High School of Montreal
Address
3449 University Street

Montreal, Quebec

Canada
Coordinates45°30′22″N 73°34′29″W / 45.50615°N 73.57484°W / 45.50615; -73.57484
Information
TypeHigh school
MottoLatin: Corpori, Menti, Moribus[1]
(Body, mind, and behavior)
EstablishedNovember 1843
ClosedJune 1979
GenderBoys and girls
Age5 to 18
PublicationThe High School Magazine
Former pupilsHigh School of Montreal alumni

The High School of Montreal was an English-language high school founded in 1843, serving Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in the area eventually known as the Golden Square Mile. It was less formally known as Montreal High School and from 1853 to 1870 was called the High School of McGill College, or the High School Division.

Founded as a school for boys only, girls were first admitted in 1875, although to a separate division called the High School for Girls, and a new building shared by both was opened in 1878. In its last century, the school took children from the first to the twelfth grades. In 1915, after occupying several different sites, the school moved into a new neoclassical building on University Street, near the campus of McGill University. Girls and boys were taught in separate wings of the building and were also apart for school sports, but came together for some activities. The two divisions were united into a single school in 1965.

The school closed in June 1979, largely as the result of a decline in the English-speaking population.[2] Soon after, the mostly French-speaking F.A.C.E. School moved into its empty premises.[3]

Origins

The leader of the school's founders, James Ferrier

The school was founded in 1843 by a group of Montreal professionals and merchants who saw the need for a Protestant secondary school which respected 19th-century ideas of education. It was modelled on the Royal High School, Edinburgh.[4] Several of the founders, led by James Ferrier, with William Lunn, William Collis Meredith, David Torrance, and the Rev. Henry Esson,[5] were of Presbyterian Scottish origins, and one of their purposes in establishing the school was to provide a solution to the growing influence of Anglicanism in education at the time. In short, they saw a need for a means of access to McGill College not controlled by supporters of the Church of England.[6]

In August 1843, The Gentleman's Magazine reported, under 'Civil Preferments', "Rev. G. F. Simpson to be Rector of the Public College of Canada, about to be established at Montreal", suggesting that the name of the school still remained to be decided.[7]

The school was first organized as a private institution, under a board of directors.[8]

History

The school's first Principal, the Rev. George Foster Simpson, M.A., was a young Englishman, a graduate and former scholar of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, born in 1811.[9] He opened the school in November 1843[10] at Bingham House, which had been leased by the directors of the school, and within a few months 167 boys had been enrolled. The end-of-year ceremony in the summer of 1844, presided over by Peter McGill, with Lord Metcalfe to present the prizes, was held in the large hall that had been the ballroom of Bingham House.[11] The boys at the school in its early days included Thomas White,[12] George Holt Henshaw,[13] George Washington Stephens,[14] Andrew Gault, later called the Cotton King of Canada,[15] and Charles Hamilton, first Archbishop of Ottawa.[16]

In 1846 the school moved into a new purpose-built building on La Gauchetière Street. The same year, on the death of the elderly Alexander Skakel, Master of the Royal Grammar School of Montreal, for many years the city's leading secondary school (founded in 1801 by the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning or RIAL), the high school's board petitioned successfully for Skakel's salary to be transferred to it, and thus absorbed the Royal Grammar School[17](and so the Principal of the new school was titled "Rector and Master of the Royal Grammar School" for over a century). Newton Bosworth, describing the school in a guide to Montreal of 1846, reported that it had accommodation for between three and four hundred pupils, that the Rector had several able assistants, and that the fees were £10 a year "in the higher branches" and £6 a year in "the preparatory branches".[18] On 28 July 1847 a Provincial Statute was enacted which allocated the revenues from the Estates of the Late Order of Jesuits to educational institutions around Quebec, and the first item listed in the schedule was "For the Salary and Allowance for House Rent, heretofore paid to the Master of the Grammar School at Montreal, to be allowed to the Directors of the High School at Montreal, in consideration of their educating twenty free scholars of the poorer classes ... £282-4s-6d".[19] Shortly afterwards the directors received £98-3s-6d as the balance of the grant for the year 1846, and also £141-2s-3d for the six months ended 30 June 1847.[20]

