Julius Friedrich Cohnheim
Julius Friedrich Cohnheim
Born20 July 1839
Demmin, Pomerania
Died15 August 1884 (1884-08-16) (aged 45)
Leipzig
NationalityGerman
Scientific career
FieldsPathology

Julius Friedrich Cohnheim (20 July 1839 – 15 August 1884) was a German-Jewish pathologist.

Biography

Cohnheim was born at Demmin, Pomerania. He studied at the universities of Würzburg, Marburg, Greifswald, and Berlin, receiving his doctoral degree at the University of Berlin in 1861. After taking a postgraduate course in Prague, he returned to Berlin in 1862, where he practised until 1864, when he took service as surgeon in the war against Denmark. In the fall of the same year he became assistant at the pathological institute of Berlin University under Rudolf Virchow, remaining there until 1868. During this time he published several articles relating to physiological chemistry and histology, but finally turned his especial attention to pathological anatomy. In 1867 there appeared in Virchow's "Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin" (xli) Cohnheim's essay, "Ueber Entzündung und Eiterung", which made his reputation as a pathologist. In it he proved that the emigration of the white blood-corpuscles is the origin of pus, a statement which produced a great revolution in pathology. In 1868 Cohnheim was appointed professor of pathological anatomy and general pathology in the University of Kiel; and four years later (1872) he went to the University of Breslau to fill a similar position. His work there was interrupted in the winter of 1873-74 by illness. In 1878 he accepted an invitation to become professor of pathology in the University of Leipzig, which chair he occupied until his death.

Cohnheim was the first to use the now universal method of freezing fresh pathological objects for examination; he also first demonstrated nerve-termination in "Cohnheim's areas" (polygonal areas indicating the cut ends of muscle-columns, seen in the cross-sections of striated muscle-fiber); he was the pioneer in the theory of inflammation, which is now universally accepted; and his researches in the field of pathological circulation and the causes of embolism marked a new departure in the methods of medical treatment.

Aside from his literary and experimental activity, Cohnheim was both popular and successful as a teacher.

He died in Leipzig in 1884.

Selected works

Ueber die Entzündung seröser Häute," in Virchow's Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin, xxii.

  • "Zur Kenntniss der zuckerbildenden Fermente," ib. xxviii.
  • "Ein Fall von Abscessen in Amyloid entarteten Organen," ib. xxxiii.
  • "Ueber die Endigung der Muskelnerven," ib. xxxiv.
  • "Ueber den feineren Bau der quergestreiften Muskelfasern," ib. xxxiv.
  • "Zur pathologischen Anatomie der Trichinenkrankheit," ib. xxxvi.
  • "Ueber die Endigung der sensiblen Nerven in der Hornhaut," ib. xxxviii.
  • "Ueber Entzündung und Eiterung," ib. xl.
  • "Ueber Venöse Stauung," ib. xli.
  • With Bernhard Fränkel, "Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Uebertragbarkeit der Tuberkulose auf Thiere," ib. xlv.
  • "Untersuchungen über die embolischen Processe," Berlin, 1872
  • "Neue Untersuchungen über die Entzündung," Berlin 1873
  • Vorlesungen über allgemeine Pathologie: Ein Handbuch für Aertze und Studirende, Berlin 1877-80, 2d ed. 1882
  • Die Tuberkulose vom Standpunkte der Infectionslehre, Leipzig, 2d ed., 1881.
  • Gesammelte Abhandlungen, Berlin, 1885, Herausgegeben von E. Wagner. Mit einem Lebensbilde Cohnheim's von W. Kühne.

See also

References

  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Cohnheim, Julius". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  • Wohlgemuth, B; Borte, G (1989), "[The 150th birthday of Julius Cohnheim]", Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung, vol. 83, no. 14, pp. 743–5, PMID 2678773
  • Grundmann, E (1985), "[The concept of Julius Cohnheim on tumor formation and metastasis from the viewpoint of new research results]", Zentralblatt für allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 323–31, PMID 3911652
  • Borte, G (1985), "[Life and places of activity of Julius Cohnheim]", Zentralblatt für allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 291–7, PMID 3911650
  • "[Julius Cohnheim (20 July 1839-15 August 1884) and his work. Papers from a festschrift]", Zentralblatt für allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 281–347, 1985, PMID 3911648
  • Malkin, H M (1984), "Julius Cohnheim (1839-1884). His life and contributions to pathology.", Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 335–42, PMID 6383186
  • Maulitz, R C (1978), "Rudolf Virchow, Julius Cohnheim and the program of pathology.", Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 162–82, PMID 361110
  • "Julius Cohnheim (1839-1884) experimental pathologist.", JAMA (published Nov 11, 1968), vol. 206, no. 7, pp. 1561–2, 1968, doi:10.1001/jama.206.7.1561, PMID 4879583
  • DOERR, W (1960), "[On the 75th anniversary of the death of Julius Cohnheim.]", Ärztliche Wochenschrift (published Jan 29, 1960), vol. 15, pp. 78–82, PMID 13817213
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