Gregor Robertson
Robertson in 2021
39th Mayor of Vancouver
In office
December 8, 2008 – November 5, 2018
Preceded bySam Sullivan
Succeeded byKennedy Stewart
Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly
for Vancouver-Fairview
In office
May 17, 2005 – July 15, 2008
Preceded byGary Collins
Succeeded byJenn McGinn
Personal details
Born (1964-09-18) September 18, 1964
North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada[1]
Political partyVision Vancouver
Other political
affiliations		New Democratic
Spouses
Amy Oswald
​
(div. 2014)​
    Eileen Park Robertson
    ​
    ​
    (m. 2020)​
    Children4
    Alma materColorado College
    OccupationPolitician, entrepreneur, sustainability executive, global climate ambassador

    Gregor Angus Bethune Robertson (born September 18, 1964) is a Canadian entrepreneur and a progressive[2] politician, who served as the 39th mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, from 2008 to 2018. As the longest consecutive serving Mayor in Vancouver's history,[3] Robertson and his team led the creation and implementation of the Greenest City 2020 Action Plan[4] and spearheaded the city's first comprehensive Economic Action Strategy.

    Robertson was elected to the position of mayor of Vancouver as part of the Vision Vancouver slate. Prior to that, he served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for Vancouver-Fairview, as a member of the New Democratic Party of British Columbia, from 2005 until his resignation in 2008 to run for the mayoral position. On January 10, 2018, Robertson announced that he would not seek re-election after three terms in office.[5]

    Background

    Robertson was born in North Vancouver in 1964.[6] His father was a lawyer with Russell & Dumoulin, a prominent Vancouver law firm, and his mother was a teacher.[7] After his parents divorced, Robertson grew up partly in Portola Valley, near San Francisco with his mother, and later with his father in North Vancouver.[7] In 1982, he graduated from Carson Graham Secondary School in North Vancouver and attended Colorado College and the University of British Columbia,[8] graduating from the former with a BA in English and Biology. After graduating, he intended to become a physician, but the University of British Columbia School of Medicine rejected his application.[7][9] Robertson then completed Emergency Medical Technician (EMT/paramedic) training but turned his career focus to healthy food and nutrition. .[7]

    His relations include grandfather Emile Therrien, a pioneering doctor, and Norman Bethune, his grandmother's cousin, a noted anti-fascist and Communist famous for battlefield medicine in the Spanish Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War.[7]

    He worked on a ranch as a cowboy in the Cariboo[8] restored a wooden sailboat and sailed across the Pacific for 18 months, accompanied by his wife, Amy, whom he had met in Colorado.[7] They settled in New Zealand, where he was attracted to, and began, farming as a trade.[9] After turning 25, he returned to Canada, where he purchased land in Glen Valley near Fort Langley, and made his living as a farmer there.[8]

    Robertson went on to co-found Happy Planet, a Vancouver-based company that produces and markets organic fruit and vegetable beverages and soups.[8] He was named one of Canada's "Top 40 under 40" by The Globe and Mail.[10] He was also a Tides Canada (public foundation) director from 2002 until 2004, when he entered politics with the provincial New Democratic Party.

    He was elected to the BC Legislative Assembly in the 2005 election as a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party having defeated the trade union leader Judy Darcy in a high-profile battle for the party's nomination. He then beat British Columbia Liberal Party's Virginia Greene in the general election. During his time as the MLA for Vancouver-Fairview, Robertson served as the Opposition Critic for Advanced Education, Small Business Critic and as the co-chair of the Caucus Climate Change Taskforce.[11]

    Robertson is currently the global ambassador of Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, the largest city alliance for climate leadership.[12]

    Mayoral campaign and elections

    In February 2008, Robertson announced that he would run for Mayor of Vancouver. In June 2008, Robertson secured the Vision Vancouver party's nomination as its mayoral candidate,[13] defeating Raymond Louie and Allan De Genova.[14] Robertson soon announced his resignation from the Legislative Assembly effective July 15, 2008.[15] His main rival was Peter Ladner of the Non-Partisan Association.

