Kanagawa Prefecture
神奈川県
Prefecture
Japanese transcription(s)
 • Japanese神奈川県
 • RōmajiKanagawa-ken
Minato Mirai 21 commercial area is located between Nishi and Naka districts, Yokohama city, Kanagawa prefecture at sunset. Mount Fuji appears on the horizon
Minato Mirai 21 commercial area is located between Nishi and Naka districts, Yokohama city, Kanagawa prefecture at sunset. Mount Fuji appears on the horizon
Flag of Kanagawa Prefecture
Flag
Official logo of Kanagawa Prefecture
Symbol
Anthem: Hikari arata ni
Location of Kanagawa Prefecture
Coordinates: 35°26′51.03″N 139°38′32.44″E / 35.4475083°N 139.6423444°E / 35.4475083; 139.6423444
Country Japan
RegionKantō
IslandHonshu
CapitalYokohama
SubdivisionsDistricts: 6, Municipalities: 33
Government
 • GovernorYūji Kuroiwa (since April 2011)
Area
 • Total2,415.83 km2 (932.76 sq mi)
 • Rank43rd
Highest elevation
(Mount Hiru)
1,675 m (5,495 ft)
Population
 (October 1, 2015)
 • Total9,058,094
 • Rank2nd
 • Density3,770/km2 (9,800/sq mi)
 • Dialect
Kanagawa dialect
GDP
[1]
 • TotalJP¥ 35,205 billion
US$ 323.0 billion (2019)
ISO 3166 codeJP-14
Websitewww.pref.kanagawa.jp
Symbols of Japan
BirdCommon gull (Larus canus)
FlowerGolden-rayed lily (Lilium auratum)
TreeGinkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
The Great Wave off Kanagawa original print

Kanagawa Prefecture (神奈川県, Kanagawa-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu.[2] Kanagawa Prefecture is the second-most populous prefecture of Japan at 9,221,129 (1 April 2022) and third-densest at 3,800 inhabitants per square kilometre (9,800/sq mi). Its geographic area of 2,415 km2 (932 sq mi) makes it fifth-smallest. Kanagawa Prefecture borders Tokyo to the north, Yamanashi Prefecture to the northwest and Shizuoka Prefecture to the west.

Yokohama is the capital and largest city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Kawasaki, Sagamihara, and Fujisawa.[3] Kanagawa Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast on Tokyo Bay and Sagami Bay, separated by the Miura Peninsula, across from Chiba Prefecture on the Bōsō Peninsula. Kanagawa Prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, the most populous metropolitan area in the world, with Yokohama and many of its cities being major commercial hubs and southern suburbs of Tokyo. Kanagawa Prefecture was the political and economic center of Japan during the Kamakura period when Kamakura was the de facto capital and largest city of Japan as the seat of the Kamakura shogunate from 1185 to 1333. Kanagawa Prefecture is a popular tourist area in the Tokyo region, with Kamakura and Hakone being two popular side trip destinations.

History

The prefecture has some archaeological sites going back to the Jōmon period (around 400 BCE). About 3,000 years ago, Mount Hakone produced a volcanic explosion which resulted in Lake Ashi on the western area of the prefecture.

It is believed that the Yamato dynasty ruled this area from the 5th century onwards. In the ancient era, its plains were very sparsely inhabited.

In medieval Japan, Kanagawa was part of the provinces of Sagami and Musashi.[4] Kamakura in central Sagami was the capital of Japan during the Kamakura period (1185–1333).

During the Edo period, the western part of Sagami Province was governed by the daimyō of Odawara Castle, while the eastern part was directly governed by the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo (modern-day Tokyo).

Commodore Matthew Perry landed in Kanagawa in 1853 and 1854 and signed the Convention of Kanagawa to force open Japanese ports to the United States. Yokohama, the largest deep-water port in Tokyo Bay, was opened to foreign traders in 1859 after several more years of foreign pressure, and eventually developed into the largest trading port in Japan. Nearby Yokosuka, closer to the mouth of Tokyo Bay, developed as a naval port and now serves as headquarters for the U.S. 7th Fleet and the fleet operations of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. After the Meiji period, many foreigners lived in Yokohama City, and visited Hakone. The Meiji government developed the first railways in Japan, from Shinbashi (in Tokyo) to Yokohama in 1872.

