The Jungle Book
Theatrical release poster
Directed byWolfgang Reitherman
Story by
Based onThe Jungle Book
by Rudyard Kipling
Produced byWalt Disney
Starring
Edited by
  • Tom Acosta
  • Norman Carlisle
Music byGeorge Bruns
Production
company
Distributed byBuena Vista Distribution
Release date
  • October 18, 1967 (1967-10-18)
Running time
78 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$4 million[1]
Box office$378 million[2]

The Jungle Book is a 1967 American animated musical comedy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Distribution. Based very loosely on Rudyard Kipling's 1894 book of the same title, it is the final animated feature film to be produced by Walt Disney, who died during its production. It was directed by Wolfgang Reitherman and written by Larry Clemmons, Ralph Wright, Ken Anderson, and Vance Gerry. Featuring the voices of Phil Harris, Sebastian Cabot, Louis Prima, George Sanders, Sterling Holloway, J. Pat O'Malley, and Bruce Reitherman, the film's plot follows Mowgli, a feral child raised in the Indian jungle by wolves, as his friends, Bagheera the panther and Baloo the bear, try to convince him to leave the jungle before the ruthless tiger Shere Khan arrives.

The early versions of both the screenplay and the soundtrack followed Kipling's work more closely, with a dramatic, dark, and sinister tone, which Disney did not want in his family film, leading to writer Bill Peet and songwriter Terry Gilkyson being replaced.

The Jungle Book was released on October 18, 1967, to positive reception, with acclaim for its soundtrack, featuring five songs by the Sherman Brothers and one by Gilkyson, "The Bare Necessities". With a gross of $23.8 million worldwide, the film initially became Disney's second-highest-grossing animated film in the United States and Canada,[3] the ninth-highest-grossing film of 1967, and was also successful during its re-releases. The film was also successful throughout the world, becoming Germany's highest-grossing film by number of admissions.[4] Disney released a live-action adaptation in 1994 and an animated sequel, The Jungle Book 2, in 2003; a live-action/CGI hybrid remake directed by Jon Favreau was released in 2016, with a sequel to that film in development.

Plot

Mowgli, a young orphan boy, is found in a basket in the deep jungles of India by Bagheera, a black panther who promptly takes him to Raksha, a mother wolf who has just had cubs. She and her mate, Rama, raise him along with their own cubs, and after ten years, Mowgli becomes well acquainted with jungle life and plays with his wolf siblings. Bagheera is pleased with how happy Mowgli is now but also worries that Mowgli must eventually return to his own kind.

One night, the wolf pack parents meet at Council Rock, having learned that Shere Khan, a Bengal tiger, has returned to the pack's part of the jungle. Pack leader Akela decides that Mowgli must leave the jungle for his own safety and the safety of those around him; Shere Khan possesses an intense hatred of humans due to his fear of guns and fire. Bagheera volunteers to escort him to a "Man-Village". They leave that very night, but Mowgli is determined to stay in the jungle. He and Bagheera rest in a tree for the night, where Kaa, a hungry Indian python, hypnotizes Mowgli into a deep sleep and tries to devour him, but Bagheera intervenes. The next morning, Mowgli tries to join the elephant patrol led by Colonel Hathi and his wife Winifred. Bagheera finds Mowgli but after a fight, decides to leave Mowgli on his own. Mowgli soon meets up with the laid-back, fun-loving sloth bear named Baloo, who promises to raise Mowgli himself and never take him to the Man Village.

Shortly afterward, a group of monkeys kidnap Mowgli and take him to their leader, King Louie the orangutan, who offers to help Mowgli stay in the jungle in exchange for teaching him how to make fire. However, since he was not raised by humans, Mowgli does not know how to make fire. Bagheera and Baloo arrive to rescue Mowgli, and in the ensuing chaos, King Louie's palace is demolished to rubble. Bagheera speaks to Baloo that night and convinces him that the jungle will never be safe for Mowgli with Shere Khan around. In the morning, Baloo reluctantly explains to Mowgli that the Man-Village is best for him, but Mowgli accuses him of breaking his promise and runs away. As Baloo sets off in search of Mowgli, Bagheera rallies the help of Hathi and his patrol. However, Shere Khan, who was eavesdropping on Bagheera and Hathi's conversation, is now determined to hunt and kill Mowgli.