Grade 12 boys in class, 1945

In 1850, Foster resigned as Rector and returned to England, where he became headmaster of Lincoln Grammar School, but died suddenly in 1857.[9] In 1853 control of the school was given to McGill College, and it was renamed as the High School of McGill College (governed by the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning).[17] A McGill prospectus for 1863 states that "The High School Department offers a thorough English education, with the French and German languages, and the Classical and Mathematical training necessary for entering the College course."[21]

In 1864, during the American Civil War, on hearing of the St Albans Raid from Montreal into the US by Confederate soldiers, the school organized a company called the Montreal High School Cadet Rifles. This continued to operate for some twenty years and was disappointed not to be mobilized at the time of the Fenian raids between 1866 and 1871.[22][23]

In September 1870, control of the school was transferred again, this time to the Protestant Board of School Commissioners. Soon after that, J. W. Dawson, principal of McGill, began to press the Protestant Board to create a high school for girls, and in 1875 this came into being as a separate division, with its own "lady principal" and four other teachers, all trained at the McGill Normal School.[24] This was made possible by a local school tax and was the spur for the planning of a new building, opened in 1878.[25] To begin with, the girls' classes had been taught in private houses.[26] The separate girls' school continued to exist in shared buildings until 1965, when for the first time the divisions for boys and girls were united under one principal.[17][27] The boys' High School provided elementary as well as secondary education, with a junior division called the Preparatory High School. The girls' school did not at first include elementary classes, which came a few years later in the new building,[28] and in 1878 the school population was 241 boys and 226 girls.[25]

Juniors at lunch in 1943, pictured by Conrad Poirier

There was a bitter dispute in the 1880s when the Protestant School Board decided to stop the teaching of Latin in the first two forms and to limit Greek, Algebra, and Geometry to the final two forms. This was opposed by the elderly Rector, Dr Henry Aspinwall Howe, but supported by some parents and staff. On 28 November 1890 the dispute between those who believed in a classical education, including Latin and Greek, and those supporting a greater focus on sciences, culminated in the burning down of the school's building on Peel Street.[29][30] No cause was ever identified for the fire.[29] Dr Howe, a fierce opponent of a move away from classical languages, quickly tendered his resignation, to take effect from the end of the school year. The successful applicant to replace him, Elson I. Rexford, was English Secretary of the Department of Public Instruction. A new school building was built on the site of the lost one and opened in the fall of 1892.[31]

The school has been described as "the secondary school for the city's Protestant elite",[32] but as reported by Margaret W. Westley, "By 1906, the Protestant Board of School Commissioners was operating fifteen publicly financed elementary schools and three secondary schools, some of which were located conveniently close to residents of the Square Mile. Most renowned was the High School of Montreal. One of the comments made most frequently by graduates about the High School of Montreal is that there one met and knew people from all walks of life and all backgrounds, something not true of the private schools."[28]

However, in 1906, the Rector and Master, Wellington Dixon, who had succeeded Rexford in 1903, reported "The High School is not free. It is supported by fees paid by the pupils, a Government grant of $2,000, and by grants from the rate. In return for the Government grant of $2,000, thirty free tuitions are ordered by the Lieutenant-Governor, not on the results of examinations, but on certain conditions of good conduct, etc... The High School (Protestant) does not confine itself to advanced pupils. As before said, the Elementary Schools are free, but the High School takes young children in the Kindergarten and Elementary Departments if the parents are willing to pay the fees. The High School, except in the case of the scholarships already mentioned, is a school for the children of parents who are willing to pay fees. Out of the 1,200 pupils in attendance, 550 are in the High School proper, and 650 in the Kindergarten and Elementary Departments, all of the latter paying fees.[33]

