Bringing educational TV to San Antonio

The earliest attempt to activate channel 9, San Antonio's educational television allocation, came in 1953 when a group called the San Antonio Council for Educational Television applied for a new television license to operate on the channel.^[2] The proposed station intended to broadcast four hours a night.^[2] The council needed to raise $130,000 to get on-air, according to Trinity University's Leon Taylor, who helped promote the council.^[2] Commercial stations WOAI-TV and KEYL-TV offered to help cover a portion of the costs of equipment and programming, presumably so that channel 9 would not be taken by a possible new commercial competitor.^[2]

Educational TV for a dual market

But it was not until the University of Texas at Austin got involved that there was sufficient funding. This led to a plan to build channel 9 midway between San Antonio and Austin.^[3] By June 1960, San Antonio had raised $300,000, with Austin having secured $71,000 of its $100,000 goal;^[4] and the Southwest Texas Educational Television Council applied on June 21, 1960, for a construction permit for channel 9. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the application on September 28,^[5] with the station to have studios in San Antonio and at UT–Austin.^[6] The transmitter would be built between New Braunfels and San Marcos, roughly equidistant from both cities, and UT would assist in construction and operations, though state statute prevented it from using government funding.^[7] The permit initially bore the call letters KAIQ before KLRN was selected at the start of 1961.^[5]

Ground was broken in November 1961 on the transmitter facility,^[8] but construction was beset by equipment delays. Commercial stations KTBC-TV in Austin and KONO-TV in San Antonio stepped in to air the planned schools programs that were ready to go in April and already had subscribing schools representing 186,000 students.^[9] By early August, all of the necessary gear had been delivered,^[10] including the transmitter purchased from KONO-TV,^[11] broadcasting got underway on September 10, 1962.^[12]

KLRN's transmitter was located roughly halfway between San Antonio and Austin on land located just north of New Braunfels, a major suburb of San Antonio. The station's main studios were located at the Jesse H. Jones Communications Center on rented space at UT–Austin. Its San Antonio operations were based at a satellite studio located at Cambridge Elementary School until 1968, when it moved to rented space at the Institute of Texan Cultures on the HemisFair grounds.

Most of KLRN's schedule was carried by fellow PBS station KEDT in Corpus Christi, which had separate ownership from KLRN, during that station's first few years, following its sign-on in October 1972. Because of this arrangement, KLRN was also available to cable providers in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, some 250 miles (402 km) from San Antonio.

Becoming a San Antonio station

The dual-market plan persisted for more than 15 years, but by the mid-1970s, plans were in motion to set up a proper transmitter in Austin on its reserved channel 18. Reception in Austin had been poorer than expected due to hilly terrain, and there were communities in Travis and Williamson counties that were poorly served or not served at all by the New Braunfels site.^[13] In 1978, KLRN began a public fundraising drive to raise the money to build KLRU.^[14] Its construction enabled 23 additional school districts to benefit from the station's educational programming.^[15] The transmitter was activated on April 24, 1979,^[16] and programs began May 4.^[17] Born at a time when its ownership was embroiled in other controversies involving operations, the station's first license was only for one year due to misrepresentations over matching donations during the fund drive.^[18]

From the moment KLRU signed on, a future where KLRN and KLRU were separate entities was in the offing.^[17] Only a year after KLRU hit the airwaves, it received its own Austin-based governing board, though it continued under the ownership of the Southwest Texas Public Broadcasting Council. On April 9, 1984, KLRN's current $2 million tower came online.^[19] Located near other San Antonio stations, it helped to improve reception for area viewers and reduced duplication of service to KLRU.^[19] Two years later, for financial reasons, officials began exploring an outright split of the two stations,^[20] which was approved in September 1986, with separate branding for both stations instituted on October 1, 1986.^[21] In 1987, the two stations officially went their separate ways, with KLRN coming under the ownership of the Alamo Public Broadcasting Council.^[22]

Newly separate from KLRU, KLRN began to look for a new, larger facility in which to operate, with station officials noting that the Institute of Texan Cultures space was growing to be too cramped for what had expanded into a 50 person staff.^[23] This culminated in the January 1992 purchase of the 32,000-square-foot (2,973 m²) Spires Leasing Corp. building on Broadway Street, which had once been Spires' now-defunct Buick dealership.^[23] Station officials launched a $4 million renovation plan that would also add two new production studios to the existing building.^[23] KLRN moved in to the building in February 1994 following the expiration of its lease with the ITC.^[24]

Subchannels

The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion

KLRN discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 9, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition VHF channel 8 to channel 9.^[27]