Hamburg Airport

Flughafen Hamburg
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerMinistry of Economic Affairs, Transportation and Innovation (City of Hamburg) (51%)
AviAlliance (49%)
OperatorFlughafen Hamburg GmbH
ServesHamburg Metropolitan Region
LocationHamburg, Germany
Focus city for
Built1911
Elevation AMSL53 ft / 16 m
Coordinates53°37′49″N 009°59′28″E / 53.63028°N 9.99111°E / 53.63028; 9.99111
Websitehamburg-airport.de
Map
HAM is located in Hamburg
HAM
HAM
Location of Hamburg Airport
HAM is located in Germany
HAM
HAM
HAM (Germany)
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
05/23 3,250 10,663 Asphalt
15/33 3,666 12,028 Asphalt
Statistics (2022)
Passengers11,096,296 Increase+108,6%
Aircraft movements00,109,510 Increase0+57,6%
Cargo (metric tons)00,021,165 Decrease00-3,6%
Source: Statistics at ADV.[1],
AIP at German air traffic control.[2]

Hamburg Airport (IATA: HAM, ICAO: EDDH), known in German as Flughafen Hamburg, is a major international airport in Hamburg, the second-largest city in Germany. Since November 2016 the airport has been named after the former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt. It is located 8.5 km (5.3 mi) north[2] of the city centre in the Fuhlsbüttel quarter and serves as a hub for Eurowings and focus city for Condor. It was formerly named Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel Airport, a name still frequently used.

Hamburg Airport is the fifth-busiest of Germany's commercial airports measured by the number of passengers and counted 17,231,687 passengers and 156,388 aircraft movements in 2018.[3] As of July 2017, it featured flights to more than 130 mostly European metropolitan and leisure destinations[4] as well as two long-haul routes to Dubai and Tehran. The airport is equipped to handle wide-bodied aircraft including the Airbus A380.[5]

Hamburg's other airport, Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport where the Airbus factory is located, is not open to commercial traffic.

History

Early years

A Japan Airlines Douglas DC-8 at Hamburg Airport in 1965
A Condor Boeing 727-30 at Hamburg Airport in 1979

The airport was opened in January 1911 from private funding by the Hamburger Luftschiffhallen GmbH (HLG), making it the oldest international airport in the world to still be in operation and the second oldest airport in the country after Tempelhof Airport. The original site comprised 45 hectares, and during its early days was primarily used for airship flights. In 1913 the site was expanded to 60 hectares, the northern part being used for airship operations while the southeast area was used for fixed-wing aircraft.[6]

During the First World War, the airship hangar was used extensively by the German military, until it was destroyed by fire in 1916.[6]

During the British occupation, beginning in 1945, the airport was given its current name, Hamburg Airport. It was used extensively during the Berlin Airlift in 1948 as a staging area, as the northern air corridor went between Hamburg and West Berlin.[6]

When Lufthansa launched passenger operations in 1955, Hamburg was used as a hub until Frankfurt Airport took over due to growth constraints posed by its location in the city. Lufthansa Technik still maintains a large presence at the airport due to the early activities of the airline at the airport.[6] In October 1959 Pan American World Airways was the first airline to start scheduled service with jet aircraft to Hamburg, the routing was New York – London – Hamburg – Copenhagen flown with Boeing 707.

In the 1960s discussions began with the aim of moving the airport to Heidmoor near Kaltenkirchen. Among the reasons cited were limited expansion possibilities, capacity constraints due to crossing runways, and noise. Lufthansa had introduced the Boeing 707 in 1960, which made more noise than previous piston-engined aircraft. The plans were dropped, owing both to bad experiences in other cities where airports had been moved far from city centres, and to Lufthansa's move to Frankfurt.[6]

In 1980 Northwest Orient started flights to Hamburg, originating from Minneapolis with a stop in London Gatwick. In 1981 they introduced a second flight from New York JFK via Copenhagen to Hamburg. All flights were operated with Boeing 747 aircraft. After Northwest Orient received traffic rights to serve Frankfurt they discontinued all flights to Hamburg from early 1985.

