Hlučín
Town
Mírové Square
Mírové Square
Flag of Hlučín
Flag
Coat of arms of Hlučín
Coat of arms
Hlučín is located in Czech Republic
Hlučín
Hlučín
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°53′48″N 18°11′35″E / 49.89667°N 18.19306°E / 49.89667; 18.19306
Country Czech Republic
RegionMoravian-Silesian
DistrictOpava
First mentioned1303
Government
 • MayorPetra Tesková
Area
 • Total21.14 km2 (8.16 sq mi)
Elevation
241 m (791 ft)
Population
 (2023-01-01)[1]
 • Total13,506
 • Density640/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
748 01
Websitewww.hlucin.cz

Hlučín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦlutʃiːn]; German: Hultschin; Polish: Hulczyn) is a town in Opava District the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. It was the centre of the historic Hlučín Region. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Administrative parts

The villages of Bobrovníky and Darkovičky are administrative parts of Hlučín.

Geography

General view

Hlučín is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Ostrava and 20 km (12 mi) east of Opava. The northern part of the municipal territory lies in the Opava Hilly Land within the Silesian Lowlands. The southern part extends into the eastern tip of the Nízký Jeseník range.

Hlučínské Lake is an artificial lake on the outskirts of the town. The Opava River forms the southeastern municipal border.

History

Fragment of town fortifications

The first written mention of Hlučín is from 1303, when it was part of the Duchy of Opava. The town was probably founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1256 to ensure peace on the border between Margraviate of Moravia and Duchy of Opole.[2]

Until 1521, Hlučín belonged to the Landek estate within the Duchy of Opava. In 1521, it was acquired by the Piast Dukes of Opole. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the town burned down several times. In 1694 it was liberated of its serfdom. In 1742, after the First Silesian War, the town was given to the Kingdom of Prussia by the Treaty of Berlin. In 1845, the Hlučín estate was bought by the Rothschild family.[3] Four annual fairs were held in the town in the late 19th century.[4]

The town was administered by the Prussian Province of Silesia until 1920, when it became part of Czechoslovakia after World War I. The transferral of the Hlučín Region sparked controversy between Germans, Czechs and Poles. By a biased interpretation of the law, the new Czechoslovak authorities banned schooling in German even though that was the language spoken by the majority in the town.[5]

After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Hlučín was annexed by Nazi Germany and was again made part of the Province of Silesia, and its Germanized name Hultschin was restored. During World War II, the Germans sent prisoners from the military prison in Kłodzko to forced labour in the town.[6] Hlučín was restored to Czechoslovakia in 1945. People identified as German-speaking at the census in 1930 were expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, some Germans left voluntarily. People who were labeled Czechs, even though they were actually Czech-speaking Germans, were spared expulsion.[5]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18694,711—    
18805,034+6.9%
18905,298+5.2%
19005,652+6.7%
19105,729+1.4%
YearPop.±%
19216,218+8.5%
19306,685+7.5%
19507,191+7.6%
196110,446+45.3%
197013,786+32.0%
YearPop.±%
198014,526+5.4%
199114,390−0.9%
200114,346−0.3%
201113,917−3.0%
202113,634−2.0%
Source: Censuses[7][8]

Transport

The I/56 road from Ostrava to Opava passes through the town.

Hlučín is the terminus of a railway line of regional importance heading from Opava.[9]

Sights

Hlučín Castle

The historic town centre is formed by the Mírové Square and its surroundings. The centre was delimited by town fortifications, built in 1534–1535. Most of the town walls were demolished by 1829. Several fragments and seven bastions have been preserved to this day.[10]

Hlučín Castle was built in the late Gothic style in 1526.[10] It is a two-storey building with an irregular floor plan, and includes a small castle park. Today it houses the Hlučín Region Museum.[11]

The second landmark is the parish Church of Saint John the Baptist.[11] It was first mentioned in 1378 and was rebuilt several times in Renaissance, Baroque and pseudo-Gothic styles. The bell tower, 46.7 m (153 ft) high, was built in 1791.[12]

In Darkovičky is the Hlučín-Darkovičky Czechoslovak Fortification Complex. It is an exhibition of a unique military technology from the 1930s.[13]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Hlučín is twinned with:[14]

References

  1. ↑ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2023". Czech Statistical Office. 2023-05-23.
  2. ↑ "Založení města Hlučína" (in Czech). Město Hlučín. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  3. ↑ "Historie města Hlučína" (in Czech). Město Hlučín. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  4. ↑ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III (in Polish). Warsaw. 1882. p. 207.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. 1 2 "100 Jahre Hultschiner Ländchen – ein Blick zurück" (in German). Landes Echo. 2020-02-04. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  6. ↑ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 670. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  7. ↑ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Opava" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 3–4.
  8. ↑ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  9. ↑ "Detail stanice Hlučín" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
  10. 1 2 "Hlučínské hradby" (in Czech). Město Hlučín. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  11. 1 2 "Historie Města Hlučína, význačné objekty" (in Czech). Město Hlučín. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  12. ↑ "Kostel sv. Jana Křtitele v Hlučíně" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  13. ↑ "The Hlučín-Darkovičky CS Fortification Complex". Silesian Museum in Opava. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  14. ↑ "Setkání s partnerskými městy" (in Czech). Město Hlučín. 2019-07-13. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
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