India
Nickname(s)Women in Blue
AssociationBoard of Control for Cricket in India
Personnel
CaptainHarmanpreet Kaur
CoachAmol Muzumdar
History
Test status acquired1976
International Cricket Council
ICC statusFull member (1926)
ICC regionAsia
ICC Rankings Current[1] Best-ever
WODI 4th 2nd (1 May 2020)
WT20I 3rd 3rd (15 Nov 2019)
Women's Tests
First WTestv  West Indies at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore; 31 October – 2 November 1976
Last WTestv  Australia at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai; 21–24 December 2023
WTests Played Won/Lost
Total[2] 40 7/6
(27 draws)
This year[3] 0 0/0 (0 draws)
Women's One Day Internationals
First WODIv  England at Eden Gardens, Calcutta; 1 January 1978
Last WODIv  Australia at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai; 2 January 2024
WODIs Played Won/Lost
Total[4] 307 165/136
(2 ties, 4 no result)
This year[5] 3 0/3
(0 ties, 0 no results)
Women's World Cup appearances10 (first in 1978)
Best result Runners-up (2005, 2017)
Women's World Cup Qualifier appearances1 (first in 2017)
Best result Champions (2017)
Women's Twenty20 Internationals
First WT20Iv  England at the County Cricket Ground, Derby; 5 August 2006
Last WT20Iv  Australia at DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai; 9 January 2024
WT20Is Played Won/Lost
Total[6] 179 94/79
(1 tie, 5 no results)
This year[7] 3 1/2
(0 ties, 0 no results)
Women's T20 World Cup appearances8 (first in 2009)
Best result Runner-up (2020)

Test kit

ODI kit

T20I kit

As of 9 January 2024

The India women's national cricket team, also known as 'Women in Blue',[8] represents India in women's international cricket. It is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a full member of International Cricket Council (ICC) with Women's Test cricket, Women's One Day International (WODI), and Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) status.

India made its Test debut in 1976,[9] against the West Indies, and its One Day International (ODI) debut at the 1978 World Cup against England and also made its T20I debut in 2006, against England.

The team has made the ODI World Cup final on two occasions, losing to Australia by 98 runs in 2005 and losing to England by 9 runs in 2017. India has made the semi-finals on three other occasions, in 1997, 2000, and 2009. India has also reached the finals of the T20I World Cup once, losing to Australia by 85 runs in 2020. India qualified for the semi-finals on four occasions (2009, 2010, 2018 and 2023).

India has won all the editions of Women's Asia Cup, except the 2018 edition.

India won a silver medal in the 2022 Commonwealth Games. India also won a gold medal in 2022 Asian Games.

History

Eight female cricketers stand on a field. Two players are in red practice jerseys; three other players in red jerseys are facing toward them; a player in a blue shirt is facing away and hides another player in a blue game shirt. In the upper left corner is a fan with an Indian flag.
Members of the Indian cricket team before a Women's Cricket World Cup game in Sydney

The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first documented instance of cricket being played is in 1721.[10] It was played and adopted by Kolis of Gujarat because they were sea pirates and outlaws who always loot the British ships so East India Company tried to manage the Kolis in cricket and been successful.[11][12] The first Indian cricket club was established by the Parsi community in Bombay, in 1848; the club played their first match against the Europeans in 1877.[13] The first official Indian cricket team was formed in 1911 and toured England, where they played English county teams.[14] The India team made their Test debut against England in 1932.[15] Around the same time (1934), the first women's Test was played between England and Australia.[16] However, women's cricket arrived in India much later; the Women's Cricket Association of India was formed in 1973.[17] The Indian women's team played their first Test match in 1976, against the West Indies.[18] India recorded its first-ever Test win in November 1978 against West Indies under Shantha Rangaswamy's captaincy at the Moin-ul-Haq Stadium in Patna.[19][20]

Indian Batter at Cricket World Cup 2010
Mithali Raj, Captain of India Women's cricket team

In 1973 Women's Cricket Association of India, the governing body for women's cricket was founded in Pune, Maharashtra. Premala Chavan was its first president. It was affiliated to International Women's Cricket Council. As part of the International Cricket Council's initiative to develop women's cricket, the Women's Cricket Association of India was merged with the Board of Control for Cricket in India in 2006/07.[21]

In 2021, the BCCI announced that Ramesh Powar would become the Head Coach of the Indian Women's Cricket Team.[22][23] In 2022, Indian Women script history by winning 1st series on England soil in 23 years.[24]

Governing body

The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for the Indian cricket team and first-class cricket in India. The Board has been operating since 1929 and represents India at the International Cricket Council. It is amongst the richest sporting organisations in the world. It sold media rights for India's matches from 2006 to 2010 for US$612,000,000.[25] It manages the Indian team's sponsorships, its future tours and team selection. The International Cricket Council (ICC) determines India's upcoming matches through its future tours program.