In April 1985 Pan American World Airways started a daily non-stop flight from New York JFK to Hamburg, operated with Boeing 747. This was Pan Am's first non-stop service from the US to Hamburg. Starting February 1986 Pan Am also used their new long-range Airbus A310-200 on the route, which made it one of the first ETOPS routes across the Atlantic. In 1988 Japan Air Lines suspended their flights from Tokyo to Hamburg after serving the route for 24 years. One year later in 1989 Lufthansa suspended all flights between Hamburg and Tokyo after almost 30 years of service, which was the last route from Hamburg to the far east.

In May 1989 American Airlines started a daily service from New York JFK via Brussels to Hamburg, and Delta Air Lines started a daily service from Atlanta via London Gatwick to Hamburg. American Airlines suspended their service after a year due to shortage of aircraft after the purchase of Eastern Air Lines' South America routes, Delta upgraded the Atlanta flight to a daily non-stop service with an extension to Berlin-Tegel from May 1991, and also served New York JFK – Hamburg from November 1991 after taking over Pan Am's North Atlantic route network.

Development since the 1990s

In March 1990 Lufthansa launched a daily flight from Hamburg to Newark and added another non-stop flight to Miami in 1992. This lasted for only one summer season and was then suspended together with the Newark flight in late 1992, which left Delta Air Lines alone in this market with their Atlanta and New York flights. From early 1993 to late 1994 South African Airways operated flights from Cape Town via Johannesburg and Munich to Hamburg. In the mid 90s Delta Air Lines experienced financial troubles and had to consolidate their fleet and route network. Hamburg was among the cities in Europe that were cut completely in late 1995. From 1996 Canada 3000 started summer seasonal flights to Hamburg, and until their bankruptcy in late 2001 they served Toronto to Hamburg via Halifax and Vancouver to Hamburg via Calgary. In May 1998 Delta Air Lines relaunched daily non-stop flights between Atlanta and Hamburg. However this route only operated until early 2000. A combination of a then too large business class in their Boeing 767-300ER aircraft and the foundation of the SkyTeam alliance made Delta cancel this service again.

In the early 1990s, the airport had begun extensive modernisation. The plan, called HAM21, included a new 500m pier extension, a new terminal (Terminal 1), and the Airport Plaza between Terminals 1 and 2, which includes a consolidated security area.[6] The airport's shareholders are the City of Hamburg and AviAlliance.

In May 2005 airTransat started a seasonal flight between Toronto and Hamburg. In June that year Continental Airlines started a daily non-stop flight between Newark and Hamburg, Emirates started its then daily Dubai to Hamburg service in March 2006. In 2011 China Eastern Airlines added Hamburg to their route network. However, due to the lack of traffic rights they could only add an extension to their existing Shanghai to Frankfurt flights. The flight initially operated once a week only, and was later increased to twice a week. The stop in Frankfurt and the low frequency did not appeal enough to business travellers so China Eastern suspended the route in 2013.

The Radisson Blu Hotel Hamburg Airport was added in 2009, combined with new roadside access and a station with connection to the city's rapid transit system (Hamburg S-Bahn).[6]

In January 2016, TUIfly announced it was leaving Hamburg Airport entirely due to increasing competition from low-cost carriers. While the summer seasonal routes would not resume, all remaining destinations were cancelled by March 2016.[7] A few weeks later, it was officially announced that the airport was to be named after Helmut Schmidt, a former senator of Hamburg and chancellor of West Germany.[8] On 10 November 2016, the airport was renamed Hamburg Airport Helmut Schmidt.[9]

In October 2016, Air Berlin announced the closure of its maintenance facilities at the airport, due to cost-cutting and restructuring measures.[10]

In June 2017, easyJet announced it would close its base at Hamburg by March 2018 as part of a refocus on other base airports. While over half of the former services were cut, several routes remained in place as they are served from other easyJet bases. In October 2018, United Airlines announced the end of its seasonal service to Newark, leaving the airport with only three long-haul routes, all to the Middle East, and no direct services to North America. The route was inaugurated by Continental Airlines back in 2005 and switched from year-round to seasonal in 2017[11] Also in October 2018 Emirates switched one of the two daily flights from Dubai to A380-service. This was the first ever commercial A380 service to Hamburg. The second daily flight remains operated by Boeing 777-300ER aircraft.

