ABS-CBN
Type
BrandingKapamilya Forever (main branding)[note 1]
Kapamilya Network (former branding as a free-to-air television network)
Country
Philippines
AvailabilityNationwide (main transmitter inactive (currently being used by Advanced Media Broadcasting System to broadcast as All TV); currently broadcast through pay television via Kapamilya Channel and via ZOE's A2Z, MediaQuest's TV5 and GMA's GTV)
Worldwide (via The Filipino Channel and through online streaming via Kapamilya Online Live and iWantTFC)
FoundedOctober 23, 1953 (1953-10-23)
by James Lindenberg,
Antonio Quirino,
Eugenio Lopez, Sr.,
and Fernando Lopez
MottoIn the Service of the Filipino
TV stationsList of TV stations
37.58% (Nielsen National Urban TAM January–August 2016)[1]
HeadquartersABS-CBN Broadcasting Center, Sgt. Esguerra Avenue corner Mother Ignacia Street, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
OwnerABS-CBN Corporation
Key people
Launch date
Terrestrial:
October 23, 1953 (1953-10-23)
(initial)
September 14, 1986 (1986-09-14)
(post-People Power Revolution)
DissolvedTerrestrial:
September 23, 1972 (1972-09-23)
(martial law)
May 5, 2020 (2020-05-05)
(legislative franchise lapsed)
Former names
Alto Broadcasting System (ABS)
Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN)
Sister network
International channel
The Filipino Channel
Affiliation(s)Airtime leasing:
A2Z (October 10, 2020 (2020-10-10))[3]
TV5 (January 24, 2021 (2021-01-24))[4][5]
GTV (July 1, 2023 (2023-07-01))
Official website
www.abs-cbn.com
LanguageFilipino (main)
English (secondary)
ReplacedBBC-2 (1973–1986)
Replaced by

ABS-CBN (an initialism of its two predecessors' names, Alto Broadcasting System and Chronicle Broadcasting Network) is a Philippine commercial broadcast network that serves as the flagship property of the ABS-CBN Corporation, a company under Lopez Holdings Corporation owned by the López family. The network is headquartered at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, with additional offices and production facilities in 25 major cities including Baguio, Naga, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Davao, and Bulacan, where ABS-CBN's production and post-production facility in Horizon IT Park is located.[6][7][8][9] ABS-CBN is colloquially referred to as the Kapamilya Network;[note 1] its brand was originally introduced in 1999 and was officially introduced in 2003 during the celebration of its 50th anniversary, and was used until it was forced by the National Telecommunications Commission to cease and desist from free-to-air broadcasting due to the lack of congressional franchise.[10][11][12] ABS-CBN is the largest media company in the Philippines and oldest television broadcaster in Southeast Asia.[13]

ABS-CBN is the first television network in Southeast Asia to broadcast in color, and one of the oldest commercial television broadcasters in Asia. It has also been the leading television network in the Philippines with advertising revenues of 21.2 billion pesos for the 2015 fiscal year.[14][15][16][17][18]

Since the shutdown, the network has rebranded itself as a mass content company and produced television programs, films and other entertainment content through partnerships with independent production companies and broadcasters, including former rival TV broadcasters A2Z, TV5, GMA Network, BEAM TV and the startup All TV which took over its formerly used frequency.[19][20] The network's social media accounts are mainly managed by ABS-CBN Digital Media, which have an estimated less than 100 million followers across multiple social media websites.[21][19] The network's entertainment YouTube channel is the most-subscribed and most-viewed channel in Southeast Asia, with over 45 million subscribers and over 50 billion views (as of September 2023).[22]

History

Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC) was founded on June 13, 1946. It was established by James Lindenberg, one of the founding fathers of Philippine television[23][24] and an American electronics engineer who went into radio equipment assembly and radio broadcasting. At the time, the largest media company was the Manila Broadcasting Company, with DZRH as the leading radio station. In 1949, James Lindenberg shifted Bolinao to radio broadcasting with DZBC[25] and planned the introduction of television to the Philippines in 1953.[26]

