"Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" | |
---|---|
Song | |
Published | 1945 |
Composer(s) | Jule Styne |
Lyricist(s) | Sammy Cahn |
"Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!", also known as simply "Let It Snow", is a song written by lyricist Sammy Cahn and composer Jule Styne in July 1945 in Hollywood, California, during a heatwave as Cahn and Styne imagined cooler conditions.[1][2] The song was first recorded that fall by Vaughn Monroe, was released just after Thanksgiving, and became a hit by Christmas.[3]
Despite the lyrics making no mention of any holiday, the song has come to be regarded as a Christmas song worldwide due to its winter theme, being played on radio stations during the Christmas and holiday season, and having often been covered by various artists on Christmas-themed albums.[4] In the Southern Hemisphere, it can be played during the winter months of June, July, and August; and in New Zealand, some play it at Matariki.
Frank Sinatra version
"Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" | |
---|---|
Single by Frank Sinatra | |
from the album Christmas Songs by Sinatra | |
B-side | "Remember Me in Your Dreams" |
Released | 1950 |
Genre | |
Length | 2:36 |
Label | Columbia |
Composer(s) | Jule Styne |
Lyricist(s) | Sammy Cahn |
American singer Frank Sinatra released a version as a single in 1950 that featured The B. Swanson Quartet.[5][6]
Chart (1950–2024) | Peak position |
---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[7] | 17 |
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[8] | 52 |
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[9] | 36 |
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[10] | 34 |
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[11] | 28 |
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[12] | 13 |
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[13] | 13 |
France (SNEP)[14] | 43 |
Germany (Official German Charts)[15] | 65 |
Global 200 (Billboard)[16] | 41 |
Greece International Digital Singles (IFPI)[17] | 22 |
Hungary (Single Top 40)[18] | 22 |
Hungary (Stream Top 40)[19] | 6 |
Ireland (IRMA)[20] | 34 |
Italy (FIMI)[21] | 33 |
Latvia (LAIPA)[22] | 9 |
Lithuania (AGATA)[23] | 19 |
Luxembourg (Billboard)[24] | 25 |
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[25] | 16 |
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[26] | 15 |
Poland (Polish Streaming Top 100)[27] | 38 |
Portugal (AFP)[28] | 19 |
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[29] | 19 |
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[30] | 69 |
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[31] | 12 |
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[32] | 16 |
UK Singles (OCC)[33] | 33 |
US Holiday 100 (Billboard)[34] | 45 |
US Rolling Stone Top 100[35] | 81 |
Certifications
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[36] | Platinum | 70,000‡ |
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[37] | Platinum | 90,000‡ |
Italy (FIMI)[38] | Platinum | 100,000‡ |
New Zealand (RMNZ)[39] | Platinum | 30,000‡ |
Portugal (AFP)[40] | Gold | 5,000‡ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[41] | Platinum | 600,000‡ |
Streaming | ||
Greece (IFPI Greece)[42] | Gold | 1,000,000† |
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |
Dean Martin version
"Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Single by Dean Martin | ||||
from the album A Winter Romance | ||||
Released | 1959 | |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 1:55 | |||
Label | Capitol | |||
Composer(s) | Jule Styne | |||
Lyricist(s) | Sammy Cahn | |||
Dean Martin singles chronology | ||||
|
American singer Dean Martin released a version of the song in 1959, as part of his album A Winter Romance, and a re-recorded version in 1966, as part of The Dean Martin Christmas Album. The song entered the Billboard Hot 100 for the first time in 2018 and every year since, peaking at number 8 through 2023, with a total of 29 weeks in the Top 100.[43]
Chart (1966–2024) | Peak position |
---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[44] | 13 |
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[45] | 7 |
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[46] | 18 |
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[47] | 12 |
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[48] | 9 |
Croatia (Billboard)[49] | 15 |
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[50] | 10 |
Denmark (Tracklisten)[51] | 15 |
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[52] | 11 |
France (SNEP)[53] | 11 |
Germany (Official German Charts)[54] | 5 |
Global 200 (Billboard)[55] | 6 |
Greece International (IFPI)[56] | 4 |
Hungary (Single Top 40)[57] | 9 |
Hungary (Stream Top 40)[58] | 9 |
Iceland (Plötutíðindi)[59] | 13 |
Ireland (IRMA)[60] | 10 |
Italy (FIMI)[61] | 5 |
Latvia (LAIPA)[22] | 15 |
Lithuania (AGATA)[62] | 4 |
Croatia (Billboard)[63] | 4 |
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[64] | 15 |
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[65] | 16 |
Norway (VG-lista)[66] | 22 |
Poland (Polish Streaming Top 100)[27] | 8 |
Portugal (AFP)[67] | 11 |
Singapore (RIAS)[68] | 21 |
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[69] | 7 |
Slovenia (SloTop50)[70] | 26 |
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[71] | 70 |
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[72] | 28 |
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[73] | 5 |
United Arab Emirates (IFPI)[74] | 20 |
UK Singles (OCC)[75] | 13 |
US Billboard Hot 100[76] | 7 |
US Holiday 100 (Billboard)[77] | 6 |
US Rolling Stone Top 100[78] | 7 |
Certifications
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[79] | Platinum | 70,000‡ |
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[80] | Gold | 45,000‡ |
Italy (FIMI)[81] | Platinum | 100,000‡ |
New Zealand (RMNZ)[82] | Gold | 15,000‡ |
Portugal (AFP)[83] | Gold | 20,000‡ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[84] | 2× Platinum | 1,200,000‡ |
Streaming | ||
Greece (IFPI Greece)[85] | Gold | 1,000,000† |
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |
Jessica Simpson version
"Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" | |
---|---|
Single by Jessica Simpson | |
from the album Rejoyce: The Christmas Album | |
Released | November 22, 2004[86] |
Recorded | 2004 |
Genre | |
Length | 2:01 |
Label | Columbia |
Composer(s) | Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne |
Lyricist(s) | Sammy Cahn |
American singer Jessica Simpson released a version of the song in 2004, as part of her album Rejoyce: The Christmas Album. Her version was produced by Billy Mann. The song has a music video. Simpson's version reached No. 20 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.