In January 2020, Ryanair also closed its Hamburg base due to airport operating costs, late delivery of the Boeing 737-Max aircraft, and its general downsizing of its German operations.

On 4–5 November 2023, a hostage crisis caused by a custody dispute, wherein an armed man drove onto the tarmac with his 4-year-old daughter in the car, temporarily halted flights at the airport.[12][13]

Facilities

Aerial overview of the airport and its surrounding area

Hamburg Airport originally covered 440,000 m2 (4,700,000 sq ft). Since then, the site has grown more than tenfold to 5.7 km2 (2.2 sq mi). The main apron covers 320,000 m2 (3,400,000 sq ft) and features 54 parking positions; the passenger terminals provide 17 jet bridges. As of July 2016, the airport had only three routes served with wide-body aircraft; however, during that year three gates were upgraded with double-jet bridges to provide faster boarding and de-boarding for large planes like the Airbus A380.[14] The runways, taxiways and aprons can accommodate large aircraft, including the Airbus A380. Emirates replaced one Boeing 777 with A380 aircraft on the route.[14] On 28 May 2018, Emirates announced it would commence services from Dubai International Airport to Hamburg with the A380.[15]

Terminals

Main hall of Terminal 2

Hamburg has two terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, connected by the Airport Plaza and the baggage claim area that extends through the lower levels of all three buildings. These three buildings were designed by Gerkan, Marg and Partners. Both terminals have a high, curved ceiling designed to emulate the shape of a wing. In all buildings level 1 is the departure level, while level 0 is arrivals. Hamburg Airport offers 12 baggage claim belts on the arrivals level.

The Airport Plaza hosts the central security check as well as shops, restaurants, lounges and other service facilities. It houses the S-Bahn station (suburban railway) and was completed in December 2008.

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 was completed in 2005 and is highly similar to Terminal 2 in terms of design and size. It has numerous energy and water saving features like rain water collection for use in restrooms and a ThermoLabyrinth, which uses ground temperature to help regulate the building's temperature and reduce loads on the air conditioning systems. Terminal 1 houses most of the airlines including those from the Oneworld and SkyTeam alliances.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 (despite its name, the older facility) was completed in 1993. It houses Lufthansa with its Star Alliance partners, amongst others.

Airlines and destinations

The following airlines offer regular scheduled and charter flights at Hamburg Airport:[16]