Selection Committee

On 26 September 2020, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the appointment of All-India Women's Selection Committee.[26] Neetu David, former left-arm spinner, heads the five-member selection committee.[26]

Team colours

Sponsorship for ICC tournaments
Tournament Kit manufacturer Sleeve sponsor
1973 Women's Cricket World Cup
1978 Women's Cricket World Cup
1982 Hansells Vita Fresh World Cup
1988 Shell Bicentennial Women's World Cup
1993 Women's Cricket World Cup
1997 Hero Honda Women's World Cup Wills
2000 ESPNcricinfo Women's Cricket World Cup
2005 Women's Cricket World Cup Sahara
2009 Women's Cricket World Cup Nike
2009 ICC Women's World Twenty20
2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20
2012 ICC Women's World Twenty20
2013 Women's Cricket World Cup
2014 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Star India
2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20
2017 Women's Cricket World Cup Oppo
2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20
2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup BYJU'S
2022 Women's Cricket World Cup MPL Sports
2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup
Kit sponsorship history
Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
1993 – 1996 Wills
1999 – 2001
2001 – 2002
2002 – 2003 Sahara
2003 – 2005
2005 – 2013 Nike
2014 – 2017 Star India
2017 – 2019 Oppo
2019 – 2020 BYJU'S
2020 – 2023 MPL Sports
2023 – 2028 Adidas TBA

Sponsorship

Current Sponsors & Partners
Team sponsor Dream11
Title sponsor IDFC First Bank
Kit sponsor Adidas
Official partner SBI Life
Official broadcaster Viacom18
(Sports18 & JioCinema)

The current sponsor of the team is BYJU's.[27] OPPO's sponsorship was to run from 2017 until 2022, but was handed over to BYJU's on 5 September 2019.[28] Previously, the Indian team was sponsored by Star India from 2014 to 2017,[29] Sahara India Pariwar from 2002 to 2013.

Nike had been a long time kit supplier to team India having acquired the contract in 2005,[30] with two extensions for a period of five years each time; in 2011[31] and 2016[32] respectively. Nike ended its contract in September 2020[33] and MPL Sports Apparel & Accessories, a subsidiary of online gaming platform Mobile Premier League replaced Nike as the kit manufacturer in October 2020.[34][35][36]

On 30 August 2019, following the conclusion of the Expression of Interest process for Official partners’ Rights, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced that Sporta Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (Dream11), LafargeHolcim (ACC Cement and Ambuja Cement) and Hyundai Motor India Ltd. have acquired the Official partners' Rights for the BCCI International and Domestic matches during 2019–23.[37]

Paytm acquired the title sponsorship for all matches played by the team within India in 2015[38] and extended the same in 2019[39] until 2023. Star India and Airtel have been title sponsors previously.[40][41]

International grounds

Captains

Forthcoming fixtures

The recent results and forthcoming fixtures of India in international cricket:[42][43]

Bilateral series and tours
Date Against H/A/N Results [Matches]
Test WODI WT20I
July 2023  Bangladesh Away - 1-1 [3] 2-1 [3]
2023  England Home 1-0 [1] - 1-2 [3]
2023/24  Australia Home 1-0[1] [3] [3]
Multiteam series and tournaments
Date Series Format Position Results [Matches]
February 2023 South Africa 2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup WT20I 3rd 3-2 [5]
September 2023 China 2022 Asian Games WT20I 1st 2-0 [3]
September 2024 Bangladesh 2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup WT20I

Players

Former players

Squad

This lists all the active players who are centrally contracted with BCCI or was named in the recent ODI or T20I squads. Uncapped players are listed in italics. Updated on 13 July 2023

