Jennie V. Hughes
A portrait of two women. The Chinese woman, Shi Meiyu, is standing and wearing a printed silk top; the white woman, Jennie V. Hughes, is seated with her hands in her lap; she is wearing a black dress with a white front. Both women have their hair dressed up off their necks.
Shi Meiyu and Jennie V. Hughes, from the frontispiece of their book Chinese Heart-Throbs (1920)
Born
Jennie Van Name Hughes

March 9, 1873
Woodstown, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedNovember 29, 1951
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
OccupationChristian missionary in China

Jennie V. Hughes (胡遵理; March 9, 1873 – November 29, 1951) was an American Methodist missionary in China. She co-founded the Bethel Mission in Shanghai with Chinese doctor Shi Meiyu (Mary Stone).

Early life

Jennie Van Name Hughes was from Ocean Grove, New Jersey, the daughter of George Hughes (1823-1904) and Abby Townley Van Name Hughes. Her father was an English-born Methodist minister and editor. Her older sister Eliza Ann Hughes Davis was also a missionary in China, her older sister Mary Ernsberger was a missionary in India, and her older brother George Mead Hughes was a Methodist minister.[1][2] Her maternal aunt, Nettie Van Name, was an evangelical singer.[3]

Career

Hughes went to China as a missionary in 1905, commissioned by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church to teach in Jiujiang.[4] Hughes was principal of the Knowles Bible Training School at Jiujiang.[5][6] She worked with Shi Meiyu (Mary Stone), and the two traveled to the United States together in 1907 for Stone's health.[7] Hughes was in the United States from 1910 to 1912,[8] for the Woman's Missionary Society's jubilee celebrations, touring with other American women missionaries to speak at events in different cities, including Pittsburgh[9] Washington, D.C.,[10] and Oakland.[11]

American women missionaries speaking at jubilee celebrations in 1911. Front row: Florence Miller, Helen Barrett Montgomery, Jennie V. Hughes; Back row: Mary Riggs Noble, Etta Doane Marden, Mrs. W. T. Elmore, and Mary E. Carleton.

In 1915 Hughes and Stone were injured in a car accident in La Jolla, California, and stayed in the United States into 1916 to recover.[12] After another leave and lecture tour in the United States in 1919,[13][14][15] the pair left the Methodist mission at Jiujiang in 1920, over a disagreement about doctrine.[16]

Hughes and Stone, along with Mary Stone's sister Phoebe Stone, began the non-denominational Bethel Mission in Shanghai in 1920.[17][16] Bethel Mission included a chapel, a hospital, schools, an orphanage, a printing service, and housing for staff and students.[18][19] Hughes wrote a book of short stories, Chinese Heart-Throbs (1920), with an introduction by Stone.[20] In October 1920, the pair toured several Chinese cities, "combining lectures on health with evangelism", at schools and YMCA halls, and to nursing groups.[21]

In 1925, the Bethel Mission helped treat wounded soldiers during unrest in Shanghai. "All our remaining schoolgirls are sleeping here," Hughes wrote in a report from the scene. "The teachers and a few boys will come here if firing begins, and we will hide in the cellar. We have wounded soldiers from both sides. One officer is very bad and will likely die tonight."[22]

Personal life

With increasing danger from war, Hughes and Stone moved their mission to Hong Kong in 1937, and left for America.[13][23][24] In 1939 they moved to Pasadena, California with their three adopted daughters, Mary, Grace, and Norma,[25] and two other girls, Loretta Soong and Eileen Chen Lin.[26] Hughes died in California in 1951, aged 77 years. Some of her letters are in the Eliza Ann Hughes Davis papers at the University of Oregon Libraries.[1] One historian describes Hughes and Stone's 45-year professional and personal partnership as "the most notable special friendship on the mission field."[27]

Bethel Mission continues in the form of Bethel High School in Hong Kong.[28]

References

  1. 1 2 American Women Missionaries and Pioneers Collection, Microfilm Collections, University of Oregon Libraries.
  2. ↑ "For Visitors from China". St. Joseph News-Press Gazette. May 1, 1920. p. 2. Retrieved November 19, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ↑ Hughes, George; Kenney, Lidie H. (1892). The sweet singer, Nettie Van Name: and her seven years' work for Jesus. National Holiness Publishing House. p. 49.
  4. ↑ "Woman's Foreign Missionary Society". Christian Advocate. December 7, 1905. p. 80 – via ProQuest.
  5. ↑ Xiaoxin, Wu (2017-03-02). Christianity in China: A Scholars' Guide to Resources in the Libraries and Archives of the United States. Routledge. ISBN 9781315493992.
  6. ↑ Grose, Howard Benjamin (May 1917). "A Letter from Kuikiang". Missions. 8: 394.
  7. ↑ "Chinese Woman at Ocean Grove". Asbury Park Press. April 10, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ "Missionary Will be Tendered Reception". Oakland Tribune. August 8, 1912. p. 10. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ "Religious and Charitable". The Pittsburgh Press. February 22, 1910. p. 3. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Arrangements for Jubilee Complete". Evening Star. January 28, 1911. p. 20. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "Mission Secretary is a Bay Visitor". Oakland Tribune. February 4, 1912. p. 30. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ↑ "Women Suffer Great Agonies". The Los Angeles Times. October 7, 1915. p. 17. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. 1 2 Boorman, Howard L.; Cheng, Joseph K. H.; Krompart, Janet (1967). Biographical Dictionary of Republican China. Columbia University Press. p. 129. ISBN 9780231089579.
  14. ↑ "Personal and Social News". The Times. May 21, 1919. p. 6. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ "Will Figure in W. C. T. U. Drive". The Times. May 20, 1919. p. 6. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. 1 2 Goforth, Jonathan; Goforth, Rosalind (2014-01-27). Miracle Lives of China. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 133–134. ISBN 9781625646484.
  17. ↑ Standaert, Nicolas; Tiedemann, R. G. (2009-12-01). Handbook of Christianity in China. BRILL. pp. 623–624. ISBN 9789004114302.
  18. ↑ "10 Women Who Served China". Chinasource. 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
  19. ↑ Xi, Lian (2010). Redeemed by Fire: The Rise of Popular Christianity in Modern China. Yale University Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780300123395.
  20. ↑ Hughes, Jennie V. (1920). Chinese heart-throbs. New York. hdl:2027/nyp.33433068285596.
  21. ↑ "Latest Word from Dr. Mary Stone". Missionary Review of the World. 44: 319–322. April 1921.
  22. ↑ "Civil War and Riot". The Cincinnati Enquirer. March 15, 1925. p. 117. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ↑ Porter, Marion (May 19, 1938). "City Visitors Relate Horrors of Shanghai Bombing by Japs". The Courier-Journal. p. 2. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ↑ "Missionaries Describe War". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. October 2, 1937. p. 3. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ Searle, William A. (October 11, 1941). "3 Girl Refugees from China Plead at Haddonfield for Aid to Homeland". Courier-Post. p. 7. Retrieved November 18, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ↑ Lin, Paul T. K.; Lin, Eileen Chen (2011-08-04). In the Eye of the China Storm: A Life Between East and West. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9780773538573.
  27. ↑ Hunter, Jane (1984). The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-century China. Yale University Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780300046038.
  28. ↑ "伯特利中學 - School History". Bethel High School, Hong Kong. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
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