Kullui
𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚃, कुळूई, kuḷūī
Kuḷūī written in Takri Script
Native toIndia
RegionHimachal Pradesh
Native speakers
196,295 (2011)[1]
Takri, Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3kfx
Glottologkull1236

Kullui (Kullū, also known as Kulvi, Takri: 𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚃/𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚦𑚯) is a Western Pahari language spoken in the Kullu District of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

Wiktionary has a category on Kullu Pahari language.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p
pʰ		 b
bʱ		 t̪
t̪ʰ		 d̪
d̪ʱ		 ʈ
ʈʰ		 ɖ
ɖʱ		 k
kʰ		 ɡ
ɡʱ		 ʔ
Affricate ts
tsʰ		 dz
dzʱ		 c͡ç
c͡çʰ		 ɟ͡ʝ
ɟ͡ʝʱ
Fricative s ɕ ħ ɦ
Nasal m n̪ ɳ ɲ ŋ
Trill/Flap r ɽ
Lateral l ɭ
Approximant j

For the stops and affricates there is a four-way distinction in phonation between tenuis /p/, voiced /b/, aspirated /pʰ/ and breathy voiced /bʱ/ series. Thakur (1975, pp. 175–8) lists as separate phonemes aspirated correlates of /ŋ/, /n/, /m/, /j/, /r/, /ɽ/, /l/ and /ɭ/, but describes the aspiration as a voiceless pharyngeal friction. /n̪/ is dental, but becomes alveolar if the next syllable contains a retroflex consonant. /ŋ/ and /ɲ/ are rare, but contrast with the other nasals word-medially between vowels. /ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/, together with their aspirated correlates, don't occur in the beginning of words.[2] The glottal stop occurs only between a vowel and /ɳ/, /n/, /r/ or /l/, e.g. [kɑːʔɭ] "a trumpet", which contrasts with [kɑːɭ] "famine". The pharyngeal fricative /ħ/ historically derives from /s/ and occurs word-finally, e.g. [ɡʱɑːħ] "grass", [biːħ] "twenty".[3]

Script

The native script of the language is a variety of the Takri script.

Sample text in Takri

Status

The language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali. The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Kulluvi children are not learning Kulluvi as their mother tongue any longer.[4]

Notes

  1. ↑ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  2. ↑ Thakur 1975, p. 180. An exception is the word [ɽəbɑːɳɑː] "to throw".
  3. ↑ Thakur 1975, p. 181.
  4. ↑ "Endangered languages".

Bibliography

  • Thakur, Mauluram (1975), Pahāṛī bhāṣā, Delhi: Sanmarg Prakashan
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