Chart (2004) | Peak position |
---|---|
US Billboard AC[87] | 20 |
Other charting recordings
Glee Cast version
Chart (2011–2012) | Peak position |
---|---|
US Holiday Digital Song Sales (Billboard)[88] | 22 |
Michael Bublé version
Chart (2021–2022) | Peak position |
---|---|
Ireland (IRMA)[89] | 61 |
UK Singles (OCC)[90] | 44 |
US Billboard Adult Contemporary (chart)[91] | 1 |
Other notable versions
Widely heard recordings of the song include:
- 1945 (first recording) – Vaughn Monroe for RCA Victor, which became a popular hit, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard "Best Sellers" music chart for five weeks from late December into early 1946.[3] Vaughn later re-recorded the song in stereo for his 1958 album There I Sing/Swing It Again.[92]
- 1946 – Woody Herman for Columbia Records, which reached No. 8 on the Billboard chart. Other 1946 versions were recorded by Connee Boswell for Decca Records and Bob Crosby for ARA Records.
- 1962 – Bing Crosby, on his album I Wish You a Merry Christmas.[93]
- 2005 – Carly Simon, on a CD single. Her version is unusual in being sung from the point of view of the host instead of the guest.[94] It peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.[95]
- 2012 – Rod Stewart, on his album Merry Christmas, Baby. Stewart's version reached No. 1 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart in December 2012 and remained there for a total of five weeks, tying it for the longest leading rendition of a holiday title in the history of the chart.[96][97]
See also
References
- ↑ Gilliland, John (1994). Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s (audiobook). ISBN 978-1-55935-147-8. OCLC 31611854. Tape 3, side A.
- ↑ Theroux, Alexander (February 16, 2013). The Grammar of Rock: Art and Artlessness in 20th Century Pop Lyrics. Fantagraphics Books. ISBN 9781606996164. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
- 1 2 Collins, Ace (2010). Stories Behind the Greatest Hits of Christmas. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0310327950. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
- ↑ "8 Surprising Facts About 'Let It Snow'". mentalfloss.com. December 19, 2019. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". Discogs. December 1950. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra Discography The Columbia Years — 1950 – 1952". JazzDiscography.com. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ↑ "ARIA Top 50 Singles Chart". Australian Recording Industry Association. January 2, 2023. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
- ↑ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Change the chart to CZ – SINGLES DIGITAL – TOP 100 and insert 201851 into search. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra: Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow! (With The B. Swanson Quartet)" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ↑ "Top Singles (Week 52, 2023)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra Chart History (Global 200)". Billboard. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Official IFPI Charts – Digital Singles Chart (International) – Week: 52/2018". IFPI Greece. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ↑ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
- ↑ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Stream Top 40 slágerlista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ↑ "Official Irish Singles Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ↑ "Top Singoli – Classifica settimanale WK 52" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Archived from the original on February 4, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
- 1 2 "Mūzikas patēriņa tops gadu mijā" (in Latvian). LAIPA. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
- ↑ "2021 52-os savaitės klausomiausi (TOP 100)" (in Lithuanian). AGATA. December 31, 2021. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra Chart History (Luxembourg Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
- ↑ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart". Recorded Music NZ. December 30, 2019. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- 1 2 "OLiS – oficjalna lista sprzedaży – single w streamie" (Select week 22.12.2023–28.12.2023.) (in Polish). OLiS. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". AFP Top 100 Singles. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
- ↑ "ČNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Select SINGLES DIGITAL - TOP 100 and insert 201851 into search. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ↑ "Top 100 Canciones – Semana 52: del 24.12.2021 al 30.12.2021". Productores de Música de España. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
- ↑ "Veckolista Singlar, vecka 52". Sverigetopplistan. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- ↑ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ↑ "Frank Sinatra Chart History (Holiday 100)". Billboard. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ↑ "Top 100 Songs". Rolling Stone. December 24, 2020. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
- ↑ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2021 Singles" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
- ↑ "Danish single certifications – Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". IFPI Danmark. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ↑ "Italian single certifications – Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ↑ "New Zealand single certifications – Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
- ↑ "Portuguese single certifications – Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ↑ "British single certifications – Frank Sinatra – Let It Snow Let It Snow Let It Snow". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
- ↑ "IFPI Charts – Digital Singles Chart (International) – Εβδομάδα: 52/2022" (in Greek). IFPI Greece. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