In 1951, Lindenberg partnered with Antonio Quirino, brother of then-Philippine president Elpidio Quirino, to try television broadcasting. In 1952, BEC was renamed Alto Broadcasting System or ABS (with Alto Sales Corporation as its corporate name). Alto was a contraction of Quirino's and his wife's first names, Tony and Aleli. Despite little money and resources, ABS was able to put up its TV tower by July 1953 and imported around 300 television sets. The initial test broadcasts began in September of the same year. The very first full-blown broadcast was on October 23, 1953, at a party in Quirino's home. The first program to air was a garden party at the Quirino residence in Sitio Alto, San Juan. After the premiere telecast, the station followed a daily four-hour schedule from 6:00 to 10:00 PM.[26]

ABS-CBN's first television broadcast was on October 23, 1953, as Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) on DZAQ-TV, three months after the first broadcast of Japan's NHK General TV and Nippon Television. It is the first television network in Southeast Asia to broadcast in color, the first television network in the Philippines to formally launch a digital terrestrial television service, and the first broadcast television network in the Philippines to formally launch in HD.[27]

The flagship television station of ABS-CBN was DWWX-TV (ABS-CBN TV-2 Manila). As such, the network was informally referred to as "Channel 2" or "dos" (Spanish for two) even if the network was seen in other channel numbers elsewhere in the country. The network operated across the Philippine archipelago through the ABS-CBN Regional division which controlled 80 television stations.[14][28] Its programs are also available outside the Philippines through the global subscription television channel The Filipino Channel (TFC). From 2011 to 2020, the network had been on test broadcast for digital terrestrial television using the Japanese standard ISDB-T in select areas in the Philippines. On October 3, 2015, ABS-CBN started to broadcast in high-definition quality through its affiliate direct-to-home cable and satellite television providers.[27]

Branding

The logo of Alto Broadcasting System (1953–1967).
The logo of Chronicle Broadcasting Network (1956–1967).

The ABS-CBN logo features three main elements: the vertical line rooted in a horizontal origin, the three extending circles, and the text ABS-CBN.[29]

ABS-CBN's logo also has a horizontal version, usually used to save space as the main vertical logo usually takes up more space. The design of the horizontal version of the logo contains the ABS-CBN text, split into two parts, "ABS" and "CBN", without the dash connecting them, and ABS-CBN's iconic symbol squeezed in between them.

The first logo to have a horizontal version going by this design was the logo launched in 1986. From 1986 up until 2014, the elements of the horizontal logo, text, and symbol were evenly sized. In the 2014 version of the horizontal logo was slightly larger than the Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) and Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN) names.

Programming

ABS-CBN Regional

ABS-CBN Regional
TypeDivision
Industry
PredecessorABS-CBN Regional News Group
Founded1988 (1988)
DefunctAugust 28, 2020 (2020-08-28)
Key people
Veneranda Sy
ParentABS-CBN Corporation

ABS-CBN Regional (formerly ABS-CBN Regional Network Group) was a regional network division of ABS-CBN. It was responsible for simultaneously airing most of the shows seen on ABS-CBN's flagship station in the provinces, with all stations (including Cebu, Bacolod and Davao) reopening in 1988 after suspension due to martial law enacted in September 1972. Manila's flagship station reopened after the People Power Revolution in September 1986. ABS-CBN Regional had several stations in each region outside Mega Manila to ensure nationwide coverage.

The local stations also produced their own newscasts which air prior to TV Patrol and another local programming which air on Sundays. The launch of the local game show Kapamilya Winner Ka! (now renamed as Kapamilya, Mas Winner Ka!) in the Visayas and Mindanao, Bagong Morning Kapamilya in North Luzon (Baguio and Dagupan), the 17th local TV Patrol in Southern Tagalog (Region IV-A), and the 18th local TV Patrol in Palawan (IV-B; the network had an affiliate station) provided more relevance to regional audiences.[30]

On April 15, 2011, Regional launched Choose Philippines, a new website promoting tourism in the Philippines by sharing photos and stories of the most extravagant places, culture and arts.[31]

ABS-CBN Regional ceased its operations on August 28, 2020, after almost 32 years following the denial of its legislative franchise on July 10.[32][33][34]