    He was elected by a solid margin in the 2008 municipal election. Seven of the ten seats on Vancouver City Council also went to Robertson's Vision Vancouver party. "It was a hard-fought campaign," he told supporters gathered at the Fairmont Hotel Vancouver, "but there is far more that unites us than divides us."[16]

    Robertson secured a landslide victory in the 2011 municipal election.[17] He defeated Suzanne Anton of NPA by a margin of 18,853 votes,[18] while Vision Vancouver won seven of the ten seats on the Vancouver City Council.[17]

    Robertson was re-elected to a third term in 2014, defeating Kirk LaPointe of NPA.[19]

    In January 2018, Robertson announced that he will not seek re-election in the fall election.[20]

    Mayoral term (2008–2018)

    Economic growth

    In 2011, Robertson created the city's first Economic Action Strategy which led to creation of jobs in sectors such as green energy and digital media.[21] During his mayoral tenure, Vancouver became the fastest-growing metropolitan economy in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada.[22] Vancouver's unemployment was down in six of the last seven years of his term;[23] the unemployment rate of 4.5% in 2018 was one of the lowest in the country.[24]

    Action on homelessness

    Under Robertson's leadership, Vancouver City Council made progress in reducing homelessness.

    At the beginning of his term in 2008, there were 1,536 homeless people recorded in an annual count in Vancouver, growing to 2,181 in 2018.[25] Robertson attributed this increase to a lack of support from provincial and federal governments.[26] In addition, numbers released by B.C. Housing Ministry pointed to an influx of homeless people coming to British Columbia from other provinces.[27] A 2016 study by Simon Fraser University found that 52% of the homeless people surveyed in Downtown Eastside had migrated there from outside Vancouver, up from 17% a decade ago.[28]

    On December 9, 2008, he announced low-barrier HEAT shelters to assist Vancouver's homeless citizens during an extremely cold winter,[29] which were filled to capacity.[30][31][32][33] On September 15, 2009, Vancouver city staff issued a report warning Robertson and the City Council that they should no longer expect the HEAT shelters to be funded after the 2009–2010 fiscal year.[34][35][36][37] In 2011, by the end of his first mayoral term, more than 90 percent of the homeless people in Vancouver were reportedly sleeping in shelters or other temporary spaces.[38]

    In 2014, he oversaw the creation of Vancouver Affordable Housing Agency, which was established to create housing units primarily for low to moderate-income households.[39] A neighbourhood plan aimed to shape development of the Downtown Eastside was also approved. The plan was aimed to protect low-income residents of the area who were struggling to afford rent amidst a rise in cost of living.[40]

    In September 2017, the Government of British Columbia announced a funding commitment of $66 million towards Robertson's plan to build 600 units of temporary modular housing in Vancouver.[41] In partnership with the BC Government, temporary modular homes were built within 18 months on empty or underutilized City-owned land, providing immediate relief to 600 people living without a home, as well as access to 24/7 supports, including life skills training and health services.[41]

    The 12th annual Homeless Count in Vancouver held in 2018 saw a 2% increase in homeless residents since the 2017 count, compared with a 16% increase between 2016 and 2017.[42] Of those counted in 2018, 659 were living on the street and 1,522 were living in shelters, compared to 537 street homeless and 1,601 sheltered in 2017.[42] Fifty-two per cent of those counted reported being homeless for less than a year, showing the fluidity of homelessness year over year in Vancouver, and in 2017, the Homelessness Service's Outreach Team secured 850 homes for residents who were homeless or at risk of homelessness.[42]

    Greenest City Action Plan

    On February 25, 2009, Robertson announced the members of the Greenest City Action Team in support of his campaign promise to make Vancouver the greenest city in the world by 2020.[43][44] In April 2009, Robertson and the Greenest City Action Team released a report outlining quick-start recommendations to move aggressively on its green plan.[45] The report focused on three key areas: jobs and the economy, greener communities, and protecting human health.[43]