Meanwhile, Mowgli has another encounter with Kaa, who once again, attempts to eat him after hypnotizing him into a deep sleep but he eventually wakes up and escapes thanks to the unwitting intervention of the suspicious Shere Khan. As a storm gathers in a desolate area of the jungle, a depressed Mowgli encounters a group of friendly vultures who accept Mowgli as a fellow outcast. Shere Khan appears shortly after, scaring off the vultures and confronting Mowgli. Baloo arrives and haplessly tries to keep the tiger from getting the boy, getting knocked unconscious in the process. When lightning strikes a nearby tree and sets it ablaze, the vultures swoop in to distract Shere Khan, while Mowgli grabs a large flaming branch and ties it to the tiger's tail. Shere Khan, seeing this, panics and runs away.

Afterward, Bagheera and Baloo take Mowgli to the edge of the Man-Village, but Mowgli is still hesitant to go there. However, his mind abruptly changes when he is smitten by a beautiful young girl from the village who is coming down by the riverside to fetch water. After noticing Mowgli, she "accidentally" drops her water pot. Mowgli retrieves it for her and follows her into the Man-Village. After Mowgli shrugs to Baloo and Bagheera, to show that he has made up his mind and chosen to go to the Man-Village, Baloo and Bagheera decide to head home, content that Mowgli is safe and happy with his own kind.

Voice cast

A promotional image of the characters from the film. From left to right: Kaa, Flunkey, King Louie, Ziggy, Shere-Khan, wolf cubs, Buzzie, Mowgli, Flaps, Dizzy, Bagheera, Baloo, the Girl, Colonel Hathi, Hathi Jr., Mother Wolf, and Rama.

Digby Wolfe voiced Ziggy,[18] the fourth member of the vulture quartet.[31] Leo De Lyon, Bill Skiles, Pete Henderson, and Hal Smith voiced King Louie's monkeys.[32]

Production

Early development

The Jungle Book was the last animated feature Walt Disney supervised before his death in December 1966.[7]

Walt Disney first considered making an animated version of Rudyard Kipling's 1894 collection of stories The Jungle Book in the late 1930s.[33] In the early 1960s, after completing his work on The Sword in the Stone, story artist Bill Peet proposed The Jungle Book as the studio's next animated feature,[34] seeing it as a "great chance to develop some good animal characters".[35] Disney agreed and acquired the film rights to all thirteen Jungle Book stories[36] from the estate of Alexander Korda (who had produced the 1942 film adaptation) by April 1962,[37] after having spent the previous ten years in negotiations;[38] by that time, Peet had written an early story treatment and developed the initial character designs.[34] Disney originally intended to closely follow Kipling's work, planning to make a film that would be "both naturalistic and fantastic, suggestive of the compelling stag fight in Bambi".[36]

Peet created his treatment with little supervision, as he had done with One Hundred and One Dalmatians and The Sword in the Stone.[39] He tried to make the story more linear, since the novel was very episodic, while preserving its ominous tone[34] and adding more drama and suspense; in particular, Peet's story would start with wolves and Bagheera rescuing baby Mowgli from falling from a waterfall.[40] He also decided on Mowgli's journey from the jungle back to the Man-Village as the film's central storyline.[40] One of the few major departures from Kipling's works was the character of Baloo, whom Peet rewrote into a "big playful buffoon of a bear",[41] with the role of Mowgli's serious-minded mentor given to Bagheera.[8] Peet also created an original character for the film - Louie, the leader of the Bandar-log,[10] who would kidnap Mowgli and try to get him to teach them how to make fire and rebuild the ancient city; Louie would also show Mowgli the treasure under the ruins (a plot point borrowed from The Second Jungle Book), which would serve as a setup for the film's climax.[40] After Mowgli had arrived to the Man-Village, he would get into an argument with the local hunter Buldeo, which would cause Mowgli to return to the jungle with a torch and use it to scare those who attacked or mocked him through the journey and confront Shere Khan, before being dragged to the ancient city by Buldeo in search for the treasure.[42] After taking some of the treasures, Buldeo would attempt to burn the jungle to avoid the threat of Shere Khan, only for the tiger to attack and kill him, before being killed by Mowgli with Buldeo's rifle.[43] Because of his actions, Mowgli would be hailed as a hero in both the jungle and the village[40] and declared the first human member of the wolves' council.[42]

