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Since India gained independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) has seen a steady number of splits and breakaway factions. Some of the breakaway organisations have thrived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.
List of breakaway parties
References
- ↑ Ghosh, Asok (ed.), A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55
- ↑ Amit Mukherjee (3 April 2004). "The case of the missing socialists". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ↑ Bose, K.; Forward Bloc. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212
- ↑ Rajmohan Gandhi. "Its tone being liberal as well as conservative, Swatantra reached out to moderate Hindus and non-Hindus in ways not available to the Jan Sangh". Rediff. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ↑ "P. T. Chacko, Pullolil". Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- ↑ Harsh Singh Lohit. Charan Singh, A Brief Life History. Charan Singh Archives.
- ↑ Wallace, Paul. India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace, in Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 68. JSTOR 2642338
- ↑ Ksh Kennedy Singh (25 January 2009). "The MPP and the People of Manipur". Manipuronline.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ↑ Mukharjee, Aditya. "Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation". Academic Foundation, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ↑ Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). India after Independence 1947-2000, New Delhi:Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-027825-7, p.236
- ↑ G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 320 Million Judges. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. ISBN 81-7017-061-3.
- 1 2 Andersen, Walter K.. India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension, published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135
- ↑ "Spotlight: Merger with NCP". The Tribune. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ↑ Ashok Kumar (5 April 2006). "From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 9 April 2006. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ↑ Bhavdeep Kang (3 April 2004). "A Sleight Of Hand". Outlook India. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ↑ T.S. Subramanian (15 September 2001). "Crusading Congressman". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 December 2001. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ Kalyan Chaudhuri (2 February 2002). "A fractured verdict in Manipur". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ "MEMBERS OF XII LOK SABHA". Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2009.
- ↑ "Pune set for triangular fight". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 July 2004. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
- ↑ "Karunakaran's party gets new name". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 1 September 2005. Archived from the original on 5 December 2005. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
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