Competition

In 1992, AGB Nielsen Philippines was founded. In 2007, TNS Philippines started to offer media research through Kantar Media Philippines (formerly Kantar/TNS). In 2008, AGB Nielsen Philippines released the list of all-time highest rating shows in the Philippines, with 7 of the top 10 highest rating shows all from ABS-CBN with the shows like The Battle: Pacquiao vs. Morales, Rosalinda, Esperanza, Meteor Garden, Pangako Sa 'Yo, Miss Universe 1994, and Maria Mercedes.[35]

Controversies and scandals

Throughout the years, ABS-CBN has been involved in several controversies and scandals involving its talents, employees, and programs.

On July 22, 2004, during the arrival of Angelo de la Cruz (a truck driver who was held hostage and threatened with beheading in Iraq abducted by armed rebels west of Baghdad while trucking fuel from Saudi Arabia) at Ninoy Aquino International Airport, live breaking news coverage was aired on GMA Network and other television stations in the Philippines. GMA Network used audio-video coverage from Reuters, which the network was subscribed to.[36] During the broadcast, a live feed from Reuters was simultaneously aired with its own live broadcast. During the first five seconds of the live feed, GMA Network noticed that the live feed from Reuters was also airing from its main competitor ABS-CBN. The live video was restricted only to ABS-CBN and Reuters did not inform GMA Network that the video coverage was only intended for ABS-CBN. The local Court of Appeals declined the case filed by ABS-CBN Corporation against GMA Network Inc. for allegations of illegal duplication of its live video footage. In a ruling, the local fourth division of the appellate court set aside the resolution of the local Justice Department, which approved the filing of the violation of Republic Act 8293 (or the Intellectual Property Code) against GMA Network. It ruled out that the act of GMA Network airing the live video coverage was focused on good faith since there was no intent to instigate damage to ABS-CBN.[37] The local court also said GMA Network acted in good faith when it immediately stopped using the live video feed from Reuters upon learning ABS-CBN was also covering the event and its following exertion to authenticate the ABS-CBN Corporation restriction arrangement with the news service, Reuters. The court also stressed that apart from the lack of intent of GMA Network to affect the video from ABS-CBN, the action did not contravene Sections 212.4 and 185.1 of Republic Act 8293 since it was a short excerpt.[38]

Wowowee scandals and incidents

Two major incidents involving ABS-CBN have involved the network's variety show Wowowee. The first incident was a demand for tickets to a one-year anniversary episode of the show at the PhilSports Arena in 2006 caused a deadly stampede killing 76 people.[39] Over a year later in August 2007, the show became entrenched in another scandal involving the possibility of a new game on the show being rigged as evident by a "mechanical glitch" which occurred during an episode,[40] which grew greater after Eat Bulaga! host Joey de Leon and Wowowee host Willie Revillame started exchanging attacks on-air against each other during their respective and competing shows.[41] The incident later led to a probe by the Department of Trade and Industry led by senator Mar Roxas (which was jokingly suggested by Joey during a speech he made on Eat Bulaga! in reference to the Hello Garci scandal, dubbing it "Hello Pappy").[42]

AGB Nielsen TV ratings scandal

In late 2007, ABS-CBN and GMA Network accused AGB Nielsen Philippines of tampering with the ratings during their 2007 ratings surveys.[43][44]

ABS-CBN demanded ₱127 million from their former reality show star, Willie Revillame, citing copyright infringement due to stark similarities in Revillame's show, Willing Willie on TV5, and ABS-CBN's Wowowee.[45] ABS-CBN listed five acts of plagiarism allegedly committed by Willing Willie in their complaint as follows:[45]

  1. Willing Willie's opening song and dance number was similar to that of Wowowee's[45]
  2. "BIGA-Ten" and "Big Time Ka", both segments from the shows involved, bear similar names[45]
  3. "Willie of Fortune" and "Willtime Bigtime" are segments from both shows which resemble each other.[45] ABS-CBN claimed that Willtime Bigtime resembled its show as it also showcases contestants relaying their personal stories before proceeding to play a singing/trivia game.[45]
  4. April "Congratulations" Gustilo was one of several backup dancers from Wowowee who also appear in Willing Willie.[45]
  5. Other striking similarities ABS-CBN claimed are found in Willing Willie's set design, stage, studio viewers' seats lay-out, lighting angles and camera angles.[45]