After the box-office underperformance of The Sword in the Stone,[44] Disney decided to get more involved in the story development of The Jungle Book than he had been with the past two films.[45] Upon reviewing the storyboards, Disney felt that Peet's approach was too dark and depressing,[46] and held a meeting[13] where he insisted on making the story lighter and more aimed at the family demographic.[34] Peet, who had been working on his treatment for over a year by then,[40] refused,[47] resulting in a long argument between him and Disney.[48] Eventually, after another fight with Disney over the preliminary recording for Bagheera's voice,[49] Peet left the studio on January 29, 1964,[50] which was his 49th birthday.[51]

Rewriting

After Peet's departure, Disney assigned Larry Clemmons as his new writer and one of the four-story men for the film, giving Clemmons a copy of Kipling's book, and telling him: "The first thing I want you to do is not to read it".[52][45] Clemmons still looked at the novel and thought it was too disjointed and without continuity, needing adaptations to fit a film script.[45] Clemmons wanted to start in medias res, with some flashbacks afterward, but then Disney said to focus on doing the storyline more straight: "Let's do the meat of the picture. Let's establish the characters. Let's have fun with it".[13]

Although most of Peet's work was discarded, the personalities of the characters remained in the final film. This was because Disney felt that the story should be kept simple, and the characters should drive the story. Disney took an active role in the story meetings, acting out each role and helping to explore the emotions of the characters, helping create gags, and developing emotional sequences. The Sherman Brothers re-imagined Peet's darker and more sinister version of King Louie as a more comedic character based around jazz and swing music. As Richard M. Sherman recalled: "...our discussion at the time [was], 'He's an ape, what does an ape do? Swings in a tree. The jazz is swing music and a guy literally swings if he's an ape'".[13] Clemmons also created the human girl with whom Mowgli falls in love, as the animators considered that falling in love would be the best excuse for Mowgli to leave the jungle.[40] Clemmons would write a rough script with an outline for most sequences. The story artists then discussed how to fill the scenes, including the comedic gags to employ.[53][54] The script also tried to incorporate how the voice actors molded their characters and interacted with each other.[55] The Jungle Book also marked the last animated film to have Disney's personal touches, before his death on December 15, 1966.[56]

Casting

The casting of Phil Harris prompted Disney to expand Baloo's role from episodic part to one of the film's main characters.[57]

For The Jungle Book, Disney wanted to bring in more well-known performers to voice the key characters, which was a rarity in his past works.[45] All the celebrities cast in the film had inspired the animators in creating the characters[52] and helped them shape their personalities.[58] The studio held many auditions for the role of Baloo,[6] initially searching for an Ed Wynn-esque voice; the animators also tried out exchange students from India to see if they could get a voice with an indigenous quality, but the idea did not work out.[59] Disney eventually suggested Phil Harris[29] after meeting him at a benefit in Palm Springs,[52] much to the surprise of the animation staff,[59] who could not imagine a wise-cracking comedian such as Harris as Kipling's character.[45] Harris nearly turned down the role after doing a test recording,[6] because he could not see himself as the character,[60] but reconsidered after the filmmakers allowed him to perform the way that felt the most comfortable to him.[33] Wolfgang Reitherman said when they "told him not to be a bear, but to be Phil Harris, he got in front of the microphone and tore that thing apart".[6] Most of Baloo's lines were improvised by Harris.[45]

Disney initially considered Louis Armstrong for the role of King Louie;[10] according to Richard M. Sherman, the idea was discarded after one of the writers said that "'NAACP is going to jump all over it having a black man playing an ape – it would be politically terrible'. That was the last thing on our minds, nothing we'd ever thought of, so we said 'okay, we'll think of someone else'".[61] After Phil Harris was cast as Baloo, Disneyland Records president Jimmy Johnson suggested Disney to get Louis Prima, whom he thought to be great as a foil for Harris' character.[62]

Early in the film's development, Bill Peet suggested Howard Morris as the voice of Bagheera, but Disney did not approve of the choice,[63] with Reitherman and other animators preferring either Karl Swenson or Sebastian Cabot,[8] who had voiced Merlin and Sir Ector in The Sword in the Stone (1963), respectively;[64] Cabot was the final choice.[33]