    The Greenest City Action Plan (GCAP) was approved by the Vancouver City Council in 2011. The plan included 10 goals, including reduction of carbon emissions, development of the green economy, improvement in air and water quality, among others. Vancouver became the first city to regulate embodied carbon, and set a goal to eliminate fossil fuels and switch to 100% renewable energy by 2050.[46] In 2013, Vancouver was named as the Global Earth Hour Capital by the World Wildlife Fund in recognition of the city's "actions on climate change and dedication to create a sustainable, vibrant urban environment."[47] In 2016, Vancouver was recognized as the third greenest city in the world according to the Global Green Economy Index, behind only Copenhagen and Stockholm.[48]

    As part of GCAP, Vancouver also focused on waste management by turning organic waste into compost material which was then sold to gardeners. The city captured methane at landfills to heat greenhouses.[49] Vancouver also became the first city in North America to heat homes using thermal energy extracted from sewage and wastewater, which reportedly reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 65% in the False Creek neighbourhood.[50]

    Transportation issues

    Canada Line

    Robertson was a strong supporter of Cambie Street merchants and spoke regularly about hardships from the Canada Line construction.[51] He called the handling of the rail line construction an "injustice".[52] On March 23, 2009, Robertson testified in a lawsuit brought by a Cambie Street plebiscite merchant in the B.C. Supreme Court regarding damage to her business from the construction,[51] a lawsuit for which the merchant was awarded $600,000 by the B.C. Supreme Court because in part there was insufficient action to mitigate the effects of Canada Line construction on Cambie Street merchants.[53] This decision was later appealed and overturned at the B.C. Court of Appeal on February 18, 2012.[54] On the Canada Line opening day of August 17, 2009, Robertson said Greater Vancouver needed more rapid transit but the Canada Line was a "great start" and that he was a "Johnny-come-lately" to the project.[55]

    Toll proposal

    On September 17, 2009, Robertson called for adding a toll to the Sea-to-Sky Highway, the primary driving route between Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia, and to all major crossings of the Fraser River to help fund Translink.[56] British Columbia Minister of Transportation Shirley Bond dismissed the proposal by stating that the Province has no plans to add a toll to the Sea-to-Sky Highway, and that the Province was not contemplating a change in tolling strategy.[57]

    Cycling and livability

    Robertson and his team led the charge on cycling infrastructure, transforming Vancouver into one of the world's most livable cities.[58][3][59]

    Cycling had been growing in popularity in Vancouver as it has all over the world and the desire of its citizens to cycle for at least some of their trips had been growing for decades however little was done before July 2009 when the Burrard Bridge bicycle lane trial was initiated to determine whether creating a new protected bike lane was a viable solution to increase the safety and comfort of people cycling and walking while still maintaining an effective flow of traffic. During his mayorship, the city's flagship project was the Seaside Greenway, running from downtown Vancouver to Jericho Beach.[60] This active transportation corridor was created by repurposing one lane of automobile traffic from the Burrard Bridge as well as blocking through vehicular traffic from the prestigious Point Grey Road.

    Bylaw changes

    In preparation for the 2010 Winter Olympics in July 2009, the Vancouver Council approved several temporary bylaw changes—including security checkpoints, closed-circuit cameras, prohibition of "disturbance or nuisance interfering with the enjoyment of entertainment on city land by other persons", and prohibition of commercial flyers at celebration sites—which were controversial for some civil liberties advocates who argued that they "make it more difficult to exercise [the] fundamental constitutional rights to free speech, peaceful assembly and free expression."[61] As part of the changes city manager Penny Ballem, an unelected official, was given special powers that were referred to by Coalition of Progressive Electors councilor Ellen Woodsworth as "wide open carte blanche."[62] Robertson defended council's position, explaining the temporary bylaw changes were necessary given what Vancouver was required to implement as the host city. According to Robertson, "It is our ultimate obligation to ensure the safety and security of people who are in our city and this, I think, addresses a lot of the concerns proactively on that level while respecting the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This is a temporary set of changes we're putting it in place for a special event."[63]

    Robertson also implemented a bylaw in April 2014 that prevented homeowners from cutting trees down on their own private property.[64] The bylaw was proposed due to the rapid reduction in tree cover in the City of Vancouver.