Key
SymbolMeaning
C/GContract grade with the BCCI[44]
S/NShirt number of the player in all formats
FormatDenotes the player's playing format
Name Age Batting style Bowling style Domestic team C/G Forms S/N
Batters
Smriti Mandhana27Left-handed—MaharashtraAODI & T20I (Vice-captain)18
Harmanpreet Kaur34Right-handedRight-arm off breakPunjabAODI & T20I (Captain)7
Shafali Verma19Right-handedRight-arm off breakHaryanaBODI & T20I17
Jemimah Rodrigues23Right-handedRight-arm off breakMumbaiBODI & T20I5
Sabbhineni Meghana27Right-handed—RailwaysCT20I27
Priya Punia27Right-handedRight-arm mediumDelhi-ODI16
All-rounders
Deepti Sharma26Left-handedRight-arm off breakBengalAODI & T20I6
Pooja Vastrakar24Right-handedRight-arm mediumMadhya PradeshCODI & T20I34
Harleen Deol25Right-handedRight-arm leg breakHimachal PradeshCODI & T20I98
Devika Vaidya26Left-handedRight-arm leg breakMaharashtraCODI & T20I97
Amanjot Kaur24Right-handedRight-arm mediumPunjab-ODI & T20I30
Minnu Mani24Left-handedRight-arm off breakKerala-T20I71
Kanika Ahuja21Left-handedRight-arm off breakPunjab-T20I-
Wicket-keepers
Yastika Bhatia24Left-handed—BarodaCODI & T20I11
Richa Ghosh20Right-handed—BengalBT20I13
Uma Chetry21Right-handed—Assam-ODI & T20I-
Spin Bowlers
Rajeshwari Gayakwad32Right-handedLeft-arm orthodoxRailwaysBODI & T20I1
Sneh Rana29Right-handedRight-arm off breakRailwaysCODI & T20I2
Radha Yadav23Right-handedLeft-arm orthodoxBarodaCT20I21
Shreyanka Patil21Right-handedRight-arm off breakKarnataka-ODI & T20I31
Anusha Bareddy20Left-handedLeft-arm orthodoxAndhra-ODI & T20I3
Rashi Kanojiya25Right-handedLeft-arm orthodoxUttar Pradesh-ODI & T20I36
Pace Bowlers
Renuka Singh27Right-handedRight-arm medium-fastRailwaysBODI & T20I10
Meghna Singh29Right-handedRight-arm mediumRailwaysCODI & T20I16
Anjali Sarvani26Left-handedLeft-arm mediumRailwaysCODI & T20I28
Monica Patel24Left-handedLeft-arm mediumKarnataka-ODI & T20I-
Titas Sadhu19Right-handedRight-arm mediumBengal-T20I-

Players' salaries are as follows:

  • Grade A – ₹50 lakh (US$63,000) per annum
  • Grade B – ₹30 lakh (US$38,000) per annum
  • Grade C – ₹10 lakh (US$13,000) per annum
Match fees

Players also receive a match fee of ₹15 lakh (US$19,000) per Test match, ₹6 lakh (US$7,500) per ODI, and ₹3 lakh (US$3,800) per T20I. The BCCI adopted a pay equity policy in match fees for men's and women's teams on 27 October 2022.[45]

Coaching Staff

  • Head Coach – Amol Muzumdar
  • Fielding coach: Munish Bali
  • Bowling Coach: Troy Cooley
  • Nets Trainers – Tanveer Shukla, Sourav Tyagi, Utkarsh Singh, Akhil S Prasad
  • Physiotherapist – Mitra Amin
  • Fitness Trainer – Radha Krishnaswamy
  • Analyst – Devraj Raut

Tournament history

ICC Women's Cricket World Cup

World Cup record
YearRoundPositionPlayedWonLostTieNR
England 1973Did Not Compete
India 1978Group Stage4/430300
New Zealand 1982Group Stage4/5124800
Australia 1988Did Not Compete
England 1993Group Stage4/874300
India 1997Semi-finals4/1163111
New Zealand 2000Semi-finals3/885300
South Africa 2005Runners-up2/895202
Australia 2009Super 6s3/675200
India 2013Group Stage7/842200
England 2017Runners-up2/896300
New Zealand 2022Group Stage5/873400
India 2025
TOTAL0 titles10/1272373113

ICC Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier

World Cup Qualifier
Year Round Position GP W L T NR
South Africa 2017Champions1/1088000
TOTAL1 Title1/1088000

ICC Women's Championship

Women's Championship record
Year Round Position GP W L D T NR
2014-16Group Stage[lower-alpha 1]5/821911001
2017-20Group Stage[lower-alpha 2]4/821108003
TOTALAdvanced3/8421919004

