Haemulon vittatum
A shoal of boga off the coast of Cuba.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Haemulidae
Genus: Haemulon
Species:
H. vittatum
Binomial name
Haemulon vittatum
(Poey, 1860)
Synonyms[2]
  • Inermia vittata Poey, 1860
  • Haemulon vittata (Poey, 1860)

Haemulon vittatum, the boga, is an ocean-going species of grunt native to the western Atlantic Ocean. Bogas are also known as the snit in Jamaica, and bonnetmouth in the Bahamas.[2] It was first described by Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey. This species used to be classified as Inermia vittata, but genetic data revealed that it belongs to the genus Haemulon.[3]

Description

Boga at cleaning station. Note extended mouth.

Haemulon vittatum is a spindle-shaped fish. It has a deeply forked caudal fin, and its two dorsal fins are close together. It is also able to protrude its mouth much further than many fishes,[4] hence the name bonnetmouth. They usually have 14-15 spines on their dorsal fins, but only 10 soft rays. They have two spines and 9 rays on their anal fins, as well.[5] The longest recorded Boga was 23 cm in length[6] The boga’s life colors are generally greenish above, and blueish-white below. A greenish stripe, tinged with yellow, can be seen from the eye to the tail. Three similar stripes are on the back. The snout and dorsal fins are both yellowish or pale yellow, while the caudal fin is dusky violet. The pectoral fins are both rosy, and the anal and ventral fins are both white.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Haemulon vittatum is only known from the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida and the Bahamas south to northern South America, including the Antilles and the Caribbean.[8]

Occurring in open water,[9] Bogas are sometimes found near coasts[9] or over reefs[10] they can mainly be found off of oceanic islands,[9] where they feed on zooplankton and smaller fishes.[5] Bogas are occasionally sold fresh, and used as baitfish;[5] they are known to be preyed upon by the red hind (Epinephelus guttatus), a member of the grouper family.[11]

Systematics

Haemolon vittatum was first formally described as Inermia vittata in 1860 by the Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey (1799-1891) with the type locality given as Havana.[12] The specific name vittatum means "banded", banded, this is assmed to refer to the wide greenish stripe running from the eye to the base of caudal fin and the 3-4 brownish stripes above it.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Anderson, W.; - Claro, R.; Cowan, J.; et al. (2017) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Haemulon vittatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T16509426A115361100. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16509426A16510897.en. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  2. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Haemulon vittatum" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ↑ Rocha, Luiz A.; Lindeman, Kenyon C.; Rocha, Claudia R.; Lessios, H. A. (2008-09-01). "Historical biogeography and speciation in the reef fish genus Haemulon (Teleostei: Haemulidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 48 (3): 918–928. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.024. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 18599320.
  4. ↑ Randall, J.E. 1996 Caribbean reef fishes. Third edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3rd ed. 368 p.
  5. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Inermia vittata" in FishBase. 08 2009 version.
  6. ↑ Claro, R. 1994 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo.
  7. ↑ Bohlke, James E. Charles C. G. Chaplin. Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. 2nd edition. Austin, UP of Texas. 305.
  8. ↑ Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
  9. 1 2 3 Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Harper Collins Publishers, 400 p.
  10. ↑ Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD.
  11. ↑ Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5: 665-847
  12. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Haemulon". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  13. ↑ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (5 January 2021). "Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
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