The epicenter of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake was deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay. It devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region.[5] The sea receded as much as 400 metres from the shore at Manazuru Point, and then rushed back towards the shore in a great wall of water which swamped Mitsuishi-shima.[6] At Kamakura, the total death toll from earthquake, tsunami, and fire exceeded 2,000 victims.[7] At Odawara, ninety percent of the buildings collapsed immediately, and subsequent fires burned the rubble along with anything else left standing.[8]

Yokohama, Kawasaki, and other major cities were heavily damaged by the U.S. bombing in 1945. Total casualties amounted to more than several thousand. After the war, General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers for the Occupation of Japan, landed in Kanagawa, before moving to other areas. U.S. military bases still remain in Kanagawa, including Camp Zama (Army), Yokosuka Naval Base, Naval Air Facility Atsugi (Navy).[9]

Demographics

Kanagawa prefecture population pyramid in 2020
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1890 979,756—    
1903 1,051,433+0.54%
1913 1,228,254+1.57%
1920 1,323,390+1.07%
1925 1,416,792+1.37%
1930 1,619,606+2.71%
1935 1,840,005+2.58%
1940 2,188,974+3.53%
1945 1,865,667−3.15%
1950 2,487,665+5.92%
1955 2,919,497+3.25%
1960 3,443,176+3.35%
1965 4,430,743+5.17%
1970 5,472,247+4.31%
1975 6,397,748+3.17%
1980 6,924,348+1.59%
1985 7,431,974+1.43%
1990 7,980,391+1.43%
1995 8,245,900+0.66%
2000 8,489,974+0.59%
2005 8,791,597+0.70%
2010 9,048,331+0.58%
2015 9,058,094+0.02%
source:[10]

In 1945, Kanagawa was the 15th most populous prefecture in Japan, with the population of about 1.9 million. In the years after the war, the prefecture underwent rapid urbanization as a part of the Greater Tokyo Area. The population as of September 1, 2014 is estimated to be 9.1 million.[11] Kanagawa became the second most populous prefecture in 2006.

Geography

Prefectural office of Kanagawa in Yokohama
Minato Mirai 21, Yokohama

Kanagawa is a relatively small prefecture located at the southeastern corner of the Kantō Plain[12] wedged between Tokyo on the north, the foothills of Mount Fuji on the northwest, and the Sagami Bay[12] and Tokyo Bay on the south and east. The eastern side of the prefecture is relatively flat and heavily urbanized, including the large port cities of Yokohama and Kawasaki.

The southeastern area nearby the Miura Peninsula is less urbanized, with the ancient city of Kamakura drawing tourists to temples and shrines. The western part, bordered by Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture on the west,[13] is more mountainous and includes resort areas like Odawara and Hakone. The area, stretching 80 kilometres (50 mi) from west to east and 60 kilometres (37 mi) from north to south, contains 2,400 square kilometres (930 sq mi) of land, accounting for 0.64% of the total land area of Japan.[13]

As of 1 April 2012, 23% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park; Tanzawa-Ōyama Quasi-National Park; and Jinba Sagamiko, Manazuru Hantō, Okuyugawara, and Tanzawa-Ōyama Prefectural Natural Parks.[14]

Topography

Topographically, the prefecture consists of three distinct areas. The mountainous western region features the Tanzawa Mountain Range and the volcano Mount Hakone. The hilly eastern region is characterized by the Tama Hills and Miura Peninsula. The central region, which surrounds the Tama Hills and Miura Peninsula, consists of flat stream terraces and low lands around major rivers including the Sagami River, Sakai River, Tsurumi River, and Tama River.[13]

The Tama River forms much of the boundary between Kanagawa and Tokyo. The Sagami River flows through the middle of the prefecture. In the western region, the Sakawa runs through a small lowland, the Sakawa Lowland, between Mount Hakone to the west and the Ōiso Hills to the east, and flows into Sagami Bay.[12]

