporter, Press (January 18, 2005). "Stars lend a hand". MSNBC. Archived from the original on October 5, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
- ↑ "Madonna: The Live 8 Event". BBC News. July 2, 2006. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
- ↑ "£17m raised by BBC Children in Need so far". BBC News. November 19, 2005. Archived from the original on November 23, 2009. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ Sutherland, Mark (July 7, 2007). "Live Earth London Wraps With Madonna Spectacular". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 16, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
- ↑ Johnston, Maura (January 22, 2010). "Madonna Brings Classic 'Like A Prayer' To 'Hope For Haiti Now' Telethon". MTV News. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
- ↑ "Madonna raises $7.5M for Malawi, slams Trump in Miami show". CNBC. December 2, 2016. Archived from the original on December 4, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
- ↑ Gardner, Chris (July 27, 2017). "Madonna Makes Surprise Appearance at Leonardo DiCaprio's St. Tropez Fundraiser". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
- ↑ "Madonna and Babyface perform 'Take A Bow' at the San Remo Festival". Madonna.com. February 2, 1995. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "Madonna performs at the San Remo Music Festival". Madonna.com. January 24, 1998. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ↑ "Coachella Day Two: Madonna Makes It Quick, Gnarls Goes 'Crazy'". Billboard. October 9, 2005. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ "Madonna reworks hits at Radio 1's Big Weekend". NME. May 11, 2008. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
- ↑ "Madonna Joins Avicii at Ultra Music Festival". Rolling Stone. March 25, 2012. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
- ↑ Horowitz, Steven J. (April 13, 2015). "Drake Sucks Face with Madonna During Hit-and-Miss Coachella Set". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 20, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
Book sources
- Batchelor, Bob; Stoddart, Scott (2007), The 1980s, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-313-33000-1
- Bego, Mark (2000), Madonna: Blonde Ambition, Cooper Square Press, ISBN 0-8154-1051-4
- Clerk, Carol (2002), Madonnastyle, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-8874-9
- Cross, Mary (2007), Madonna: A Biography, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-313-33811-3
- Fouz-Hernández, Santiago; Jarman-Ivens, Freya (2004), Madonna's Drowned Worlds, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 0-7546-3372-1
- Guilbert, Georges-Claude (2002), Madonna As Postmodern Myth, McFarland, ISBN 0-7864-1408-1
- Morton, Andrew (2002), Madonna, Macmillan Publishers, ISBN 0-312-98310-7
- Rooksby, Rikky (2004), The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-9883-3
- Taraborrelli, Randy J. (2002), Madonna: An Intimate Biography, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-7432-2709-3
- Timmerman, Dirk (2007), Madonna Live! Secret Re-inventions and Confessions on Tour, Maklu Publications Inc, ISBN 9789085950028
- Voller, Debbi (1999), Madonna: The Style Book, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-7511-6