- ↑ Zellner, Xander. "Dean Martin Scores First Billboard Hot 100 Entry in Nearly 50 Years With 'Let It Snow'". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
- ↑ "ARIA Top 50 Singles Chart". Australian Recording Industry Association. January 1, 2024. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
- ↑ "Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
- ↑ "Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ↑ "Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ↑ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 6, 2024". Billboard. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Croatia Songs: Week of January 6, 2024". Billboard. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Change the chart to CZ – SINGLES DIGITAL – TOP 100 and insert 202351,52 into search. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- ↑ "Track Top-40 Uge 52, 2022". Hitlisten. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
- ↑ "Singlet 52/2022" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ↑ "Top Singles (Week 52, 2022)" (in French). SNEP. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
- ↑ "Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
- ↑ "Billboard Global 200: Week of January 6, 2024". Billboard. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Official IFPI Charts – Digital Singles Chart (International) - Week 52/2023". IFPI Greece. Archived from the original on January 3, 2024. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ↑ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Stream Top 40 slágerlista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
- ↑ "Tónlistinn – Lög" [The Music – Songs] (in Icelandic). Plötutíðindi. Archived from the original on December 31, 2023. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
- ↑ "Official Irish Singles Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
- ↑ "Top Singoli – Classifica settimanale WK 52 (dal 22.12.2023 al 28.12.2023)" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
- ↑ "2023 52-os savaitės klausomiausi (Top 100)" (in Lithuanian). AGATA. December 29, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ↑ "Luxembourg Songs: Week of January 6, 2024". Billboard. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
- ↑ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart". Recorded Music NZ. January 1, 2024. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
- ↑ "Singel 2023 uke 49". VG-lista. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ↑ "Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". AFP Top 100 Singles. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
- ↑ "RIAS Top Charts Week 52 (22 - 28 Dec 2023)". RIAS. Archived from the original on January 3, 2024. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "ČNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Select SINGLES DIGITAL - TOP 100 and insert 202250 into search. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
- ↑ "SloTop50 – Slovenian official singles chart". slotop50.si. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
- ↑ "Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" Canciones Top 50. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
- ↑ "Veckolista Singlar, vecka 52, 2023". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
- ↑ "Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
- ↑ "This Week's Official UAE Chart Top 20: from 22/12/2023 to 29/12/2023". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
- ↑ "Dean Martin Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- ↑ "Dean Martin Chart History (Holiday 100)". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ↑ "Top 100 Songs". Rolling Stone. December 3, 2020. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
- ↑ "Singles Accreditations Report - Nov 2023" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
- ↑ "Danish single certifications – Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". IFPI Danmark. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
- ↑ "Italian single certifications – Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
- ↑ "New Zealand single certifications – Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
- ↑ "Portuguese single certifications – Dean Martin – Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ↑ "British single certifications – Dean Martin – Let It Snow Let It Snow Let It Snow". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
- ↑ "IFPI Charts – Digital Singles Chart (International) – Εβδομάδα: 50/2022" (in Greek). IFPI Greece. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
- ↑ "R&R Going for Adds" (PDF). R&R. November 19, 2004. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ↑ "Jessica Simpson". Billboard. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
- ↑ "Glee Cast Chart History (Holiday Digital Song Sales)". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- ↑ "IRMA – Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved December 31, 2022.
- ↑ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ↑ "Adult Contemporary". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
- ↑ Adams, Greg. "Vaughn Monroe & His Orchestra - There I Sing/Swing It Again". AllMusic. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
- ↑ Watson, Jimmy (November 2, 1963). "Bing Crosby: I Wish You A Merry Christmas" (PDF). New Record Mirror. No. 138. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
- ↑ "Carly Simon Official Website – Let It Snow! lyrics". carlysimon.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
- ↑ "Carly Simon - Chart history". Billboard. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
- ↑ Trust, Gary. "Rod Stewart Scores First AC No. 1 Since 1993 With 'Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow'". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ↑ Trust, Gary. "Chart Moves: 2012's Twelve Hot 100 No. 1s; Taylor Swift Back in Country Airplay Top 10; Dropkick Murphys Xmas Song Charts". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 19, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2013.