    Vancouver charter amendment

    On January 12, 2009, Robertson requested an amendment to the Vancouver Charter to allow the city to borrow $458 million to fund the completion of the 2010 Olympic Village in False Creek without seeking approval from taxpayers in an election-day plebiscite.[65] Robertson said this was due to extraordinary circumstances.[65] The amendment was passed on January 18, 2009, in an emergency session of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.[66][67]

    Vancouver Stanley Cup riot

    On June 15, 2011, the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot occurred after a Vancouver Canucks loss in game 7 of the Stanley Cup final. Robertson attributed the situation to "a small group of troublemakers".[68] Bob Whitelaw, author of a report into the 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot, indicated that authorities had made several mistakes in the planning for the crowd—among them allowing parked cars near the screens and leaving newspaper boxes nearby which could be used as projectiles.[69] It was later claimed by Vancouver Police Chief Jim Chu that Bob Whitelaw was not a contributor to the final report, and that all recommendations of the final report had been followed.[70] Robertson admitted to not having read the 1994 report.[71] Suzanne Anton dubbed the riot as "Robertson's Riot", a moniker which was picked up by some media outlets.[72][73][74][75]

    Indigenous rights

    In 2014, Vancouver declared itself to be the first "City of Reconciliation", summarizing the principles to reconcile with Musqueam, Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh indigenous communities. Robertson acknowledged that the city was on the unceded homelands of the First Nations. Robertson and Vancouver City Council established regular meetings with Musqueam, Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh councils to implement reconciliation actions jointly.[76]

    Robertson and the city council strongly opposed the Trans Mountain pipeline and took legal action with the three nations in fighting against its development, traveling to Ottawa with the BC First Nations Chiefs to petition Federal leaders.[77]

    In 2017, the city council permanently raised the flags of the three host nations in the council chambers for the first time in the city's history. They also donated a burial site back to the Musqueam community and protected the site from commercial development as part of their ongoing commitments as a "City of Reconciliation".[78]

    During the 2013 Walk of Reconciliation, over 70,000 people marched with Robertson, City Council, and thousands of city leaders/organizations in heavy rain in support of indigenous rights, while the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was hosted by the city.[79][80]

    Other investments

    Between 2009 and 2011, the city exceeded its target of 300 childcare spaces by 153. And during his 2011 mayoral campaign, Robertson set a larger goal of setting up 500 affordable childcare spaces over the course of his second term. The budget surplus of $5 million in 2012 was partially invested into development of childcare spaces, the largest increase in childcare investment in Vancouver's history.[81] In 2014, the city announced that 599 spaces had been built or committed to since 2012, with a total investment of $62 million going into the plan.[82] By 2018, 1,064 additional childcare spaces had been committed in line with the 2015–2018 Capital Plan to create 1,000 new childcare spaces.[83]

    Robertson advocated for drug decriminalization during the opioid crisis.[84] The city invested in overdose prevention sites, facilitating supervised injection and clean exchange of needles, which resulted in a decrease in overdose deaths.[85]

    Post-mayoral career

    Global Covenant of Mayors

    In 2019, Robertson was appointed as the global ambassador of Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, the largest city alliance for climate leadership with over 12,800 cities worldwide tackling the climate crisis and energy challenges.[12]

    Nexii

    In 2019, Robertson joined Nexii Building Solutions, a green construction company, as its executive vice-president of strategy and partnerships.[86] In 2021, the company became the fastest Canadian startup to reach unicorn status.[87]

    Family and personal life

    Robertson is married to Eileen Park Robertson, a journalist, filmmaker, communications professional and climate/racial justice advocate. In 2020, they married at Stanley Park in Vancouver, paying tribute to their ancestral roots by wearing the Clan Robertson tartan and a Park family emblem.[88] When news of their interracial marriage was published in Vogue magazine, Eileen, a Korean-American, was targeted with racist and misogynist hate.[89] She spoke out about her personal experiences with racism while working in media and government.[90]