ICC Women's Twenty20 World Cup

World Twenty20 record
YearPlayedWonLostTieNRPosition
2009 England42200Semi-finalists
2010 Cricket West Indies42200Semi-finalists
2012 Sri Lanka30300Group Stage[46]
2014 Bangladesh53200Group Stage
2016 India51400Group Stage
2018 United Arab Emirates54100Semi-finalists
2020 Australia64101Runners-up
2023 South Africa53200Semi-finalists
Total371917010 titles

ACC Women's Asia Cup

Asia Cup record
YearPlayedWonLostTieNRPosition
2004 Sri Lanka55000Champions
2005–06 Pakistan55000Champions
2006 India55000Champions
2008 Sri Lanka77000Champions
2012 China44000Champions
2016 Thailand66000Champions
2018 Malaysia64200Runners-up
2022 Bangladesh87100Champions
Total46433007 titles

Other tournaments

Commonwealth Games

Commonwealth Games record
Year Round Position GP W L T NR
England 2022Silver medal2/853200
Total0 Title1/153200

Asian Games

Asian Games record
Year Round Position GP W L T NR
China 2010Did Not Participate
South Korea 2014Did Not Participate
China 2022Gold medal1/932001
Total1 Title1/332001

Honours

ICC

ACC

Other

Individual records

Statistics

Test cricket

Test record versus other nations

Opponent Matches Won Lost Draw W/L ratio % Won % Lost % Draw First Last
 Australia 111460.259.0936.3654.5419772021
 England 1531113.0020.006.6673.3319862023
 New Zealand 60060.000.000.00100.0019772003
 South Africa 2200–100.000.000.0020022014
 West Indies 61141.0016.6616.6666.6619762014
Total 4076271.1617.5015.0067.5019762023
Statistics are correct as of  India v  Australia at Wankhade, 24 December 2023.[47][48]

One-Day Internationals

Opponent Matches Won Lost Tied No Result % Won First Last
 Australia 5210420019.2319782023
 Bangladesh 8611075.0020132023
 Denmark 11000100.0019931993
 England 7634400245.9419782022
 International XI 33000100.0019821982
 Ireland 1212000100.0019932017
 Netherlands 33000100.0019932000
 New Zealand 5420331037.9619782022
 Pakistan 1111000100.0020052022
 South Africa 2815120155.5519972022
 Sri Lanka 322920193.5420002022
 West Indies 262150080.7619932022
Total 3061651352453.9219782023
Statistics are correct as of  India v  Australia at Mumbai, 2nd ODI, 30 December 2023.[51][52]

Players in bold text are still active with India.

Twenty20 Internationals

Opponent Matches Won Lost Tied Tie+Win Tie+Loss No Result % Won First Last
 Australia 31623010121.6620082023
 Bangladesh 17143000082.3520132023
 Barbados 110000010020222022
 England 30822000026.6620062023
 Ireland 220000010020182023
 Malaysia 320000110020182023
 New Zealand 1349000030.7620092022
 Pakistan 14113000078.5720092023
 South Africa 1695000264.2820142023
 Sri Lanka 24194000182.620092023
 Thailand 330000010020182022
 United Arab Emirates 110000010020222022
 West Indies 21138000061.9020112023
Total 1769377010554.5420062023
Statistics are correct as of  India v  England at Navi Mumbai, 3rd T20I, 10 December 2023.[56][57]