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens, Thessaloniki[17]
Aer Lingus Dublin
airBaltic Riga
Air Cairo Hurghada[18][19]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air Serbia Belgrade[20]
AnadoluJet Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen[21]
Seasonal: Ankara, Antalya[21]
Austrian Airlines Vienna
Seasonal: Klagenfurt (begins 13 January 2024)[22]
British Airways London–Heathrow
Brussels Airlines Brussels
Condor[23] Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Hurghada, Lanzarote, La Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Tenerife–South
Seasonal: Agadir,[24] Antalya,[25] Corfu, Heraklion, Jerez de la Frontera, Kos, Málaga, Rhodes, Samos
Seasonal charter: Pristina[26]
Corendon Airlines Antalya
Seasonal: İzmir[27]
DAT Saarbrücken[28]
easyJet Basel/Mulhouse, Edinburgh, London–Gatwick, Manchester
Emirates Dubai–International
European Air Charter Seasonal charter: Burgas, Varna
Eurowings[29] Amsterdam (ends 28 March 2024),[30] Barcelona, Budapest, Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Fuerteventura, Graz,[31] London–Heathrow, Manchester (begins 31 March 2024),[32] Milan–Malpensa, Munich, Nice, Oslo, Palma de Mallorca, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Rome–Fiumicino, Salzburg, Stockholm–Arlanda, Stuttgart, Vienna, Zürich
Seasonal: Adana,[33] Alicante,[34] Bari, Bilbao,[34] Burgas,[35] Catania, Chania,[29] Corfu, Dubrovnik, Faro, Gothenburg,[36] Gran Canaria, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Jerez de la Frontera (begins 30 April 2024),[37] Kayseri,[33] Kos, Lanzarote, La Palma, Larnaca, Lisbon,[34] Málaga, Malta,[38] Mykonos, Nador,[39] Naples, Olbia, Porto,[34] Reykjavik–Keflavík,[40] Rhodes, Rijeka, Split, Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Tromsø,[41] Tunis,[42] Valencia, Varna, Venice, Verona,[34] Zadar, Zakynthos (begins 5 May 2024)[43]
Finnair Helsinki
Freebird Airlines[44] Seasonal: Antalya
Iberia Madrid
Icelandair Seasonal: Reykjavik–Keflavík
Iran Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini
ITA Airways Seasonal: Milan–Linate[45]
KLM Amsterdam
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
Luxair Luxembourg
Marabu Seasonal: Chania,[46] Corfu,[46] Faro,[47] Gran Canaria,[46] Heraklion,[46] Hurghada,[46] Kos,[46] Málaga,[46] Rhodes,[46] Zakynthos[46]
Norwegian Air Shuttle Oslo[48]
Qatar Airways Doha (begins 1 July 2024)[49]
Pegasus Airlines Ankara, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Antalya
Play Seasonal: Reykjavik–Keflavík
Ryanair Alicante, Bergamo, Dublin, Edinburgh, Gdańsk, London–Stansted, Málaga, Palma de Mallorca, Porto
Seasonal: Valencia, Zadar
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen, Stockholm–Arlanda
Seasonal: Oslo[50]
SkyAlps Bolzano[51]
Southwind Airlines Seasonal charter: Antalya[52]
SunExpress[53] Antalya, İzmir
Seasonal: Ankara,[54] Dalaman
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich
Seasonal: Geneva[55]
Sylt Air Seasonal: Sylt
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon
Tunisair Monastir[56]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Seasonal: Adana, Gaziantep,[57] Kayseri,[57] Ordu/Giresun, Samsun[57]
Volotea Bordeaux, Florence, Lyon[58]
Vueling Barcelona, Paris–Orly
Seasonal: Bilbao[59]
Widerøe Bergen[60][61]
Wizz Air Belgrade, Bucharest–Otopeni, Catania,[62] Gdańsk, Kutaisi,[63] Skopje, Sofia,[64] Tirana, Varna

Statistics

Passengers and movements

Hamburg Airport in 1968
Facilities of Lufthansa Technik at Hamburg Airport with the Heinrich-Hertz-Turm in the far distance
View of the apron
Annual passenger traffic at HAM airport. See Wikidata query.
PassengersMovementsFreight (in t)
2000 9,949,269 164,932 48,669
2001 Decrease 9,490,432 Decrease 158,569 Decrease 43,076
2002 Decrease 8,946,505 Decrease 150,271 Decrease 40,871
2003 Increase 9,529,924 Decrease 149,362 Decrease 36,018
2004 Increase 9,893,700 Increase 151,434 Increase 37,080
2005 Increase 10,676,016 Increase 156,180 Decrease 32,677
2006 Increase 11,954,117 Increase 168,395 Increase 38,211
2007 Increase 12,780,631 Increase 173,516 Increase 44,204
2008 Increase 12,838,350 Decrease 172,067 Decrease 37,266
2009 Decrease 12,229,319 Decrease 157,487 Decrease 31,595
2010 Increase 12,962,429 Decrease 157,180 Decrease 27,330
2011 Increase 13,558,261 Increase 158,076 Increase 27,588
2012 Increase 13,697,402 Decrease 152,890 Increase 28,174
2013 Decrease 13,502,553 Decrease 143,802 Increase 28,302
2014 Increase 14,760,280 Increase 153,879 Increase 28,948
2015 Increase 15,610,072 Increase 158,398 Increase 31,294
2016 Increase 16,223,968 Increase 160,904 Increase 35,284
2017 Increase 17,622,997 Decrease 159,780 Increase 36,863
2018 Decrease 17,231,687 Decrease 156,388 Decrease 33,473
2019 Increase 17,308,773 Increase - Increase -
Sources: ADV,[65] Hamburg Airport[66]

Busiest routes

Busiest routes from Hamburg (2019)[67]
Rank Destination Passengers Operating Airlines
1 Munich 1,750,284 Eurowings, Lufthansa
2 Frankfurt 1,422,950 Lufthansa
3 London (all airports) 978,500 British Airways, easyJet, Eurowings, Ryanair
4 Palma de Mallorca 882,830 Condor, Eurowings, Ryanair
5 Stuttgart 737,285 Eurowings
6 Vienna 710,162 Austrian Airlines, Eurowings, LEVEL
7 Zurich 699,800 Eurowings, Swiss
8 Düsseldorf 524,114 Eurowings
9 Antalya 498,966 Condor, Corendon Airlines, Freebird Airlines, SunExpress
10 Amsterdam 477,618 Eurowings, KLM
Total number of passengers embarking direct flights doubled (no connecting passengers).