Child actor David Bailey was originally cast as Mowgli, but during the film's production he hit puberty, and his voice changed.[45] As a result, Wolfgang Reitherman replaced him with his son Bruce, who had just voiced Christopher Robin in Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree.[65] The animators also shot a live-action footage of Bruce Reitherman as a guide for the character's animation performance.[13] Clint Howard, who was the voice of Roo in Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree, was cast as Hathi Jr.[17] Child actress Darlene Carr was going around singing in the studio when composers Sherman Brothers asked her to record a demo of "My Own Home". Carr's performance impressed Disney enough for him to cast her as the role of the human girl.[66]

Disney had vultures bearing a physical and vocal resemblance to The Beatles, including the signature mop-top haircut. It was also planned to have the members of the band to both voice the characters and sing their song, "That's What Friends Are For". However, at the time, The Beatles' John Lennon refused to work on animated films which led to the idea being discarded.[67] The casting of the vultures still brought a British Invasion musician, Chad Stuart of the duo Chad & Jeremy. In earlier drafts of the scene the vultures had a near-sighted rhinoceros friend named Rocky, who was to be voiced by Frank Fontaine, but Disney decided to cut the character, feeling that the film already had enough action with the monkeys and vultures.[68]

Animation

Animation on The Jungle Book commenced on June 1, 1965.[69] While many of the later Disney feature films had animators being responsible for single characters, in The Jungle Book the animators were in charge of whole sequences, since many have characters interacting with one another. The animation was done by xerography, with character design, led by Ken Anderson, employing rough, artistic edges in contrast to the round animals seen in productions such as Dumbo.[13]

Anderson also decided to make Shere Khan resemble his voice actor, George Sanders. Backgrounds were hand-painted—with an exception of the waterfall, mostly consisting of footage of the Angel Falls—and sometimes scenery was used in both foreground and bottom to create a notion of depth. One of Reitherman's trademarks was repurposing animation from previous animated films, including his. For example, animation of the wolf cubs were redrawn from the dalmatian puppies in One Hundred and One Dalmatians.[13] Animator Milt Kahl based Bagheera and Shere Khan's movements on live-action felines, which he saw in two Disney productions, A Tiger Walks and the True-Life Adventure film Jungle Cat.[13]

Baloo was also based on footage of bears, even incorporating the animal's penchant for scratching. Since Kaa has no limbs, his design received big expressive eyes, and parts of Kaa's body did the action that normally would be done with hands.[70] The monkeys' dance during "I Wan'na Be Like You" was partially inspired by a performance Louis Prima did with his band on a Las Vegas soundstage that convinced Disney to cast him.[45]

Music

The film's score was composed by George Bruns and orchestrated by Walter Sheets. Two of the cues were reused from previous Disney films: the scene where Mowgli wakes up after escaping King Louie used one of Bruns' themes for Sleeping Beauty; and the scene where Bagheera gives a eulogy to Baloo when he mistakenly thinks the bear was killed by Shere Khan used Paul J. Smith's organ score from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[13]

The score features six original songs: five by the Sherman Brothers and one by Terry Gilkyson. Longtime Disney collaborator Gilkyson was the first songwriter to bring several complete songs that followed the book closely but Walt Disney felt that his efforts were too dark. The only piece of Gilkyson's work which survived to the final film was his upbeat tune "The Bare Necessities", which was liked by the rest of the film crew. The Sherman Brothers were then brought in to do a complete rewrite. Disney asked the siblings if they had read Kipling's book and they replied that they had done so "a long, long time ago" and that they had also seen the 1942 version by Alexander Korda. Disney said the "nice, mysterious, heavy stuff" from both works was not what he aimed for, instead going for a "lightness, a Disney touch".[71] Disney frequently brought the composers to the storyline sessions. He asked them to "find scary places and write fun songs" for their compositions that fit in with the story and advanced the plot instead of being interruptive.[13]

Release and reception

Original theatrical run

The Jungle Book was released in October 1967,[52] only 10 months after Walt Disney's death.[39] Some bookings were in a double feature format with Charlie, the Lonesome Cougar.[72] Produced on a budget of $4 million,[1] the film was a massive success, grossing domestic rentals of $11.5 million by 1968.[73] By 1970, the film had grossed $13 million in domestic rentals, becoming the second highest-grossing animated film in the United States and Canada.[3] The film earned over $23.8 million worldwide becoming the most successful animated film released during its initial run.[74]