A 25-page ruling dated May 22, 2015, dismissed the case against Revillame.[45] After the Quezon City RTC demanded a ₱400 million bond from Revillame to answer any further damage the network might sustain, the fee was waived.[45]

2020 franchise renewal controversy

Since April 2017, ABS-CBN was attacked by former president Rodrigo Duterte, as the network refused to air his 2016 presidential campaign ads in favor of a smear ad paid for by-then vice presidential candidate Antonio Trillanes.[46][47] However, according to the country's Commission on Elections spokesperson James Jimenez, the controversial ad was within election law, under "Partisan Political Activity".[48][49] Duterte publicly stated that he would oppose the 25-year franchise renewal of ABS-CBN, and former Laguna governor E.R. Ejercito supported his plan.[50][51] Opposition lawmakers as well as labor groups objected to Duterte's stance on ABS-CBN, as the franchise's non-renewal would compromise the employees of the network; stating that the blocking of the franchise renewal had no merit. Opposition groups also claimed that the non-renewal of the franchise violates press freedom.[52]

Under Philippine law, broadcasting networks require a congressional franchise (Republic Act) to operate television and radio stations for 25 years; the absence of one will lead to the suspension of its operations. ABS-CBN's legislative franchise, which was approved by the virtue of Republic Act No. 7966 (granted last March 30, 1995), was scheduled to expire on May 4, 2020, because the franchise will become effective fifteen days after its publication on the Official Gazette on April 19, 1995.[53] At least 12 lawmakers have filed their own versions for a new franchise of the network. House Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano assured that Congress will tackle the franchise with fairness.[54]

On February 24, 2020, the CEO of the network apologized to Duterte for not airing his political advertisements during his 2016 polls, which Duterte accepted,[46] and Congress made its decision to investigate their franchise renewal.[55]

During a Senate hearing on the same day, public services panel chair Grace Poe stated they were to investigate ABS-CBN's compliance with the terms and conditions of its franchise. The Senate concluded that there was no breach of laws or franchise terms.[56]

Wikinews has related news:

On May 5, 2020, the National Telecommunications Commission issued a cease and desist order to stop the network's broadcast, including its radio stations DZMM and MOR, following the expiration of its broadcast franchise the day before.[57][58] The cease and desist order covers 42 television stations operated by ABS-CBN across the country, including Channel 2, 10 digital broadcast channels, 18 FM stations, and 5 AM stations.[59]

The network subsequently signed off following TV Patrol. Along with the order, NTC wanted to recall ABS-CBN's assigned frequencies.[60] ABS-CBN explained that it would not be in public interest to have the frequencies recalled, as this would hinder their ability to immediately restart broadcasts in the event a new franchise was granted.[61] Additionally, there were fresh measures in the Congress to grant provisional franchise,[61] which later rolled into a series of hearings to grant a fresh 25-year franchise.[62][63] NTC was told to refrain from carrying out the recall by the Congress.[63] On July 10, 2020, members of the House of Representatives, voted 70–11 to deny ABS-CBN's renewal franchise application, citing several issues on the network's prior 25-year franchise.[64][65] According to a survey released by the Social Weather Stations following the rejection of the network's franchise renewal, 75% of Filipinos want the network back.[66]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Kapamilya is a Filipino term for a family member.