In 1906, the school had three separate courses of instruction for pupils, the first two being Classical and Scientific, which ran in parallel, and the other Commercial.[33] The aim of the Classical and Scientific course was to prepare children for higher education and the professions. Believing in the principle of mens sana in corpore sano, the school aimed to develop both body and mind, and at its site in University Street had its own swimming pool, two gymnasiums, a shooting gallery, and games rooms, as well as a library, auditorium, and planetarium.[34]

During the First World War, 1,150 former pupils and staff of the High School went to fight in Europe, and 141 of them were killed. Their names are still recorded on a board in the foyer of the school building at 3449 University Street.[35] One former schoolboy, Dr F. A. C. Scrimger, was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1915 for outstanding bravery under enemy fire.[36]

Having shared buildings since the 1870s, the High School for Girls and the High School of Montreal at last became a single school in 1965.[37] Nevertheless, in an autobiography Victor Malarek reports that in the mid-sixties the school remained segregated by sex.[38]

In the late 1970s, with the school under the control of the Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal, the decision was taken to close it with effect from June 1979, largely the result of a decline in the English-speaking population in the area.[2] Subsequently, the mostly French-speaking F.A.C.E. School (Fine Arts Core Education) moved into its empty premises. Like the former High School, FACE is both a primary and secondary school.[3]

Buildings

Bingham House, while being used as Donegana's Hotel after the high school's time there

The school's first home was Bingham House, a former vice-regal residence at the corner of Notre Dame and St Denis Streets.[10] In 1845 a new school building was begun in La Gauchetière Street, with an entrance on Belmont Street, later to become the McGill Normal School, with its cornerstone being laid by Lord Metcalfe, the Governor General, and in 1846 the High School moved into it.[39] The new school building, designed by John Ostell, was described as "in the Domestic approaching to Tudor style of architecture" and was sixty yards by nineteen, not counting a portico which projected thirteen feet, with a Lecture and Examination Hall nineteen yards square.[18] Shortly afterwards, the Royal Grammar School joined the High School of Montreal there, following the death of its Master.[17]

In 1863, the school moved again, to a new building later known as the Fraser Library and Institute, and in 1870 it acquired and occupied the Burnside Hall, which had been built in the 1850s to serve as the arts building of McGill College. In 1878, to bring the boys' and girls' schools together under the same roof, came a new building on Metcalfe Street, but the Burnside Hall was not sold until 1883.[39][8] The new Metcalfe Street building also fronted onto Peel Street.[40]

The school building in Peel Street on fire, 1890

In 1890, the school's building on Peel and Metcalfe Streets burned down,[41] probably a case of arson, but the cause was never determined. A new school on the same site was opened in 1892.[29] In the meantime, classes were divided between schools in Metcalfe Street and Berthelet Street and the Fraser Institute. The new building on Peel Street had thirty-two classrooms, those in the south wing for girls and in the north wing for boys. The corridors both led to an administrative heart at the centre, with gates topped by iron spikes to separate girls and boys.[42] The site at 1455 Peel Street was later occupied by the Mount Royal Hotel,[43] which in the 1980s was converted into the present-day Les Cours Mont-Royal.[44]

The University Street building, begun 1914

In 1911, with the school continuing to expand, a site for a new building was acquired, and in 1914 construction began of the school's final home, at 3449 University Street. The school was able to move in during September 1915.[26] Built in a neoclassical Beaux-Arts architectural style, used for many public buildings at the time, but unusual for schools in Montreal, the new school was designed by William Sutherland Maxwell and his brother Edward Maxwell, leading Canadian architects who were also responsible for the nearby Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. Both were former pupils of the school. Finally completed in 1924, the building is shaped like the letter H and was originally planned to provide wings for boys and girls joined by a smaller central block, where shared activities were to take place. The many flourishes include four caryatids high above the main entrance and other decorative features, while the design of the staircases is believed to be unique, with separate double flights, one for up and one for down, which do not intersect. The auditorium was wood-panelled. The new building provided over sixty classrooms, on five floors, taking children all the way from first to twelfth grade.[45][10]