Re-releases

The Jungle Book was re-released theatrically in North America in 1978, 1984, and 1990, and also in Europe throughout the 1970s and 1980s.[75] As part of Disney's 100th anniversary the film was re-released in cinemas across the UK on September 15, 2023 for one week.[76] A re-issue in the United Kingdom in 1976 generated rentals of $1.8 million.[77] The 1978 re-release increased its North American rentals to $27.3 million, which surpassed Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs making it the highest grossing animated film in the United States and Canada[78] until Snow White was re-released in 1983. The film's total lifetime gross in the U.S. and Canada is $141 million.1[79] When adjusted for inflation, it is estimated to be equivalent to $671,224,000 in 2018,[80] which would make it the 32nd highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada.[81]

The Jungle Book is Germany's biggest film in terms of admissions with 27.3 million tickets sold, nearly 10 million more than Titanic's 18.8 million tickets sold.[4] It has grossed an estimated $108 million in Germany, making it the third highest-grossing film in that country behind only Avatar ($137 million) and Titanic ($125 million).[82] The film was the seventh most popular sound film of the twentieth century in the UK with admissions of 19.8 million.[83] The film is France's ninth biggest film in terms of admissions with 14.8 million tickets sold.[84] The film's 1993 re-release set an overseas record for a re-issue, grossing $67.5 million overseas during that year.[85] It opened at number one in Germany with a gross of more than $4 million in its first six days and opened in second place at the UK box office before moving to number one for two weeks.[86][87]

Home media

The Jungle Book was released in the United States on VHS in 1990 as part of the Walt Disney Classics video line and in the United Kingdom in 1993. In the United States, the VHS release sold 7.4 million units and grossed $184,926,000 in 1990, making it the year's third best-selling home video release, behind only Fantasia and Home Alone.[88] By 1994, The Jungle Book sold 9.5 million units in the United States.[89] Home video sales outside North America reached a record 14 million units and grossed $350 million by December 1993.[90] Overseas sales reached 14.8 million units by January 1994, becoming the bestselling international VHS release in overseas markets, including sales of 4.9 million units in the United Kingdom, 4.3 million in Germany, and 1.2 million in France.[91] By August 1994, it had sold 15 million units in international overseas markets,[92] bringing worldwide sales to 24.5 million units by 1994. As of 2002, The Jungle Book held the record for the bestselling home video release in the United Kingdom, ahead of Titanic which sold 4.8 million units.[93]

It was reissued on video in 1997 as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection for the film's 30th anniversary.[75] A Limited Issue DVD was released by Buena Vista Home Entertainment in 1999.[94] The film was released once again as a 2-disc Platinum Edition DVD on October 2, 2007, to commemorate its 40th anniversary.[95] Its release was accompanied by a limited 18-day run at Disney's own El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles, with the opening night featuring a panel with composer Richard Sherman and voice actors Bruce Reitherman, Darlene Carr, and Chad Stuart.[96] The Platinum DVD was put on moratorium in 2010.[97] The film was released in a Blu-ray/DVD/Digital Copy Combo pack on February 11, 2014, as part of Disney's Diamond Edition line.[98] The Diamond Edition release went back into the Disney Vault on January 31, 2017. In the United States, the DVD and Blu-ray releases sold 12 million units between 2007 and 2016, and have grossed $304 million as of August 2018.[99] A Limited Edition from Disney Movie Club was released on Blu-ray and DVD combo on March 26, 2019. The film was re-released on Blu-ray/DVD/Digital on February 22, 2022, in honor of the film's 55th anniversary.[100]

