ISO 9 is an international standard establishing a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of many Slavic and non-Slavic languages.[1]

Published on February 23, 1995 by the International Organization for Standardization,[2] the major advantage ISO 9 has over other competing systems is its univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics), which faithfully represents the original spelling and allows for reverse transliteration, even if the language is unknown.

Earlier versions of the standard, ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1986, were more closely based on the international scholarly system for linguistics (scientific transliteration), but have diverged in favour of unambiguous transliteration over phonemic representation. The edition of 1995 supersedes the edition of 1986.[1]

ISO 9:1995

The standard features three mapping tables: the first covers contemporary Slavic languages, the second older Slavic orthographies (excluding letters from the first), and the third non-Slavic languages (including most letters from the first). Several Cyrillic characters included in ISO 9 are not available as pre-composed characters in Unicode, nor are some of the transliterations; combining diacritical marks have to be used in these cases. Unicode, on the other hand, includes some historic characters that are not dealt with in ISO 9.

Transliteration table

The following combined table shows characters for various Slavic, Iranian, Romance, Turkic, Uralic, Mongolic, Caucasian, Tungusic, Paleosiberian and other languages of the former USSR which are written in Cyrillic.

ISO 9:1995
Cyrillic Latin
Char Char Unicode Description
Аа Aa
Ӓӓ Ää 00C400E4 a diaeresis
Ӓ̄ӓ̄ Ạ̈ạ̈ 00C4+032300E4+0323 a diaeresis and dot below
Ӑӑ Ăă 01020103 a breve
А̄а̄ Āā 01000101 a macron
Ӕӕ Ææ 00C600E6 ae ligature
А́а́ Áá 00C100E1 a acute
А̊а̊ Åå 00C500E5 a ring
Бб Bb
Вв Vv
Гг Gg
Ґ ґ G̀ g̀ 0047+03000067+0300 g grave
Ѓѓ Ǵǵ 01F401F5 g acute
Ғғ Ġġ 01200121 g dot
Ҕҕ Ğğ 011E011F g breve
Һһ Ḥḥ 1E241E25 h dot
Дд Dd
Ђђ Đđ 01100111 d stroke
Ее Ee
Ӗӗ Ĕĕ 01140115 e breve
Ёё Ëë 00CB00EB e diaeresis
Єє Êê 00CA00EA e circumflex
Жж Žž 017D017E z caron
Җҗ Ž̦ž̦ 017D+0326017E+0326 z caron and comma below[3]
Ž̧ž̧ 017D+0327017E+0327 z caron and cedilla[3]
Ӝӝ Z̄z̄ Z+0304z+0304 z macron
Ӂӂ Z̆z̆ Z+0306z+0306 z breve
Зз Zz
Ӟӟ Z̈z̈ Z+0308z+0308 z diaeresis
Ӡӡ Źź 0179017A z acute
Ѕѕ Ẑẑ 1E901E91 z circumflex
Ии Ii
Ӣӣ Īī 012A012B i macron
И́и́ Íí 00CD00ED i acute
Ӥӥ Îî 00CE00EE i circumflex
Йй Jj
Іі Ìì 00CC00EC i grave
Її Ïï 00CF00EF i diaeresis