    Robertson was previously married to Amy Oswald, whom he met at Colorado College,[91] and they have three children.[92] On July 5, 2014, the Robertsons announced their separation in a joint statement.[93][94][95][96]

    Robertson is also a tuba player; he and his former MLA colleague Nicholas Simons performed on country-punk musician Slim Milkie's 2010 album Silverado.[97]

    He is a distant relative of Norman Bethune. His grandmother was a first cousin of the Canadian doctor, a hero of the mainland Chinese Communist Revolution.[98]

    Election results

    2005 British Columbia general election: Vancouver-Fairview
    Party Candidate Votes%Expenditures
    New DemocraticGregor Robertson13,00946.59$138,500
    LiberalVirginia Greene12,11443.39$159,138
    GreenHamdy El-Rayes2,4798.88$1,468
    SexPatrick Gallagher Clark1210.43$100
    Central PartyScott Yee1020.37$110
    Work LessMalcolm Janet Mary van Delst950.34$100
    Total valid votes 27,920100
    Total rejected ballots 2060.74
    Turnout 28,12660.64

    2008 election for mayor

    Candidate Name Party affiliation Votes % of votes Elected
    Gregor Robertson Vision Vancouver 67,598 54.39% X
    Peter Ladner Non-Partisan Association 48,794 39.26%
    Betty Krawczyk Work Less Party of British Columbia 1,346 1.08%
    Marc Emery Independent 1,119 0.90%
    Scott Yee Independent 942 0.31%
    Patrick Britten Nude Garden Party 695 0.76%
    Jeff Kuah Independent 600 0.48%
    Angel L. Jimenez Independent 320 0.26%
    Leon Kaplan Independent 299 0.24%
    Bill Ritchie Independent 252 0.20%
    Joe Hatoum Independent 241 0.19%
    Gölök Z. Buday Independent 172 0.14%
    Menard D. Caissey Independent 137 0.11%
    N. Bur Maxwell Independent 125 0.10%

    2011 election for mayor

    Candidate Name Party affiliation Votes % of votes Elected
    (I) Gregor Robertson Vision Vancouver 77,005 53.17% X
    Suzanne Anton Non-Partisan Association 58,152 40.15%
    Randy Helten Neighbourhoods for a Sustainable Vancouver 4,007 2.77%
    Gerry McGuire Vancouver Citizen's Voice 1,195 0.83%
    Sam Pelletier Independent 443 0.31%
    Darrell Zimmerman Independent 426 0.29%
    Dubgee Independent 419 0.29%
    Robin Lawrance Independent 353 0.24%
    Victor B. Paquette Independent 333 0.23%
    Lloyd Alan Cooke Independent 310 0.21%
    Menard Caissy Independent 288 0.20%
    Gölök Zoltán Buday Independent 268 0.19%

    2014 election for mayor

    Candidate Name Party affiliation Votes % of votes Elected
    (I) Gregor Robertson Vision Vancouver 83,529 45.97% X
    Kirk LaPointe Non-Partisan Association 73,443 40.42%
    Meena Wong Coalition of Progressive Electors 16,791 9.24%
    Bob Kasting Independent 1,682 0.93%
    Mike Hansen Independent 714 0.39%
    Jeff Hill Independent 611 0.34%
    Tim Ly Independent 556 0.31%
    Meynard Aubichon Stop Party 508 0.28%
    Cherryse Kaur Kaiser Independent 492 0.27%
    Colin Shandler Independent 459 0.25%