Construction of the planetarium in 1945

The school was the first in Montreal to have its own swimming pool, completed in 1924 in the basement of the new University Street building.[46] There was also a shooting gallery, where sixteen people could shoot at targets 25 yards away, but at first it was used only by the boys, as was a room for sloyd. The library was common ground, but the physics and chemistry laboratories were in the boys' wing. Art was taught in separate rooms, and although the swimming pool was shared, girls and boys used it at different times. At first there was only one gymnasium, for boys, but soon the school's auditorium was converted into a girls' gym and a new auditorium was added behind the H-block.[47] There were two sports rooms in the basement and two large recreational areas on the school's flat roof, each with views of the city and nearer views of each other.[48]

Rectors

The full title of the school's principal from 1846 until the mid-20th century was "Rector and Master of the Royal Grammar School". In practice, the title of "Rector" was usually used.[49] By the 1960s, the word "Principal" was in use.[38]

  • 1843 to 1848: Rev. George Foster Simpson, MA (Cantab.)[10]
  • 1848 to 1890: Dr Henry Aspinwall Howe MA LLD[29]
  • 1890 to 1903: Rev. Dr Elson I. Rexford DCL LLD[29]
  • 1903 to 1922: Wellington Dixon BA[50][51]
  • 1922 to 1929: Dr Isaac Gammell LLD[52]
  • 1929 to 1935: Rev. Canon James E. Fee MA[53]
  • 1935 to 1945: Thomas Sommerville MA[53][54]
  • 1945: Leonard Unsworth BSc[10]
  • 1956 to 1974: Henry E. Wright[55][56]

Principals of the High School for Girls

  • 1875–1880: Louisa Scott[57][41] (Mrs. John Scott[10])
  • 1880–1894: Mrs. H. C. Fuller[57][58]
  • 1894–1896: Miss Maria E. Findlay[57][59]
  • 1896–1903: Rev. Elson I. Rexford[57]
  • 1903–1911: Miss Georgina Hunter, B.A.[57][60]
  • 1911–1930: Miss Lillian Hendrie[57][61]
  • 1939: Miss Catherine I. Mackenzie[62]
  • 1946: Miss J. Grace Gardner B.A.[63]
  • 1952: Miss E. C. Rorke B.A.[64]
  • 1962: Miss Carrie L. Brodie (becoming Vice-Principal of the united school in 1965)[38][56]

Notable staff

Notable pupils

In chronological order.

Norma Shearer
Christopher Plummer
Oscar Peterson
Maynard Ferguson
Victor Malarek
Sir Charles Rose by "Spy" for Vanity Fair
Sir Frederick Haultain
Charles Blair Gordon (right) on a Bank of Montreal banknote