References

  1. ↑ "Media Ownership Monitor Philippines – ABS-CBN 2". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  2. ↑ "ABS-CBN elects Gabby Lopez as chairman emeritus, Mark Lopez as chairman". ABS-CBN News. April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  3. ↑ "ABS-CBN shows, movies return to free tv via Zoe deal". ABS-CBN News. October 6, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  4. ↑ "ASAP Natin 'To, mapapanood na sa TV5 simula sa January 24". PEP.ph. January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  5. ↑ "ABS-CBN's 'Asap Natin 'To', 'FPJ: Da King' to be simulcast on TV5". Inquirer Entertainment. January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Pasilip sa bagong ABS-CBN Studios". ABS-CBN News. December 12, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  7. ↑ "TOUR: Inside ABS-CBN's enormous Horizon sound stages". ABS-CBN News. December 13, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  8. ↑ "ABS-CBN sound stages finally open in Bulacan". www.bworldonline.com. December 12, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  9. ↑ Corporation, ABS-CBN. "ABS-CBN unveils sound stages as part of 65th year of television celebrations | ABS-CBN Corporate". ABS-CBN. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  10. ↑ "ABS-CBN goes off air following NTC order". CNN Philippines. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  11. ↑ "Philippines largest TV network ABS-CBN ordered shut". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  12. ↑ "Calida pressed NTC to issue cease and desist order vs ABS-CBN, document shows". ABS-CBN News. May 6, 2020.
  13. ↑ "ABS-CBN Corporation". Media Ownership Monitor Philippines. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  14. 1 2 SEC FORM 17-A 2015 (Report). Philippine Stock Exchange. March 27, 2016.
  15. ↑ P. Valdueza, Rolando (April 24, 2015). 2014 Annual Report (17-A) (Report). Philippine Stock Exchange. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  16. ↑ Tuazon, Ramon (June 16, 2013). "Philippine Television: That's Entertainment". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  17. ↑ Lucas, Daxim (June 23, 2012). "TV5 losses double to P4.1B in 2011". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  18. ↑ Rimando, Lala (March 1, 2012). "MVP says he's still interested in GMA-7". Rappler.
  19. 1 2 "ABS-CBN bigwigs say that the franchise denial pushed the network to focus on its digital platforms". LionhearTV. October 14, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  20. ↑ Corporation, ABS-CBN. "ABS-CBN evolves into a content company to produce content for viewers worldwide | ABS-CBN Corporate". ABS-CBN. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  21. ↑ "ABS-CBN dominates the digital space in 2016". LionhearTV. February 3, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  22. ↑ "ABS-CBN Entertainment hits new milestone with 45 million YouTube subscribers". ABS-CBN Entertainment. September 18, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
  23. ↑ "Farewell to the Father of Philippine Television". ABS-CBN. April 30, 2009. Archived from the original on November 7, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
  24. ↑ Philippine Daily Inquirer (July 21, 2003). First Philippine TV Broadcast. p. 58 – via Google Books.
  25. ↑ Manila Standard (September 29, 1996). Philippine TV in Retrospect. p. 54 – via Google Books.
  26. 1 2 Anastacio, Ellen Joy; Badiola, Janine Natalie (2000). The History of Philippine Television (Thesis). UP-CMC Broadcast Department. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
  27. 1 2 "ABS-CBN launches ABS-CBN HD on cable". lopezlink.ph. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  28. ↑ Cerrado, Aldrin (June 5, 2013). "ABS-CBN Corporation Amended 2012 SEC Form 17-A" (PDF). Philippine Stock Exchange (Press release). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
  29. ↑ Philippine Daily Inquirer (January 9, 2000). Network has new logo. p. 21 – via Google Books.
  30. ↑ Jarloc, Glaiza, Charie Villa leads ABS-CBN's Regional Network Group, Sun.Star Cebu, archived from the original on March 3, 2016, retrieved January 29, 2011
  31. ↑ ABS-CBN Regional Network Group launches Choose Philippines site, ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, archived from the original on April 19, 2011, retrieved April 16, 2011
  32. ↑ "12 regional 'TV Patrol' programs to air final newscasts on August 28". ABS-CBN News. August 26, 2020.
  33. ↑ "Historic goodbyes from ABS-CBN Regional". The Manila Times. August 28, 2020. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  34. ↑ "TV Patrol's regional stations, ABS-CBN reporters bid goodbye after years in public service". Interaksyon. August 28, 2020.
