Kushum
Көшім
Panorama of the river
Kushum is located in Kazakhstan
Kushum
Mouth location in Kazakhstan
Location
CountriesKazakhstan
Physical characteristics
SourceUral near Krugloozyornoye
 • coordinates51°05′25″N 51°19′12″E / 51.09028°N 51.32000°E / 51.09028; 51.32000
Mouthnear lake Birkazan
 • coordinates
49°12′33″N 50°20′47″E / 49.20917°N 50.34639°E / 49.20917; 50.34639
Length375 km (233 mi)
Discharge 
 • average4.4 cubic metres per second (160 cu ft/s)

The Kushum or Koshim (Kazakh: Көшім; Russian: Кушум) is a river in the West Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan. It is 375 kilometres (233 mi) long.[1]

The Kushum is a distributary of the Ural river. It flows across the Bayterek, Akzhaik and Zhanakala districts. Its water is used for agricultural irrigation and the riverbanks as grazing ground for local cattle.[1] The last stretch of the river, including the lakes adjoining it, is a 175,315 ha (433,210 acres) Important Bird Area.[2]

Course

The Kushum begins branching off the right side of the Ural river northeast of the village of Krugloozyornoye. It heads roughly southwards forming meanders and oxbow lakes. Its mouth is in lake Birkazan, near Zhanakala village, over 112 km (70 mi) west of the Ural river channel.[3][4][1]

The right bank of the Kushum is bound by steep cliffs, while the left bank is mostly flat. The river is fed by snow, rain and groundwater. The Dongulyuk, Kirov, Pyatimar and Bitik reservoirs, as well as a network of irrigation canals were built along the Kushum river in the last half of the 20th century. Since the dams and canals were built the natural flow was disturbed and the water of the river does not reach lake Zhaltyrkol anymore.[5]

Zhanakala and the lake area where the Kushum ends.

Fauna

The main fish species in the Kushum include zander, common bream, white-eye bream, chub, perch, silver bream, ruffe, common rudd, blue bream and sabrefish.[6]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Kazakhstan National encyclopedia, volume VIII / Chief editor A. Nysanbayev - Almaty "Kazakh encyclopedia" General editor, 1998 ISBN 9965-9746-4-0
  2. ↑ Kushum Lakes - BirdLife Data Zone
  3. ↑ "M-39 Topographic Chart (in Russian)". Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  4. ↑ Google Earth
  5. ↑ Reservoirs in Kazakhstan - CAWater-Info
  6. ↑ Величие и упадок. Рыболовство на Кушуме
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