Notes

  1. ↑ George Edward Flower, A study of the contributions of Dr E. I. Rexford to education in the province of Quebec (Thesis presented to McGill University, 1949), p. 89
  2. 1 2 Gary Caldwell; Eric Waddell (1982). The English of Québec: from majority to minority status. Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture. p. 89. ISBN 978-2-8922-4019-1.
  3. 1 2 F.A.C.E. School at memorablemontreal.com, accessed 29 December 2017
  4. ↑ Stanley B. Frost (1988). "Skakel, Alexander". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VII (1836–1850) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  5. ↑ Elizabeth Ann Kerr McDougall (1985). "Esson, Henry". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VIII (1851–1860) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  6. ↑ Peter E. Rider; Heather McNabb, eds. (2006). Kingdom of the Mind: How the Scots Helped Make Canada. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-7735-7641-4.
  7. ↑ Gentleman's Magazine dated August 1843, vol. 55 (1843), p. 198
  8. 1 2 Report by Montreal Protestant Board of School Commissioners, 1910, p. 12
  9. 1 2 John Archibald Venn, Alumni Cantabrigienses 1752–1900, vol. V (1953), p. 515
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Percival (1946), pp. 44–52.
  11. ↑ Edgar Allen Collard, Donegana's and the Charity Ball in Montreal Gazette(1972), accessed 1 January 2018
  12. 1 2 P. B. Waite (1982). "White, Thomas (1830-88)". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XI (1881–1890) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  13. 1 2 "Obituary Notices: George H. Henshaw". Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. V (Part II): 365–366. 1892.
  14. 1 2 "Biography of George Washington STEPHENS (PÈRE)". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  15. 1 2 Michael Hinton (1994). "Gault, Andrew Frederick". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIII (1901–1910) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  16. 1 2 'HAMILTON, Most Rev. Charles', in The Canadian Who's who (University of Toronto Press, 1910), p. 99
  17. 1 2 3 4 Guide to the Archives, vol. 2 at archives.mcgill.ca, accessed 28 December 2017
  18. 1 2 Newton Bosworth, Hochelaga Depicta: or, A New Picture of Montreal, Embracing the Early and Present State of the City and Island of Montreal (1846), p. 21
  19. ↑ The Provincial Statutes of Canada: anno undecimo et duodecimo Victoriae Reginae (Montreal: Stewart Derbishire and George Desbarats, 1848), pp. 1483, 1484
  20. ↑ Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Volume 8, Issue 1 (Legislative Assembly, 1849), Appendix A, No. 29
  21. ↑ Annual Announcement of the Faculty of Medicine of the McGill University, Montreal, for the 31st Session, 1863–64 (Montreal: J. C. Becket, 1863), p. 9
  22. ↑ Montreal’s First Organized High School Militia Cadet Corps In 1864 dated August 18, 2015, at canadaatwarblog, accessed 5 January 2018
  23. ↑ Ernest J. Chambers, The Montreal Highland Cadets : being a record of the organization and development of a useful and interesting corps, with some notes on the cadet movements in Britain and Canada (Montreal: Desbarats & Co., 1901)
  24. ↑ Stanley Brice Frost, McGill University: For the Advancement of Learning, Volume I, 1801–1895, p. 256
  25. 1 2 Karen Stanworth, Visibly Canadian: Imaging Collective Identities in the Canadas, 1820–1910 (McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 2014), p. 289
  26. 1 2 Report by Montreal Protestant Board of School Commissioners, 1910, p. 54
  27. ↑ James Collins Miller, National Government and Education in Federated Democracies, Dominion of Canada (1940), p. 44
  28. 1 2 Margaret W. Westley, Remembrance of Grandeur: The Anglo-Protestant Elite of Montreal, 1900–1950 (Editions Libre Expression, 1990), p. 64
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 John Kalbfleisch, From the archives: Classic conflict bitterly divided Montreal school dated November 29, 2017, in Montreal Gazette online, accessed 28 December 2017
  30. ↑ J. I. Little, Jean Barman, “An educator of modern views” The (Auto)biography of Margaret Ross, 1862–1943 Archived 2017-12-29 at the Wayback Machine at queens.scholarsportal.info, accessed 28 December 2017
  31. ↑ Flower (1949), pp. 80–81
  32. ↑ MacLeod & Poutanen (2008).
  33. 1 2 Minutes and Votes and Proceedings of the Parliament, with Papers Presented to Both Houses, volume 1 (1906), p. 99