The Tanzawa Mountain Range, part of the Kantō Mountain Range, contains Mount Hiru (1,673 m or 5,489 ft), the highest peak in the prefecture. Other mountains measure similar mid-range heights: Mount Hinokiboramaru (1,601 m or 5,253 ft), Mount Tanzawa, (1,567 m or 5,141 ft), Mount Ōmuro (1,588 m or 5,210 ft), Mount Himetsugi (1,433 m or 4,701 ft), and Mount Usu (1,460 m or 4,790 ft). The mountain range is lower in height southward leading to Hadano Basin to the Ōiso Hills. At the eastern foothills of the mountain range lies the Isehara Plateau and across the Sagami River the Sagamino plateau.[12]

Cities

Map of Kanagawa Prefecture
     Government Ordinance Designated City      City      Town      Village

Nineteen cities are located in Kanagawa Prefecture.

Towns and villages

Prefectural office of Kanagawa

These are the towns and villages in each district:

Mergers

Festivals and events

Odawara Hōjō Godai Festival
  • Tama River Firework event
  • Yokohama Port Anniversary Festival (June)
  • Kamakura Festival (April)
  • Hiratsuka Tanabata Festival (July)
  • Odawara Hōjō Godai Festival (May)[15][16]
  • Yugawara Kifune Festival (July)
  • Chigasaki Hamaori Festival (July)

Transportation

Kanagawa's transport network is heavily intertwined with that of Tokyo (see: Transportation in Greater Tokyo). Shin-Yokohama and Odawara stations on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen are located in the prefecture, providing high-speed rail service to Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, and other major cities.

Railways

Subways

Monorail

People movers

Road

Expressway

National highways

Ports

Education

The Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education manages and oversees individual municipal school districts. The board of education also directly operates most of the public high schools in the prefecture.

University facilities

Sports

Nissan Stadium in Yokohama.

Facilities

Football and athletics

Baseball

Indoor

Other

Teams

Soccer (football)

Baseball

Basketball

Volleyball

Visitors attractions and places of interest

Sister areas

Kanagawa Prefecture has sister relationships with these places: [17]

See also

Citations

  1. ↑ "2020年度国民経済計算（2015年基準・2008SNA） : 経済社会総合研究所 - 内閣府". 内閣府ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-05-18.
  2. ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kanagawa" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 466, p. 466, at Google Books; "Kantō" in p. 479, p. 479, at Google Books.
  3. ↑ Nussbaum, "Yokohama" in pp. 1054–1055, p. 154, at Google Books.
  4. ↑ Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" in p. 466, p. 466, at Google Books.
  5. ↑ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: the Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 278, p. 278, at Google Books.
  6. ↑ Hammer, pp. 114–115, p. 114, at Google Books.
  7. ↑ Hammer, pp. 115-116, p. 115, at Google Books.
  8. ↑ Hammer, p. 113, p. 113, at Google Books.
  9. ↑ "Naval Air Facility Atsugi".
  10. ↑ "Statistics Bureau Home Page". www.stat.go.jp.
  11. ↑ 神奈川県人口統計調査公表資料 (Report). 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-10-13.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Kanagawa terrain (in Japanese) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex)
  13. 1 2 3 Overview of the prefectural geography (in Japanese) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex)
  14. ↑ "General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  15. ↑ "小田原市 | 第59回小田原北條五代祭り".
  16. ↑ "5月3日 北條五代祭り | イベント-年間一覧 | リトルトリップ小田原 [小田原市観光協会]". リトルトリップ小田原 [小田原市観光協会].
  17. ↑ "Friendly/Sister Affiliations of Kanagawa Prefecture and the Municipalities : Kanagawa". Kanagawa Prefectural Government. February 1, 2016. Archived from the original on July 19, 2016. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Memorándum de Entendimiento entre el Estado de Aguascalientes, de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, y el Gobierno de la Prefectura de Kanagawa, Japón" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2017-12-04.

General references

  • Hammer, Joshua (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743264655; OCLC 67774380.
  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128.
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