Kyoho
Grape (Vitis)
Kyoho-grape
Color of berry skinBlack
OriginJapan
Pedigree parent 1Ishiharawase
Pedigree parent 2Centennia
Notable regionsNagano, Yamanashi, Japan
BreederYasushi Ōinoue
Breeding instituteŌinoue Institute for Agronomical & Biological Science
Year of crossing1937
Year of selection1942
Year of protection1955
Formation of seedsComplete
Sex of flowersHermaphrodite
VIVC number6597

Kyoho grapes (巨峰葡萄, Kyohō budō, lit. 'giant mountain grape'") are a fox grape (Concord-like) cross popular in East Asia. The fruits are blackish-purple, or almost black, with large seeds and juicy flesh with high sugar content and mild acidity.[1] The variety was first produced by the Japanese viniculturist Yasushi Ohinoue in the 1930s and 1940s by crossing Ishiharawase and Centennial grape varieties (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca).[2][1][3] Kyoho is a tetraploid grape variety, as its breeding parents, ‘Ishiharawase’ and ‘Centennial’ are tetraploid bud sports of ‘Campbell Early’ (V. labruscana) and ‘Rosaki’ (V. vinifera), respectively.[4] Like the Concord, Kyoho is a slip-skin variety, meaning that the skin is easily separated from the fruit. The seeds are bitter and the skin is not traditionally eaten. The grape maintains some of the flavor qualities of the Concord, known to consumers from the flavor of most grape jellies and Concord grape juice.[5]

Kyoho grapes were first produced in 1937 in Shizuoka Prefecture, but were not given their present name until 1946. They are popular in Japan, Taiwan, mainland China, and Korea for their size and very sweet flesh. They are traditionally served peeled as a dessert, and the juice is used in making chūhai cocktails. Areas of production include Nagano Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, California's Central Valley, Changhua County in Taiwan, and Chile.

As of 2015, Kyoho was the world's most cultivated grape variety by land area (365000ha). More than 90% of these vines are in China.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Distribution of the world's grapevine varieties" (PDF). oiv.int. International Organisation of Vine and Wine. 2018-02-28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-01. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  2. ↑ "Kyoho". Vitis International Variety Catalogue. Julius Kühn-Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  3. ↑ "Ishihara Wase". wein.plus Wine Lexicon. Wein Plus. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  4. ↑ Yamada, Masahiko; Sato, Akihiko (2016). "Advances in table grape breeding in Japan". Breeding Science. 66 (1): 34–45. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.66.34. ISSN 1344-7610. PMC 4780801. PMID 27069389.
  5. ↑ "Kyoho grapes: How to choose, store and prepare". Los Angeles Times. 6 August 2009.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.