  34. ↑ MacLeod & Poutanen (2004), pp. 287–290.
  35. ↑ Mike Boone, Remembrance Day is going high tech at Face in Montreal Gazette online dated 10 Nov 2010, accessed 29 December 2017
  36. 1 2 W. B. Howell, Colonel F. A. C. Scrimger V. C. in The Canadian Medical Association Journal, March 1938, pp. 279–281
  37. ↑ MacLeod & Poutanen (2004), p. 124.
  38. 1 2 3 4 Victor Malarek, Hey, Malarek! (Toronto: Macmillan, 1984, ISBN 0-7715-9795-9), pp. 144–148
  39. 1 2 MacLeod & Poutanen (2004), pp. 121, 122.
  40. ↑ The High School Magazine (Montreal, 1916), p. 28
  41. 1 2 Lovell's Historic Report of Census of Montreal, Taken in January, 1891 (J. Lovell & Son, Montreal, 1891), p. 75: "High School of Montreal... Between Metcalfe and Peel sts. Since the destruction of the building by fire, the Senior classes have been held in the Victoria School, St Luke st."
  42. ↑ Flower (1949), p. 88
  43. ↑ John Irwin Cooper, Montreal: a Brief History (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1969), p. 116
  44. ↑ Alexandra Mayes Birnbaum, Birnbaum's Montreal & Quebec City, 1993 (1992), p. 177
  45. ↑ MacLeod & Poutanen (2004), p. 287.
  46. ↑ Graham Ivan Neil, A History of Physical Education in the Protestant Schools of Quebec (1963), p. 80
  47. ↑ MacLeod & Poutanen (2004), pp. 277, 288.
  48. ↑ MacLeod & Poutanen (2004), p. 290.
  49. ↑ Canadian Almanac and Directory: (Copp Clark Publishing Company, 1908), p. 437
  50. ↑ The Educational Monthly of Canada Volume 26 (1903), p. 432: "Mr. Wellington Dixon, B.A., who for the last twenty years has been Mathematical Master in the Montreal High School, has been appointed to succeed the Rev. Dr. Rexford as rector of that institution. Mr. Dixon is a native of Prince Edward Island, and a graduate of McGill University."
  51. ↑ Wellington Dixon at marianopolis.edu, accessed 29 December 2017
  52. ↑ The School, Volume 31 (1933), p. 65 (obituary): "Dr. Isaac Gammell, former Rector of Montreal High School and a member of the Protestant Committee of the Council of Education died suddenly on Victoria Day... Dr Gammell, who was born in Nova Scotia in 1886, was educated at Pictou Academy, Truro Normal College, and Dalhousie University. After teaching for some time in Pictou Academy, he removed to Montreal, where he was engaged for 40 years in Montreal High School, the last seven of which were spent in the capacity of Rector. Dr. Gammell had a career of 50 years in the teaching profession, and was only 3 years in retirement. In 1928 he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Dalhousie University, and at that time had held nearly every office in the Teachers' Association, of which he was President in 1919."
  53. 1 2 The School: Secondary Edition, Volume 24, issues 1–2 (Ontario College of Education, University of Toronto, 1935), p. 71: "The Rev. Canon J. E. Fee, M.A., Rector of Montreal High School, has resigned his position on account of impaired health. He was a member of the School Board before he was appointed rector in this high school. He has been succeeded by Mr. Thomas Sommerville, MA"
  54. ↑ The School: Elementary Edition, Volume 34, issues 4–10 (Ontario College of Education, 1945), p. 353
  55. ↑ Education Bulletin of the Faculty and College of Education: Vancouver and Victoria, Issues 1-5 (University of British Columbia, 1957), p. 12
  56. 1 2 In Memory of Carrie Brodie, at munromorris.com, accessed 1 January 2018; Miss Carrie Lou Brodie (August 26, 1928 – August 22, 2007) went on to be Principal of John Grant High School, 1977 to 1982, and died in 2007
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gillian Mary Burdett, The High School for Girls, Montreal (McGill University thesis, August 1963), pp. 18–29
  58. ↑ Lovell's Montreal directory for 1888-89 "High school of Montreal, boys' depart., H. A. Howe, M.A., LL.D., princip. and rector; girls' Mrs. H. C. Fuller, lady principal"
  59. ↑ Flower (1949) p. 92
  60. ↑ Canadian Almanac & Directory 1911 (1910), p. 324
  61. ↑ The Canadian Almanac and Miscellaneous Directory, Volume 79 (Copp Clark Co., 1926), p. 504
  62. ↑ The Canadian Almanac and Legal and Court Directory (1939), p. 510
  63. ↑ The Canadian Almanac and Legal and Court Directory (1946), p. 498
  64. ↑ Canadian Almanac & Directory for 1952 (Copp, Clark, 1952), p. 608
