Junqan
Persian: جونقان
City
Junqan is located in Iran
Junqan
Junqan
Coordinates: 32°09′11″N 50°41′16″E / 32.15306°N 50.68778°E / 32.15306; 50.68778[1]
Country Iran
ProvinceChaharmahal and Bakhtiari
CountyFarsan
DistrictJunqan
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total14,433
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Junqan (Persian: جونقان, also Romanized as Jūnqān, Jūnaqān, Jūneqān, and Jūnoqān; also known as Jooneghan)[3] is a city in, and the capital of, Junqan District of Farsan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.[4]

At the 2006 census, its population was 14,660 in 3,437 households, when it was one of the three cities in the Central District.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 14,800 people in 3,933 households,[6] by which time the city had been separated from the district in the establishment of Junqan District.[4] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 14,433 people in 4,154 households.[2]

Demographics

Three languages are spoken in Junqan: Turkic, Bakhtiari and Persian.[7] The three together paint a picture of balanced multilingualism in the community; each is dominant in certain aspects and recessive in others. Turkic is numerically the city's dominant first language (L1)—unlike in the majority of the province where it is Bakhtiari—and is used together with Bakhtiari at home. Turkic is also used as the primary language in shared social contexts. Nevertheless, the majority of people in Junqan are equally skilled in both Bakhtari and Turkic, regardless of which language they speak at home.

Junqan's Turkic speakers refer to their language simply as "Torki" (Turkic/Turkish), but they do admit a connection to Qashqai Turkic of the Fars Province. Because Southern Lori, a close relative of Bakhtiari, is spoken alongside Qashqai Turkic in the Fars Province, the term "Lori-ye Bakhtiyri" (Bakhtiari Lori), which is not frequently used for Bakhtiari elsewhere in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, may reflect a perception of the language situation influenced by the Turkic speakers' origin in that province.[7]

Persian, the nation's official language, and both Turkic and Bakhtiari coexist in diglossic relationships in Junqan. Both groups are seeing a linguistic shift toward Persian as L1 at-home instruction of Persian is becoming more common among both communities, although it may be that the social blend of the city is acting as a catalyst.[7]

References

  1. ↑ OpenStreetMap contributors (1 April 2023). "Junqan, Farsan County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 14. Archived from the original (Excel) on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ↑ Junqan can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3068195" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. 1 2 Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (9 April 2011). "Arzuiyeh County was added to the map of country divisions, with some changes in the geography of the country". DOLAT (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  5. ↑ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 14. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  6. ↑ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 14. Archived from the original (Excel) on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 Anonby, Erik; Schreiber, Laurentia; Taheri-Ardali, Mortaza (2020). "Balanced Bilingualism: Patterns of Contact Influence in L1 and L2 Turkic and Bakhtiari Speech in Juneqan, Iran". Iranian Studies. 53 (3–4): 592–595. doi:10.1080/00210862.2020.1755957.
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