І̄і̄ Ǐǐ 01CF (012C)01D0 (012D) i caron (or breve)
Јј J̌ǰ J+030C01F0 j caron
Ј̵ј̵ J́j́ J+0301j+0301 j acute
Кк Kk
Ќќ Ḱḱ 1E301E31 k acute
Ӄӄ Ḳḳ 1E321E33 k dot below
Ҝҝ K̂k̂ K+0302k+0302 k circumflex
Ҡҡ Ǩǩ 01E801E9 k caron
Ҟҟ K̄k̄ K+0304k+0304 k macron
Ққ K̦k̦ K+0326k+0326 k comma below[3]
Ķķ 01360137 k cedilla[3]
К̨к̨ K̀k̀ K+0300k+0300 k grave
Ԛԛ Qq
Лл Ll
Љљ L̂l̂ L+0302l+0302 l circumflex
Ԡԡ L̦l̦ L+0326l+0326 l comma below[3]
Ļļ 013B013C l cedilla[3]
Мм Mm
Нн Nn
Њњ N̂n̂ N+0302n+0302 n circumflex
Ңң N̦n̦ N+0326n+0326 n comma below[3]
Ņņ 01450146 n cedilla[3]
Ӊӊ Ṇṇ 1E461E47 n dot below
Ҥҥ Ṅṅ 1E441E45 n dot
Ԋԋ Ǹǹ 01F801F9 n grave
Ԣԣ Ńń 01430144 n acute
Ӈӈ Ňň 01470148 n caron
Н̄н̄ N̄n̄ N+0304n+0304 n macron
Оо Oo
Ӧӧ Öö 00D600F6 o diaeresis
Өө Ôô 00D400F4 o circumflex
Ӫӫ Őő 01500151 o double acute
Ӧ̄о̄̈ Ọ̈ọ̈ 00D6+032300F6+0323 o diaeresis and dot below
Ҩҩ Òò 00D200F2 o grave
О́о́ Óó 00D300F3 o acute
О̄о̄ Ōō 014C014D o macron
Œœ Œœ 01520153 oe ligature
Пп Pp
Ҧҧ Ṕṕ 1E541E55 p acute
Ԥԥ P̀p̀ P+0300p+0300 p grave
Рр Rr
Сс Ss
Ҫҫ Șș 02180219 s comma below[3]
Şş 015E015F s cedilla[3]
С̀с̀ S̀s̀ S+0300s+0300 s grave
Тт Tt
Ћћ Ćć 01060107 c acute
Ԏԏ T̀t̀ T+0300t+0300 t grave
Т̌т̌ Ťť 01640165 t caron
Ҭҭ Țț 021A021B t comma below[3]
Ţţ 01620163 t cedilla[3]
Уу Uu
Ӱӱ Üü 00DC00FC u diaeresis
Ӯӯ Ūū 016A016B u macron
Ўў Ŭŭ 016C016D u breve
Ӳӳ Űű 01700171 u double acute
У́у́ Úú 00DA00FA u acute
Ӱ̄ӱ̄ Ụ̈ụ̈ 00DC+032300FC+0323 u diaeresis and dot below
Ụ̄ụ̄ 016A+0323016B+0323 u macron and dot below
Үү Ùù 00D900F9 u grave
Ұұ U̇u̇ U+0307u+0307 u dot
Ԝԝ Ww
Фф Ff
Хх Hh
Ҳҳ H̦h̦ H+0326h+0326 h comma below[3]
Ḩḩ 1E281E29 h cedilla[3]
Цц Cc
Ҵҵ C̄c̄ C+0304c+0304 c macron
Џџ D̂d̂ D+0302d+0302 d circumflex
Чч Čč 010C010D c caron
Ҷҷ C̦c̦ C+0326c+0326 c comma below[3]
Çç 00C700E7 c cedilla[3]
Ӌӌ C̣c̣ C+0323c+0323 c dot below
Ӵӵ C̈c̈ C+0308c+0308 c diaeresis
Ҹҹ Ĉĉ 01080109 c circumflex
Ч̀ч̀ C̀c̀ C+0300c+0300 c grave
Ҽҽ C̆c̆ C+0306c+0306 c breve
Ҿҿ C̨̆c̨̆ C+0328+0306c+0328+0306 c ogonek[3] and breve
Шш Šš 01600161 s caron
Щщ Ŝŝ 015C015D s circumflex
Ъъ ʺ 02BA modifier letter double prime[4]
Ыы Yy
Ӹӹ Ÿÿ 017800FF y diaeresis
Ы̄ы̄ Ȳȳ 02320233 y macron
Ьь ʹ 02B9 modifier letter prime[4]
Ээ Èè 00C800E8 e grave
Әә A̋a̋ A+030Ba+030B a double acute
Ӛӛ Àà 00C000E0 a grave
Юю Ûû 00DB00FB u circumflex
Ю̄ю̄ Û̄û̄ 00DB+030400FB+0304 u circumflex and macron
Яя Ââ 00C200E2 a circumflex
Ѣѣ Ěě 011A011B e caron
Ѫѫ Ǎǎ 01CD01CE a caron
Ѳѳ F̀f̀ F+0300f+0300 f grave
Ѵѵ Ỳỳ 1EF21EF3 y grave
Ӏ ‡ 2021 double dagger
ʼ ʼ 02BC modifier apostrophe
ˮ ˮ 02EE modifier double apostrophe

