| LIMK2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | LIMK2, LIM domain kinase 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 601988 MGI: 1197517 HomoloGene: 55911 GeneCards: LIMK2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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LIM domain kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIMK2 gene.[5][6][7]
Function
There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[7]
References
- 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182541 - Ensembl, May 2017
- 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020451 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Okano I, Hiraoka J, Otera H, Nunoue K, Ohashi K, Iwashita S, Hirai M, Mizuno K (Dec 1995). "Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (52): 31321–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.52.31321. PMID 8537403.
- ↑ Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP (Dec 1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature. 402 (6761): 489–95. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..489D. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.
- 1 2 "Entrez Gene: LIMK2 LIM domain kinase 2".
Further reading
- Scott RW, Olson MF (Jun 2007). "LIM kinases: function, regulation and association with human disease". Journal of Molecular Medicine. 85 (6): 555–68. doi:10.1007/s00109-007-0165-6. PMID 17294230. S2CID 8881246.
- Osada H, Hasada K, Inazawa J, Uchida K, Ueda R, Takahashi T, Takahashi T (13 Dec 1996). "Subcellular localization and protein interaction of the human LIMK2 gene expressing alternative transcripts with tissue-specific regulation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 229 (2): 582–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1847. PMID 8954941.
- Hiraoka J, Okano I, Higuchi O, Yang N, Mizuno K (9 Dec 1996). "Self-association of LIM-kinase 1 mediated by the interaction between an N-terminal LIM domain and a C-terminal kinase domain". FEBS Letters. 399 (1–2): 117–21. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01303-8. PMID 8980133.
- Yang N, Higuchi O, Ohashi K, Nagata K, Wada A, Kangawa K, Nishida E, Mizuno K (Jun 1998). "Cofilin phosphorylation by LIM-kinase 1 and its role in Rac-mediated actin reorganization". Nature. 393 (6687): 809–12. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..809Y. doi:10.1038/31735. PMID 9655398. S2CID 4326365.
- Nomoto S, Tatematsu Y, Takahashi T, Osada H (Aug 1999). "Cloning and characterization of the alternative promoter regions of the human LIMK2 gene responsible for alternative transcripts with tissue-specific expression". Gene. 236 (2): 259–71. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00280-2. PMID 10452946.
- Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Takai Y, Nakamura T (27 Dec 1999). "Cofilin phosphorylation and actin cytoskeletal dynamics regulated by rho- and Cdc42-activated LIM-kinase 2". The Journal of Cell Biology. 147 (7): 1519–32. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.7.1519. PMC 2174243. PMID 10613909.
- Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T (Jan 2001). "Specific activation of LIM kinase 2 via phosphorylation of threonine 505 by ROCK, a Rho-dependent protein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (1): 670–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007074200. PMID 11018042.
- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (Nov 2000). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Research. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
- Amano T, Tanabe K, Eto T, Narumiya S, Mizuno K (Feb 2001). "LIM-kinase 2 induces formation of stress fibres, focal adhesions and membrane blebs, dependent on its activation by Rho-associated kinase-catalysed phosphorylation at threonine-505". The Biochemical Journal. 354 (Pt 1): 149–59. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3540149. PMC 1221639. PMID 11171090.
- Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A (Mar 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Research. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
- Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Shibuya A, Nakamura T (Jun 2001). "Activation of LIM kinases by myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase alpha". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (25): 23092–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.C100196200. PMID 11340065.
- Toshima J, Toshima JY, Takeuchi K, Mori R, Mizuno K (Aug 2001). "Cofilin phosphorylation and actin reorganization activities of testicular protein kinase 2 and its predominant expression in testicular Sertoli cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (33): 31449–58. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102988200. PMID 11418599.
- Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, Mougin C, Groizeleau C, Hamburger A, Meil A, Wojcik J, Legrain P, Gauthier JM (Jul 2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Research. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC 442148. PMID 15231748.
- Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I (2005). "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome". Genome Biology. 5 (10): R84. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84. PMC 545604. PMID 15461802.
- Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A (Oct 2004). "From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline". Genome Research. 14 (10B): 2136–44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930. PMID 15489336.
- Vardouli L, Moustakas A, Stournaras C (Mar 2005). "LIM-kinase 2 and cofilin phosphorylation mediate actin cytoskeleton reorganization induced by transforming growth factor-beta". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (12): 11448–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.M402651200. PMID 15647284.
External links
- LIMK2 Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway Archived 2014-12-11 at the Wayback Machine
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