Ground transportation

Train

Hamburg Airport station

The airport is around 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Hamburg city centre and 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Norderstedt in the borough of Fuhlsbüttel. S-Bahn service S1, operated by Deutsche Bahn operates every ten minutes between the airport, Ohlsdorf, Wandsbek, Hamburg central station, Altona, Blankenese and Wedel. It is part of the HVV fare organisation offering tickets for all modes of public transportation in Hamburg. Going towards the airport, S1 trains split at Ohlsdorf station, with one portion going to the airport and the other going to Poppenbüttel.

Car

By road, the airport can be reached from Federal Motorway A7 using the state motorway B433, which is the third ring road. Motorists from the east of the city must drive through Hamburg.

Bus

The airport is also linked by some local bus routes to nearby areas as well as regular coach services to the cities of Kiel and Neumünster.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "ADV Monthly Traffic Report 12/2022" (PDF; 919 KB). adv.aero (in German). Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Verkehrsflughäfen e.V. 13 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  2. 1 2 "AIP VFR online". dfs.de. DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  3. ↑ (in English) Traffic Figures – Official website
  4. ↑ "Sommerprogramm am Airport Hamburg mit mehr Zielen". airliners.de (in German). Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  5. ↑ hamburg.de - A380 kann kommen: Fluggastbrücken stehen in Hamburg bereit (German) 12 October 2018
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Our history". Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  7. ↑ "TUIfly to end Hamburg operations over LCC threat". ch-aviation. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  8. ↑ NDR. "Nachrichten aus Hamburg". www.ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  9. ↑ ""Hamburg Airport Helmut Schmidt" ab 10. November". aero.de (in German). 1 September 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  10. ↑ "Air Berlin will bundesweit knapp 500 Stellen streichen | rbb Rundfunk…". archive.ph. 26 October 2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  11. ↑ "United Airlines removes Hamburg service in S19". Routes. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  12. ↑ Kappler, Inke (4 November 2023). "Flights halted at Hamburg airport due to family hostage situation". CNN. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  13. ↑ Grieshaber, Kirsten (5 November 2023). "The hostage situation at Hamburg Airport ends with a man in custody and his 4-year-old daughter safe". Associated Press. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  14. 1 2 Kopp, Martin (24 June 2016). "Fuhlsbüttel macht sich fit für den Superjet A380". www.abendblatt.de (in German). Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  15. ↑ "Emirates announces start of scheduled A380 service into Hamburg". Emirates announces start of scheduled A380 service into Hamburg.
  16. ↑ "Flughafen Hamburg - Destinations & airlines". Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  17. ↑ "Aegean Airlines reveals 33 routes for summer 2021". anna.aero. 20 November 2020.
  18. ↑ "Flight plan". sunexpress.com.
  19. ↑ "Egypt's Air Cairo, SunExpress ink cooperation agreement". ch-aviation.com. 8 March 2021.
  20. ↑ "Air Serbia reveals four new routes amid strong performance". 6 December 2022.
  21. 1 2 "✅ ✈️️ Fly with Most Affordable and Cheap Ticket Opportunities | AnadoluJet". www.anadolujet.com.
  22. ↑ "Austrian nimmt Flüge von Kärnten nach Hamburg auf". 7 September 2023.
  23. ↑ "Timetable". www.condor.com.