See also

Explanatory note

References

  1. ↑ "ICC Rankings". International Cricket Council.
  2. ↑ "Women's Test matches - Team records". ESPNcricinfo.
  3. ↑ "Women's Test matches - 2024 Team records". ESPNcricinfo.
  4. ↑ "WODI matches - Team records". ESPNcricinfo.
  5. ↑ "WODI matches - 2024 Team records". ESPNcricinfo.
  6. ↑ "WT20I matches - Team records". ESPNcricinfo.
  7. ↑ "WT20I matches - 2024 Team records". ESPNcricinfo.
  8. ↑ "Women in Blue's journey through the T20 Women's World Cup". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  9. ↑ "The history of Indian women's cricket". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  10. ↑ "India Cricket API - Cricket Data for all Indian leagues". Sportmonks. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  11. ↑ Downing, Clement (1978). A History of the Indian Wars. p. 189. OCLC 5905776.
  12. ↑ Drew, John (6 December 2021). "The Christmas the Kolis took to cricket". The Daily Star. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  13. ↑ "Cricket and Politics in Colonial India". Ramachandra Guha. 1998. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
  14. ↑ "India in England, 1911". CricketArchive. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
  15. ↑ "England v India 1932". ESPNcricinfo. 30 July 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
  16. ↑ "List of women's Test matches". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
  17. ↑ Stoddart, Brian; Keith A. P. Sandiford (1998). The imperial game: cricket, culture, and society. Manchester University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7190-4978-1. OCLC 40430869.
  18. ↑ "India women Test matches". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
  19. ↑ "One more game, and it can change India's fortunes: Mithali Raj". Icc-cricket.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  20. ↑ "Full Scorecard of WI Women vs IND Women 4th Test 1976/77 - Score Report". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  21. ↑ "Better days for women's cricket?". Rediff. 14 November 2006. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
  22. ↑ "Ramesh Powar appointed head coach of Indian Women's Cricket Team". SportsTiger. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  23. ↑ "Ramesh Powar appointed Head Coach of Indian Women's Cricket Team". Hindustan Times. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  24. ↑ InsideSport. "Indian Women script history by winning 1st series on England soil in 23 years".
  25. ↑ "Nimbus Bags Cricket Rights for $612 m". The Hindu. India. Archived from the original on 10 January 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2007.
  26. 1 2 "Appointment of All-India Women's Selection Committee". The Board of Control for Cricket in India. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  27. ↑ "BYJU'S to be new Team India sponsor - News - BCCI.tv". www.bcci.tv. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  28. ↑ "OPPO wins Indian team sponsorship rights till 2022". EspnCricinfo. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  29. ↑ "Star wins Indian team sponsorship rights". EspnCricinfo. 9 December 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  30. ↑ "Nike wins Indian cricket team endorsement rights, 199 crore brand sponsorship deal with India cricket team and BCCI". Digi-help.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  31. ↑ "Nike to remain sponsor of Team India kit - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  32. ↑ "Players, BCCI unhappy with kit sponsor Nike". The Indian Express. 22 August 2017. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  33. ↑ "BCCI to float fresh tender for apparel sponsorship after Nike decides against renewing its contract". The Financial Express. 19 July 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  34. ↑ "MPL Sports Apparel and Accessories becomes new kit sponsor of Indian cricket team". The Financial Express. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  35. ↑ "BCCI announces MPL Sports as Official kit sponsor for Team India". The Board of Control for Cricket in India. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  36. ↑ "BCCI announces MPL Sports as India's new kit sponsor". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  37. ↑ "Dream11, LafargeHolcim and Hyundai awarded Official partners' rights for BCCI International and Domestic seasons 2019-23". The Board of Control for Cricket in India. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  38. ↑ "Paytm strikes title sponsorship deal with BCCI till 2019 for Rs 203.28 crore - Firstpost". www.firstpost.com. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  39. ↑ Sportstar, Team. "BCCI awards title sponsorship rights to Paytm for five more years". Sportstar. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  40. ↑ "Star India not renewing jersey sponsorship for Indian cricket team". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  41. ↑ "Airtel not to renew BCCI home series sponsorship". Firstpost. 18 September 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  42. ↑ "ICC Women's FTP 2022-25" (PDF).
  43. ↑ "Team India (Senior Women) to host England and Australia in action-packed home season". www.bcci.tv. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  44. ↑ "BCCI confirm three Grade-A players in India Women's central contract list". ICC. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  45. ↑ "India women cricketers to earn same match fee as male counterparts, BCCI secretary Jay Shah confirms". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  46. ↑ "ICC Women's World Twenty20, 2012/13". ESPNcricinfo. 10 April 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  47. ↑ "India Women / Records / Women's Test matches / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  48. ↑ "Records / Women's Test matches / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  49. ↑ "India Women / Records / Women's Test matches / Most runs". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  50. ↑ "India Women / Records / Women's Test matches / Most wickets". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  51. ↑ "India Women / Records / Women's One-Day Internationals / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  52. ↑ "Records / Women's One-Day Internationals / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  53. ↑ "India Women / Records / Women's One-Day Internationals / Most runs". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  54. ↑ "India Women / Records / Women's One-Day Internationals / Most wickets". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  55. 1 2 "Deepti Sharma profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  56. ↑ "India Women / Records / Women's Twenty20 Internationals / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  57. ↑ "Records / Women's Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  58. ↑ "India Women Cricket Team Records & Stats". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  59. ↑ "India Women Cricket Team Records & Stats". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 23 February 2023.

Bibliography

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