  65. ↑ Sharon Rose Goelman (1998). "Raphael, William". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  66. ↑ Pierre Quenneville (1998). "Couture, Guillaume". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  67. ↑ Raymond Arthur Davies, Printed Jewish Canadiana, 1685–1900 Vol. 1 (1955), p. 3
  68. ↑ Allan Levine (1990). "Ogilvie, William Watson". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  69. ↑ Philip Creighton (1994). "McDougall, John Lorn". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIII (1901–1910) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  70. ↑ René Villeneuve (2005). "Birks, Henry". In Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XV (1921–1930) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  71. ↑ LeSUEUR, WILLIAM DAWSON, civil servant, author, and critic, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 14 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  72. ↑ P. R. Eakins, Vennor, Henry George, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 11 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  73. ↑ 'Aylmer, Hon. Henry', in The Canadian Who's Who (University of Toronto Press, 1910)
  74. ↑ Charles Blackwell, Grace's Guide, gracesguide.co.uk, accessed 2 April 2022
  75. ↑ Montizambert, Frederick, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 15 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  76. ↑ William H. Atherton Montreal from 1535 to 1914 Biographical (1914), p. 240
  77. ↑ "Biography of Christopher Benfield CARTER". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  78. ↑ Pamela Miller, McCord, David Ross, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 15 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  79. ↑ "Obituary: Sir Charles Rose MP" in The Times dated 21 April 1913. p. 8
  80. ↑ "Biography of John Thomas FINNIE". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  81. ↑ DAWSON, GEORGE MERCER, geologist, author, teacher, civil servant, geographer, anthropologist, and palaeontologist, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 13 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  82. ↑ Clouston, Sir Edward Seaborne, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 14 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  83. ↑ Edward Black Greenshields in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 14 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  84. ↑ BROCK, JEFFRY HALL, businessman, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 14 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  85. ↑ Fisher, Sydney Arthur, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 15 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  86. ↑ McLENNAN, JOHN STEWART, businessman, historian, author, newspaper publisher, and politician, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 16 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  87. ↑ Edwards, Mary Jane (1994). "Drummond, William Henry". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIII (1901–1910) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  88. ↑ GOULD, CHARLES HENRY, musician and librarian, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 14 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  89. ↑ "Biography of Alexander Webb MORRIS". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  90. ↑ 'HAULTAIN, Frederick William Gordon', in The Canadian Who's Who (University of Toronto Press, 1910)
  91. ↑ William Douw Lighthall at quebecgenweb.com, accessed 30 December 2017
  92. ↑ James Fielding Sweeny at quebecgenweb.com, accessed 30 December 2017
  93. ↑ "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  94. ↑ Déliberations et Mémoires de la Société Royale du Canada (Royal Society of Canada, 1961), p. 72
  95. ↑ "Biography of Charles Ernest GAULT". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  96. ↑ Scott, Frederick George (1922). The Great War As I Saw It. F.D. Goodchild.
  97. ↑ Chambers, Ernest John, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 15 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  98. ↑ "Biography of Peter Samuel George MACKENZIE". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  99. ↑ Davis, Sir Mortimer Barnett, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 15 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  100. ↑ Thomas William Herringshaw, Herringshaw's National Library of American Biography (1914), p. 519