Critical reception

The Jungle Book received positive reviews upon release, undoubtedly influenced by a nostalgic reaction to the death of Walt Disney.[58] Time magazine noted the film strayed far from the Kipling stories, but "[n]evertheless, the result is thoroughly delightful...it is the happiest possible way to remember Walt Disney".[101] Howard Thompson of The New York Times praised the film as "simple, uncluttered, straight-forward fun, as put together by the director, Wolfgang Reitherman, four screen writers and the usual small army of technicians. Using some lovely exotic pastel backgrounds and a nice clutch of tunes, the picture unfolds like an intelligent comic-strip fairy tale".[72] Richard Schickel, reviewing for Life magazine, referred to it as "the best thing of its kind since Dumbo, another short, bright, unscary and blessedly uncultivated cartoon".[102] Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times wrote the film was "really, really good Disney indeed, and nobody needs to say a great deal more".[103] Arthur D. Murphy of Variety gave the film a favorable review while noting that "the story development is restrained" and that younger audiences "may squirm at times".[104] The song "The Bare Necessities" was nominated for Best Original Song at the 40th Academy Awards, losing to "Talk to the Animals" from Doctor Dolittle.[105] Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences president Gregory Peck lobbied extensively for the film to be nominated for Best Picture, but was unsuccessful.[106]

Retrospective reviews were also positive, with the film's animation, characters and music receiving much praise throughout the years. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film received an approval rating of 88% based on 42 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "With expressive animation, fun characters, and catchy songs, The Jungle Book endures as a crowd-pleasing Disney classic".[107] In 1990, when the film had its last theatrical re-release, Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that The Jungle Book "isn't a classic Walt Disney film on the order of, say, Cinderella or Pinocchio, but it's one of Disney's liveliest and funniest".[108] Charles Solomon, reviewing for the Los Angeles Times, thought the film's animators was "near the height of their talents" and the resulting film "remains a high-spirited romp that will delight children—and parents weary of action films with body counts that exceed their box-office grosses".[109] In 2010, Empire described the film as one that "gets pretty much everything right", noting that the vibrant animation and catchy songs overcame the plot deficiencies.[106]

Colin Greenland reviewed The Jungle Book for Imagine magazine, and stated that "the last film the old boy worked on himself and I reckon the last good animated feature in his traditional mode - not least because of some rather jolly jazz which, legend has it, Walt himself resisted, and was added after his death".[110]

Controversy

There has been criticism of the portrayal of King Louie, who some have viewed as a racist caricature of African Americans.[111] However, this was not the filmmakers' intention as the character and mannerisms of King Louie were largely based on his voice actor, Louis Prima, a well-known Italian American jazz musician and performer, who would have been instantly recognizable to audiences during the late 1960s.[45][62] While Louis Armstrong was briefly considered for the part, the filmmakers quickly steered away from that direction upon realizing the racist implications.[61]

In 2019, Disney added disclaimers warning of "outdated cultural depictions" at the start of the film on Disney+.[111] In January 2021, Disney removed access to the film for child profiles in Disney+, and strengthened the warning message to read: "This program includes negative depictions and/or mistreatment of people or cultures. These stereotypes were wrong then and are wrong now. Rather than remove this content, we want to acknowledge its harmful impact, learn from it and spark conversation to create a more inclusive future together".[112]

Legacy

In 1968, Disneyland Records released the album More Jungle Book, an unofficial sequel also written by screenwriter Larry Simmons, which continued the story of the film, and included Phil Harris and Louis Prima voicing their film roles. In the record, Baloo (Harris) is missing Mowgli (Ginny Tyler), so he teams up with King Louie (Prima) and Bagheera (Dal McKennon) to take him from the man village.[113] On February 14, 2003, DisneyToon Studios in Australia released a film sequel, The Jungle Book 2, in which Mowgli runs away from the man village to see his animal friends, unaware that Shere Khan is more determined to kill him than ever.[114] In 2005, screenwriter Robert Reece pitched Jungle Book 3 to Disney execs., but the project never materialized.[115]

Elements of The Jungle Book were recycled in the later Disney feature film Robin Hood,[116] such as Baloo being inspiration for Little John (who not only was a bear, but also voiced by Phil Harris). In particular, the dance sequence between Baloo and King Louie was simply rotoscoped for Little John and Lady Cluck's dance.[117][118] It has been widely acclaimed by animators, with Eric Goldberg declaring The Jungle Book "boasts possibly the best character animation a studio has ever done". The animators of Aladdin, The Lion King, Tarzan, and Lilo & Stitch took inspiration from the design and animation of the film, and four people involved with Disney's animations, director Brad Bird and animators Andreas Deja, Glen Keane and Sergio Pablos, have declared the film to be their inspiration for entering the business.[119]