  24. ↑ "Winter 2023-24: Condor reaktiviert Agadir-Flüge". Aviation Direct. 8 March 2023.
  25. ↑ "CONDOR EXPANDS ANTALYA NETWORK IN NS23".
  26. ↑ "CONDOR ADDS HAMBURG – PRISHTINA SERVICE FROM MID-DEC 2023".
  27. ↑ "CORENDON AIRLINES NW22 SCHEDULED SERVICE ADJUSTMENT – 20OCT22". aeroroutes.com. 20 October 2022.
  28. ↑ sr.de (German) 10 March 2021
  29. 1 2 eurowings.com - Route network retrieved 13 November 2021
  30. ↑ "Eurowings NS24 Network Changes – 18DEC23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  31. ↑ "Ab Sommerflugplan: Neue Direktflüge: Eurowings verbindet Graz mit Hamburg und Berlin | Kleine Zeitung". 6 December 2022.
  32. ↑ "Eurowings NS24 Network Changes – 18DEC23".
  33. 1 2 "Eurowings Adds New Turkish Routes in NS23".
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 "Eurowings flies to more destinations in summer 2022 than ever before". Eurowings.
  35. ↑ "Eurowings relies on Varna and Burgas". 22 June 2020.
  36. ↑ "Eurowings Moves Hamburg – Gothenburg Addition to late-March 2023".
  37. ↑ "Eurowings NS24 Network Additions – 30NOV23".
  38. ↑ "Eurowings - new routes".
  39. ↑ "Eurowings NS23 Network Update – 12FEB23".
  40. ↑ "EUROWINGS NS23 NETWORK ADDITIONS – 11DEC22".
  41. ↑ "Eurowings - New routes".
  42. ↑ "Eurowings adds Hamburg - Tunis" (in German). 3 March 2023.
  43. ↑ "Eurowings NS24 Network Additions – 30NOV23".
  44. ↑ "Flight list". freebirdairlines.com.
  45. ↑ Orban, André (11 February 2022). "New airline at Hamburg Airport: ITA Airways flies to Milan Linate". Aviation24.be. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Marabu Airlines outlines NS23 network". 18 April 2023.
  47. ↑ "Marabu Airlines verbindet Hamburg mit Faro und Rom". 23 March 2023.
  48. ↑ hamburg-airport.de - Flight schedule and route network from Hamburg retrieved 24 December 2023
  49. ↑ "aeroroutes.com - Qatar Airways Adds Hamburg; Resumes Venice in NS24". 21 December 2023.
  50. ↑ "Sas Offers More Routes and Frequencies for the Summer - Sas".
  51. ↑ "Home". Sky Alps.
  52. ↑ "SOUTHWIND AIRLINES NS23 NETWORK OVERVIEW – 21MAY23". 22 May 2023.
  53. ↑ "SunExpress flight plan - SunExpress". SunExpress EN. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  54. ↑ "SUNEXPRESS NS23 NETWORK ADDITIONS – 30OCT22". aeroroutes.com. 31 October 2022.
  55. ↑ "SWISS NS23 SHORT-HAUL NETWORK ADDITIONS". AeroRoutes. 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  56. ↑ "Tunisair bietet Monastir-Routen wieder an". airliners.de.
  57. 1 2 3 Liu, Jim (1 June 2020). "Turkish Airlines S20 European network addition as of 29MAY20". Routesonline.
  58. ↑ "Volotea s'alia amb Eurowings i llança vuit noves rutes amb Alemanya". 15 February 2023.
  59. ↑ "Siete nuevas rutas de Vueling en Loiu para el próximo verano: Praga, Hamburgo, Zurich". 24 November 2022.
  60. ↑ "Widerøe postpones Hamburg and Munich flights". 21 March 2023.
  61. ↑ "Svak oktober, tøff vinter i møte og frisk satsning på sommerruter | Widerøe".
  62. ↑ "Wizz Air porta a 4 gli aerei a Catania e diventa la prima compagnia aerea. Apre 5 rotte e sbarca a Comiso". 12 May 2023.
  63. ↑ "2023 წლის ივნისიდან Wizz Air ქუთაისის აეროპორტიდან 5 ახალი მიმართულებით იფრენს". 13 December 2022.
  64. ↑ "WIZZ – Dream more. Live more. Be more".
  65. ↑ Flughafenverband ADV. "Flughafenverband ADV – Unsere Flughäfen: Regionale Stärke, Globaler Anschluss". Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  66. ↑ "Flughafen Hamburg - 404 - Inhalt nicht gefunden". Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  67. ↑ "Publikation – Transport & Verkehr – Luftverkehr auf Hauptverkehrsflughäfen – Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)" (in German). Retrieved 28 March 2019.

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