National adoptions

DateRegionNameDescriptive name
1995-06-01FranceNF ISO 9:1995-06-01 [5]Information et documentation - Translittération des caractères cyrilliques en caractères latins - Langues slaves et non slaves.
1995-09-29SwedenSS-ISO 9 [6]Translitterering av kyrilliska bokstäver till latinska - Slaviska och icke-slaviska språk
1997RomaniaSR ISO 9:1997 [7]Informare şi documentare. Transliterarea caracterelor chirilice în caractere latine. Limbi slave şi neslave
1997-12-11CroatiaHRN ISO 9:1997 [8]Informacije i dokumentacija—Transliteracija ćiriličnih u latinične znakove za slavenske i neslavenske jezike (ISO 9:1995)
2000PolandPN-ISO 9:2000 [9]Informacja i dokumentacja. Transliteracja znaków cyrylickich na znaki łacińskie — Języki słowiańskie i niesłowiańskie
2002LithuaniaLST ISO 9:2002Informacija ir dokumentai. Kirilicos rašmenų transliteravimas lotyniškais rašmenimis. Slavų ir ne slavų kalbos
2002-07-01RussiaGOST 7.79-2000 System AСистема стандартов по информации, библиотечному и издательскому делу. Правила транслитерации кирилловского письма латинским алфавитом
2002-10CzechiaČSN ISO 9 (010185)[10]Informace a dokumentace - Transliterace cyrilice do latinky - slovanské a neslovanské jazyky
2005-03-01ItalyUNI ISO 9:2005[11]Informazione e documentazione - Traslitterazione dei caratteri cirillici in caratteri latini - Linguaggi slavi e non slavi
2005-11-01SloveniaSIST ISO 9:2005[12]Informatika in dokumentacija – Transliteracija ciriličnih znakov v latinične znake – Slovanski in neslovanski jeziki
2011EstoniaEVS-ISO 9:2011[13]Informatsioon ja dokumentatsioon. Kirillitsa translitereerimine ladina keelde. Slaavi ja mitte-slaavi keeled
2013GCC: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab EmiratesGSO ISO 9:2013 [14] التوثيق والمعلومات - الحروف السير يليه بترجمة إلى اللغة اللاتينية - السلافيه وغير اللغات السلافيه

Sample text

The following text is a fragment of the Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Bulgarian:[15]

Като взе предвид, че признаването на достойнството, присъщо на всички членове на човешкия род,
на техните равни и неотменими права представлява основа на свободата, справедливостта и мира в света,		 Kato vze predvid, če priznavaneto na dostojnstvoto, prisʺŝo na vsički členove na čoveškiâ rod,
na tehnite ravni i neotmenimi prava predstavlâva osnova na svobodata, spravedlivostta i mira v sveta,

ISO/R 9

ISO Recommendation No. 9, published 1954 and revised 1968, is an older version of the standard, with different transliteration for different Slavic languages, reflecting their phonemic differences. It is closer to the original international system of Slavist scientific transliteration.

A German adaptation of this standard was published by the Deutsches Institut für Normung as DIN 1460 (1982) for Slavic languages and supplemented by DIN 1460-2 (2010) for non-Slavic languages.

The languages covered are Bulgarian, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian. For comparison, ISO 9:1995 is shown in the table below.

Alternative schemes: ISO/R 9:1968 permits some deviations from the main standard. In the table below, they are listed in the columns alternative 1 and alternative 2.