In 1978, a live-action sketch titled The Wonderful World of Ernie from Morecambe and Wise parodied I Wan'na Be Like You (The Monkey Song) by doing a full reenactment of the scene with sets and costumes and lip-synching to the song's original recording (including the characters' spoken dialogue in the middle of the song). The sketch starred Danny Rolnick as Mowgli, Derek Griffiths as Bagheera, Eric Morecambe as Baloo and Ernie Wise as King Louie.[120]

Many characters appear in the 1990–91 animated series TaleSpin.[121] Between 1996 and 1998, the TV series Jungle Cubs told the stories of Baloo, Hahti, Bagheera, Louie, Kaa, and Shere Khan when they were children.[122] Disney later made a live-action adaptation of the film, which was more of a realistic action-adventure film with somewhat-more adult themes. The film, released in 1994, differs even more from the book than its animated counterpart, but was still a box-office success. In 1998, Disney released a direct to video film entitled The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story.[123] A new live-action version of The Jungle Book was released by Disney in 2016, which even reused most of the songs of the animated film, with some lyrical reworking by original composer Richard M. Sherman.[124]

There are two video games based on the film: The Jungle Book was a platformer released in 1993 for Master System, Mega Drive, Game Gear, Super NES, Game Boy and PC. A version for the Game Boy Advance was later released in 2003.[125] The Jungle Book Groove Party was a dance mat game released in 2000 for PlayStation and PlayStation 2.[126][127] Kaa and Shere Khan have also made cameo appearances in another Disney video game, QuackShot.[128] A world based on the film was intended to appear more than once in the Square Enix-Disney Kingdom Hearts video game series, but was omitted both times, first in the first game because it featured a similar world based on Tarzan,[129] and second in Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep, although areas of the world are accessible via hacking codes.[130] Baloo and Mowgli appear as interactive characters in Adventureland on Kinect: Disneyland Adventures released in 2011 and re-released in 2017.[131] Mowgli, Bagheera, Baloo, Shere Khan and King Louie appear as playable characters in the video game Disney Magic Kingdoms.[132][133] Baloo appears as a playable character in Disney Mirrorverse released in 2022.[134] Baloo and Mowgli appear as a playable characters in the kart racing game Disney Speedstorm released in 2022.[135] Since the film's release, many of the film's characters appeared in House of Mouse, The Lion King 1½, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and Aladdin and the King of Thieves.[136] In December 2010, a piece of artwork by British artist Banksy featuring The Jungle Book characters which had been commissioned by Greenpeace to help raise awareness of deforestation went on sale for the sum of £80,000.[137]

Exhibition

A behind-the-scenes exhibition titled Walt Disney's The Jungle Book: Making a Masterpiece, guest-curated by Andreas Deja took place at The Walt Disney Family Museum from June 23, 2022, to January 8, 2023. The event celebrated the film's 55th anniversary by displaying over 600 pieces of rare artwork, manuscripts, photos, animation drawings and cels as well as ephemera. It also detailed the entire story of the film's production, its release and the worldwide recognition it has earned through the years.[138][139][140] A Members Only Preview which included a special talk with Andreas Deja, Bruce Reitherman, Darleen Carr and Floyd Norman took place on June 22, 2022.[141] An extensive companion book, Walt Disney's The Jungle Book: Making a Masterpiece also written by Deja was originally slated to be published by Weldon Owen on September 20, 2022,[142] before it was changed to November 1.[143]

Special screenings of the film took place at the museum's theater from July 2 to July 31, 2022.[144]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In 2003, Variety listed the worldwide gross for The Jungle Book at $378 million.[2] It also listed the North American gross at $128 million, which is lower than the reported estimate at $141 million.[79]

References

  1. 1 2 "'Jungle Book' in Disney Processing Two Years and Another Year to Go". Variety. December 15, 1965. p. 7. Retrieved June 4, 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  2. 1 2 Mallory, Michael; D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 27, 2003). "Tooned in: Disney's ani classics set the bar and lit the way for future generations". Variety. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2023 – via The Free Library.
  3. 1 2 "All-Time Box Office Champs". Variety. January 6, 1971. p. 12.
  4. 1 2 Scott Roxborough (April 22, 2016). "Why Disney's Original 'Jungle Book' Is Germany's Biggest Film of All Time". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
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