  35. ↑ Nathan (March 17, 2008). "30 All-Time Highest-rated Philippine TV shows based from the overnight ratings tabulation of AGB Nielsen Philippines in Mega Manila as of February 2008". Kwuaderno. Archived from the original on February 14, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  36. ↑ "CA-favors GMA in copyright violation case filed by ABS-CBN". anytimesnews.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011.
  37. ↑ "Live Coverage". Malaya. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
  38. ↑ "CA favors GMA in copyright violation case filed by ABS-CBN". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  39. ↑ "73 dead in stampede at Philippine game show". ABC News. February 4, 2006. Archived from the original on August 20, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2011.
  40. ↑ "ABS-CBN: No cheating in Wowowee's 'Wilyonaryo'". GMA News and Current Affairs. August 30, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
  41. ↑ "Joey tells Willie: Explain before you Complain". GMA News and Public Affairs. August 30, 2007. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
  42. ↑ "Roxas seeks probe on 'Hello, Pappy' game show 'scam'". GMA News and Current Affairs. August 30, 2007. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
  43. ↑ "GMA 7 tagged in scandal". manilatimes.net. December 20, 2007. Archived from the original on December 21, 2007.
  44. ↑ Godinez, Bong (December 20, 2007). "Quezon City court issues TRO against AGB Nielsen". Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "ABS-CBN files P127-M copyright case vs. 'Willing Willie'" Archived February 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, "ABS-CBN", November 25, 2010
  46. 1 2 "Duterte accepts ABS-CBN apology, silent on franchise support". CNN Philippines. February 26, 2020. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  47. ↑ "ABS-CBN says sorry to Duterte for airing controversial political ad in 2016 polls". CNN Philippines. February 24, 2020. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  48. ↑ "Rules and Regulations Implementing the Fair Election Act". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  49. ↑ Gutierrez, Pia. "Comelec: Negative pol ads allowed by law". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  50. ↑ Aurelio, Julie M.; Inquirer Research (December 4, 2019). "I'll see to it that you're out, President tells ABS-CBN". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  51. ↑ Ejercito, ER (January 11, 2020). "Yes to ABS CBN Shutdown". Facebook. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  52. ↑ Mercado, Neil Arwin (July 25, 2020). "Under attack? The state of press freedom under Duterte's reign". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  53. ↑ "ABS-CBN franchise to expire on May 4, 2020 – DOJ" CNNPhilippines.com February 24, 2020.
  54. ↑ "Cayetano: 'Congress will be fair' on ABS-CBN franchise renewal" Philstar.com. December 4, 2019. Retrieved on December 15, 2019.
  55. ↑ Romero, Paolo (February 24, 2020). "ABS-CBN president apologizes to Duterte". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  56. ↑ Rey, Aika; Gotinga, J. C. "Senate hearing on ABS-CBN: No breach of laws, franchise terms". Rappler. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  57. ↑ Adel, Rosette (May 5, 2020). "#NoToABSCBNShutdown plea launched anew after NTC issues cease and desist order vs ABS-CBN". Interaksyon. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  58. ↑ Mercado, Neil Arwin (May 5, 2020). "BREAKING: NTC orders ABS-CBN to stop broadcast operations". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  59. ↑ "ABS-CBN goes off air following NTC order". CNN Philippines. May 5, 2020. Archived from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  60. ↑ Rivas, Ralf (May 5, 2020). "ABS-CBN goes off-air after NTC order". Rappler. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  61. 1 2 Camus, Miguel R. (May 18, 2020). "ABS-CBN tells NTC not to recall its frequencies". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  62. ↑ Mercado, Neil Arwin. "House opts to proceed with deliberations on ABS-CBN's 25-year franchise". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  63. 1 2 Ang, Stacy (May 27, 2020). "NTC told to refrain from recalling broadcast frequencies of ABS-CBN". Current PH. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  64. ↑ Cervantes, Filane Mikee (July 10, 2020). "House panel junks ABS-CBN's bid for a 25-year franchise". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  65. ↑ Cervantes, Filane Mikee (July 10, 2020). "Several issues led to denial of ABS-CBN franchise bid: House body". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  66. ↑ Yap, Cecilila (July 12, 2020). "Three of Four Filipinos Want Philippine TV Giant ABS-CBN Back". Retrieved July 19, 2020.
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