  1. The first sub-standard defines some language-dependent transliterations for Belarusian (BE), Bulgarian (BG), Russian (RU), and Ukrainian (UK).
  2. The second sub-standard permits, in countries where tradition favours it, a set of alternative transliterations, but only as a group. It is identical to the British Standard 2979:1958 for Cyrillic romanization.[16]
ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1995
Cyrillic R 1954 R 1968 1995 RUBEUKBGSHMK
basic alt. 1 alt. 2
А а A a A a A a Yes
Б б B b B b B b Yes
В в V v V v V v Yes
Г г G g G gH h (BE, UK) G g YesRegionalYes
Ґ ґ Ġ ġ G g G̀ g̀ NoYesNo
Д д D d D d D d Yes
Ѓ ѓ Ǵ ǵ Ǵ ǵ Ǵ ǵ NoYes
Ђ ђ Đ đ Đ đ Đ đ NoYesNo
Е е E e E e E e Yes
Ё ё Ë ë Ë ë Ë ë YesNo
Є є Je je Je je Ê ê NoYesNo
Ж ж Ž ž Ž ž Zh zh Ž ž Yes
З з Z z Z z Z z Yes
Ѕ ѕ Dz dz Dz dz Ẑ ẑ NoYes
И и I i, Y y I iY y (UK) I i YesNoRegionalYes
I і I i Ī īI i (BE, UK) Ì ì ArchaicYesNo
Ї ї Ji ji Ï ï Ï ï NoYesNo
Й й J j J j Ĭ ĭ J j YesNo
Ј ј J j J j Ĵ ĵ Y y J̌ ǰ NoYes
К к K k K k K k Yes
Л л L l L l L l Yes
Љ љ Lj lj Lj lj Ĺ ĺ L̂ l̂ NoYes
М м M m M m M m Yes
Н н N n N n N n Yes
Њ њ Nj nj Nj nj Ń ń N̂ n̂ NoYes
О о O o O o O o Yes
П п P p P p P p Yes
Р р R r R r R r Yes
С с S s S s S s Yes
Т т T t T t T t Yes
Ќ ќ Ḱ ḱ Ḱ ḱ Ḱ ḱ NoYes
Ћ ћ Ć ć Ć ć Ć ć NoYesNo
У у U u U u U u Yes
Ў ў Ŭ ŭ Ŭ ŭ Ŭ ŭ NoYesNo
Ф ф F f F f F f Yes
Х х H h H, hCh ch (BE, RU, UK) Kh kh H h RegionalYes
Ц ц C c C c Ts ts C c Yes
Ч ч Č č Č č Ch ch Č č Yes
Џ џ Dž dž Dž dž Dj dj Dĵ dĵ D̂ d̂ NoYes
Ш ш Š š Š š Sh sh Š š Yes
Щ щ Šč šč, Št št Šč ščŠt št (BG) Shch shch Ŝ ŝ YesNoYesRegionalNo
Ъ ъ[17][18] Ă ă, " ʺĂ ă (BG) ʺ YesArchaicRegionalNo
Ы ы Y y Y y Y y YesNo
Ь ь ʹ ʹ ʹ YesNo
Ѣ ѣ Ě ě Ě ě Ě ě ArchaicNo
Э э E̊ e̊ E̊ e̊ È è YesNo
Ю ю Ju ju Ju ju Yu yu Û û YesNo
Я я Ja ja Ja ja Ya ya  â YesNo
’ ", ’ ″ ’ ArchaicYesNoRegional
Ѫ ѫ[17] Ȧ ȧ ʺ̣Ȧ ȧ (BG) Ǎ ǎ NoArchaicNo
Ѳ ѳ Ḟ ḟ Ḟ ḟ F̀ f̀ ArchaicNo
Ѵ ѵ Ẏ ẏ Ẏ ẏ Ỳ ỳ ArchaicNo

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 "ISO 9:1995: Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters -- Slavic and non-Slavic languages". International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  2. ↑ "ISO 9:1995". www.standard.no.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 The "informative" Annex A of ISO 9:1995 uses ISO 5426 0x52 hook to left which can be mapped to Unicode's comma below U+0326 (while the ISO 5426 also has 0x50 cedilla which can be mapped to Unicode's cedilla U+0327), it also uses ISO 5426 0x53 hook to right which can be mapped to Unicode's ogonek U+0328. See for example Evertype.com's ISO 5426 Archived 2020-10-21 at the Wayback Machine mapping to Unicode or Joan M. Aliprand's Finalized Mapping between Characters of ISO 5426 and ISO/IEC 10646-1 Archived 2020-08-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. 1 2 Evertype.com: ISO 5426 mapping to Unicode Archived 2020-10-21 at the Wayback Machine; Joan M. Aliprand: Finalized Mapping between Characters of ISO 5426 and ISO/IEC 10646-1 Archived 2020-08-02 at the Wayback Machine; The Unicode Standard: Spacing Modifier Letters Archived 2019-06-13 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ "DIN - German Institute for Standardization". Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  6. ↑ "Standard - Information and documentation - Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters - Slavic and non-Slavic languages SS-ISO 9 - Swedish Institute for Standards, SIS".
  7. ↑ "Magazin ASRO". magazin.asro.ro. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019.
  8. ↑ "HRVATSKI NORMATIVNI DOKUMENT". Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  9. ↑ "Sklep PKN". sklep.pkn.pl.
  10. ↑ "ČSN ISO 9 (010185)". www.technicke-normy-csn.cz.
  11. ↑ "Uni Iso 9:2005".
  12. ↑ "Spletna trgovina SIST - SIST ISO 9:2005".
  13. ↑ "EVS-ISO 9:2011". EVS.
  14. ↑ "GSO ISO 9:2013 - متجر المواصفات - Ministry of Industry, Commerce & Tourism - Kingdom of Bahrain". Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  15. ↑ "OHCHR | Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Bulgarian (Balgarski)". OHCHR.
  16. ↑ Hans H. Wellisch (1978), The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization, New York City: Wiley, p. 262, Wikidata Q104231343
  17. 1 2 In Bulgarian, ъ and ѫ are not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1945 orthography).
  18. ↑ In Russian and Belarusian, ъ is not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1918 orthography).
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