  101. ↑ "Biography of George Washington STEPHENS (FILS)". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  102. ↑ Maxwell, Edward, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 15 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  103. ↑ Gordon, Sir Charles Blair, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 16 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  104. ↑ Daniel McCabe, Moments that changed McGill in McGill News online, accessed 30 December 2017
  105. ↑ Desmond Morton, Charles Allan Smart at biographi.org
  106. ↑ 'Brown, David Robertson', in The Canadian Who's Who (1929)
  107. ↑ Rod Millard, ed., Monsarrat, Charles Nicholas in Biographical Dictionary of Canadian Engineers online at uwo.ca, accessed 1 January 2018
  108. ↑ 'Wilfred Lucas' (obituary), in Hartford Courant dated December 15, 1940
  109. ↑ France Gagnon-Pratte, Country Houses for Montrealers, 1892–1924: The Architecture of E. and W.S. Maxwell (Meridian Press, 1987), p. 46
  110. ↑ Zeta Psi Fraternity of North America (The Fraternity, 1900), p. 826
  111. ↑ "Biography of Andrew Ross MCMASTER". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  112. ↑ "Biography of Walter George MITCHELL". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  113. ↑ Antonia Brodie, ed., Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914: Vol. 2 (L–Z) (A. & C. Black, Royal Institute of British Architects, 2001), p. 504
  114. ↑ KENDALL, GEORGE WASHINGTON, named George Kennedy, wrestler and sports promoter, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 15 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  115. ↑ Papineau, Talbot Mercer, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, volume 14 (University of Toronto/Université Laval), online at biographi.ca
  116. ↑ "Biography of George Gordon HYDE". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  117. ↑ 'Lyman, John 1886–1967' in Creative Canada: a Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-century Creative and Performing Artists, Volume 2 (University of Toronto Press, 1972), p. 1917
  118. ↑ Charles Whately Parker, Barnet M. Greene, eds., Who's Who in Canada Volume 40 (1952), p. 1435
  119. ↑ "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  120. ↑ Anne Savage Fonds at concordia.accesstomemory.org, accessed 29 December 2017
  121. ↑ Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory Volume 3 (1961), p. 5871
  122. ↑ Gavin Lambert, Norma Shearer: A Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990, ISBN 978-0-394-55158-6), p. 15
  123. ↑ "John Bland at Eighty: A Tribute" in The Canadian Architect, Vol. 37 (1992), p. 8
  124. ↑ Jeet Heer, "Albert Chartier", in The National Post dated November 20, 2003
  125. ↑ Rick Helmes-Hayes, Measuring the Mosaic: An Intellectual Biography of John Porter (University of Toronto Press, 2010), p. 181
  126. ↑ 'Dudek, Louis 1918–2001' in Creative Canada: a Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-century Creative and Performing Artists, Volume 2 (University of Toronto Press, 1972), p. 1933
  127. ↑ 1949 Montreal Alouettes Roster Canadian Football League (CFL) at statscrew.com, accessed 30 December 2017
  128. ↑ "Caiserman-Roth, Ghitta" in Elizabeth Sleeman, ed., The International Who's Who of Women 2002 (2002), p. 86
  129. 1 2 Maynard Ferguson (obituary) dated 26 Aug 2006 at The Daily Telegraph online, accessed 30 December 2017
  130. ↑ 'Plummer, Christopher, 1929-' in Creative Canada: a Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-century Creative and Performing Artists, Volume 2 (University of Toronto Press, 1972), p. 1961
  131. ↑ Herbert Whittaker, Whittaker's Theatricals (1993), p. 127
  132. ↑ Ian Macdonald, "Vesatile athlete had stints with Alouettes, Canadiens" in Montreal Gazette dated 14 Mar 2012
  133. ↑ Alvin Cramer Segal, My Peerless Story: It Starts with the Collar, pp. 13-23

Further reading

  • E. I. Rexford, I. Gammell, A. R. McBain, The History of the High School of Montreal, with eight appendices: Dr. Rexford's Historical Sketch; Senior Masters since 1843; Junior Teachers since 1870; Head Boys since 1843; Winners of the Rector's Trophy; Head Prefects; Governor-General's silver medalists; Winners of the Gammell Cup (Montreal: Old Boys' Association of the High School of Montreal, 1950)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to High School of Montreal.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.