Ishak Bey
The grave of Ishak Bey in Skopje
Place of burial
Üsküp (today Skopje, modern day North Macedonia)
AllegianceOttoman Empire
Years of service15th century
Ranksanjakbey
Battles/wars

Ishak Bey or Ishak-Beg or Ishak-Beg Hranić was an Ottoman governor and soldier, the sanjakbey of Üsküb from 1415 to 1439.[1]

Biography

According to some sources he was a member of the Bosnian Hranušić family, released slave and adopted son of Pasha Yiğit Bey.[2] It is very possible that in the spirit of the customs of the time, his brother Sandalj Hranić sent him to the sultan's court as a political and diplomatic move as a sign of loyalty to the emperor.[3] His biological father was Hrana Vuković, his full name is Ishak Bey Hranić and according to whom Ishak's most famous son Isa Bey, along with his father's and grandfather's patronymic, will be - Isa Bey Ishaković Hranušić.[4] Ishak Bey is the founder of the Ottoman branch of the aristocratic Bosnian Kosača - Isabegović[5] family.

Ishak was appointed ruler by Porte at the time of the conquest of Foča, Čajniče, Pljevlja and Nevesinje in today's Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In 1420 Ishak Bey organized a successful private campaign in Bosnia to support brother's struggle against his enemies.[6] He executed Sandalj's opponent Petar Pavlovic and then Ishak Bey divided conquered territory with Sandalj.

In attempt to relieve Ottoman pressure during the Siege of Thessalonica Venice inspired Gjon Kastrioti to rebel against Ottomans in 1428. After Ottomans captured Thessalonica in April 1430 their forces led by Ishak bey captured most of Gjon's land. He positioned Ottoman garrison in two Gjon's castles and destroyed rest of them. In December 1434 during an Albanian revolt he marched in south-central Albania but was defeated by Gjergj Arianiti. Contemporary sources from the senate of Ragusa mention that many Ottoman soldiers were captured, while Ishak Bey escaped with a small group.[7]

In 1439, when he was returning from his trip to Mecca, he was ordered by the sultan to join forces of Şihabeddin Pasha and besiege Novo Brdo, important fortified mining town of Serbian Despotate. On 6 August 1439 the Ottoman forces under Ishak-Beg defeated forces of Serbian Despotate in a battle fought near Novo Brdo.[8] In November 1443 he commanded one of Ottoman armies during the Battle of Niš which ended with Ottoman defeat.[9]

Sultan appointed Himmetizade Nesuh Bey to be the new ruler of Bosansko Krajište in period between 1439 and 1454 when Isa-Beg Ishaković, Ishak Bey's son and ruler of Skopsko Krajište took over control over Bosansko Krajište also for period 1454—1463. His grandson Gazi Mehmed Bey Isabegović aka Čelebi was sanjak-bey of Bosnian Sanjak in period 1484–1485 and sanjak-bey of Sanjak of Herzegovina in period 1507-1510 and 1513-1515.[10]

He built the Ishak Bey Mosque in Skopje, where his tomb is also located.

Family tree

After Franz Babinger in the Encyclopedia of Islam:[11]

Pasha Yiğit Bey
Ishak BeyTurahan Bey
Isa Bey IshakovićAhmed BeyÖmer Bey
Hasan BeyIdris Bey


After Amir Isajbegović in the "Kuća onih što sade dud - rekonstrukcija"[12]

Ishak bey Hranic family tree












Notes

  1. ^
    Adopted by Pasha Jigit Bey, Ishak Beg Hranić was of Bosnian origin and member of Kosača family.



References

  1. ↑ Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994-06-15). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 468. ISBN 9780472082605. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  2. ↑ Mandić, Dominik (1978). Bosna i Hercegovina: povjesno-kritička istraživanja. ZIRAL, Zajednica izdanja ranjeni labud. Retrieved 29 May 2011. Ishak beg, sandžak Skopski 1414-1439, nije bio rođeni sin svoga predšasnika Yigit Paše, skopskoga sandžaka, nego njegov oslobođeni rob i posinak. Na osnovu nekih izjava Isa bega, sina Ishak begova, Ć. Truhelka postavio je tezu da je Ishak beg bio rodom Hranušić
  3. ↑ Amir Isajbegović, Kuća onih što sade dud - rekonstrukcija, Zagreb 2022. ISBN 978-953-49425-0-5
  4. ↑ Emecen, Feridun (2000). Ishak bey - Osmanlı uç beyi (in Turkish). Istanbul: TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. pp. 524, 525.
  5. ↑
  6. ↑ M. Bešić, Zarij (1970), Istorija Crne Gore / 2. Crna gora u doba oblasnih gospodara. (in Serbian), Titograd: Redakcija za istoiju Crne Gore, p. 123, OCLC 175122851, Већ сљедеће године кренуо је скопски намјесник Исхак у Босну да сатре Сандаљеве противнике, које је подржавао босански краљ.Ништа он није ни могао предузети против Сандаљевог пасторка и вјерног султановог харачара Балше III.
  7. ↑ Anamali, Skënder; Korkuti, Muzafer; Islami, Selim; Frano Prendi; Edi Shukriu (2002). Kristaq Prifti, Muzafer Korkuti (ed.). Historia e popullit shqiptar. Botimet Toena. p. 337. ISBN 9789992716229. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  8. ↑ Jefferson, John (17 August 2012). The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438-1444. BRILL. p. 165. ISBN 978-90-04-21904-5.
  9. ↑ Babinger, Franz (1992), Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time, Princeton University Press, p. 25, ISBN 978-0-691-01078-6, The combined host met Ottoman forces first on November 3, 1443, between the castle of Bolvan (near Aleksinac) and the city of Niš. Here Kasim Bey, then governor of Rumelia, Ishak Bey and other standard bearers were defeated.
  10. ↑ Truhelka, dr.Ćiro (1911), Tursko-slovjenski spomenici dubrovačke arhive (in Bosnian), Sarajevo: Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u BiH, p. 446, Ovaj sandžak bio je sin glasovitog Isabega Isabegovića, koji je pod imenom Mehmed-Čelebija bio gospodar Pavlovića zemlje (1466.—1468.) Iza očeve smrti izgubismo mu trag a nakon 40 godina tek sretamo ga u Hercegovini kao sandžaka 16. maja 1507. spominje se u dubrovačkim zapisnicama Mehmedbeg Isabegović u savezu sa jednom kaznenom stvari.
  11. ↑ Babinger, Franz (1987) [1936]. "Turakhān Beg". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VIII. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 876–878. ISBN 90-04-09794-5.
  12. ↑ Amir Isajbegović, Kuća onih što sade dud - rekonstrukcija, Zagreb 2022. pp. 66 ISBN 978-953-49425-0-5
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