    References

    1. ↑ "Twenty Questions With Mayor Gregor Robertson : Scout Magazine". Scoutmagazine.ca. January 7, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    2. ↑ "Gregor Robertson: Progressive, green, not a troll, fighting for his political life. What went wrong?". Frances Bula. November 9, 2014. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
    3. 1 2 McElroy, Justin (October 13, 2018). "Gregor Robertson: riding away with no regrets". CBC News.
    4. ↑ Vancouver, City of (May 5, 2016). "Greenest City Action Plan". vancouver.ca. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
    5. ↑ Balca, Dario (January 10, 2018). "Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson won't seek re-election". British Columbia. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
    6. ↑ Robertson to lead Vancouver into 2010 Games, CTV News, November 15, 2008.
    7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Profile: Gregor Robertson's toughest race so far". www.vancouversun.com.
    8. 1 2 3 4 "Pursuit of Happiness" Archived July 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, BC Business, December 1, 2006.
    9. 1 2 "Gregor Robertson, Sustainability's Superman" Archived October 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Today's Vancouver Woman, July 30, 2007.
    10. ↑ "City Profile", City Award,
    11. ↑ Palmer, Vaughn, "NDP faces prospect of losing its 'catch' to civic politics," Vancouver Sun, January 9, 2008
    12. 1 2 "Gregor Robertson appointed global ambassador for mayors' climate group". CBC News. May 6, 2019.
    13. ↑ Loxam, Erin, "Gregor Robertson is Vision Vancouver's candidate for mayor", News 1130, June 15, 2008
    14. ↑ "It's Robertson vs. Ladner for mayor" Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Vancouver Sun, June 16, 2008.
    15. ↑ "NDP MLA resigning seat to run for Vancouver mayor", CBC, June 19, 2008
    16. ↑ "Robertson is Vancouver's Olympics mayor", The Globe and Mail, November 16, 2008.
    17. 1 2 "Mayor Gregor Robertson re-elected in landslide victory along with full Vision slate on council". The Vancouver Observer. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    18. ↑ Weichel, Andrew (November 20, 2011). "Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson re-elected". CTV News. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    19. ↑ "Gregor Robertson re-elected mayor of Vancouver". CBC News. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    20. ↑ "Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson announces he won't seek re-election". Globalnews.ca. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    21. ↑ "Gregor Robertson". Institute on Governance. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    22. ↑ "Vancouver to have fastest growing economy in Canada this year: report". Globalnews.ca. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    23. ↑ McElroy, Justin (October 13, 2018). "Gregor Robertson: riding away with no regrets". CBC News. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    24. ↑ "'People want to blame me': Outgoing Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson reflects on 10 years in office". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    25. ↑ "Vancouver Homeless Count 2018"
    26. ↑ "Gregor Robertson: A Look Back on An Impossible Claim". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    27. ↑ "Smyth: Nearly one in seven new welfare recipients in B.C. last year were from out-of-province". The Province. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    28. ↑ "Half of Downtown Eastside's homeless residents came from other areas: study". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    29. ↑ "Robertson promises 200 new shelter beds". Toronto.ctv.ca. December 17, 2008. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    30. ↑ "Vancouver emergency homeless shelters filled to capacity during winter storms" Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, News 1130, January 6, 2009.
    31. ↑ "Decision on HEAT shelter closure likely today", Metro Vancouver, July 29, 2009.
    32. ↑ "Howe Street shelter shuts down early", CBC News, June 29, 2009.
    33. ↑ "Vancouver to launch new shelter project downtown", The Globe and Mail, Thursday, August 27, 2009.
    34. ↑ "Now, THAT's an agenda!", News 1130, September 18, 2009.
    35. ↑ "City of Vancouver Administrative Report", City of Vancouver archives, September 15, 2009.
    36. ↑ "Controversial homeless shelter reopens". Cbc.ca. January 5, 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    37. ↑ "Vancouver to open temporary homeless shelter on Granville" Archived June 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
    38. ↑ "Vancouver mayor's legacy on homelessness: A good try, but a promise not fulfilled". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    39. ↑ "City of Vancouver Establishes New Affordable Housing Agency". Daily Hive. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    40. ↑ "Vancouver's $1-billion Downtown Eastside plan approved by council". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    41. 1 2 Vancouver, City of (October 26, 2018). "Temporary modular housing". vancouver.ca. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
    42. 1 2 3 Vancouver, City of (May 4, 2018). "City releases 2018 Homeless Count results and presents actions for responding to homelessness". vancouver.ca. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
    43. 1 2 "Start now to make Vancouver the world's greenest city, report urges" Archived September 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Vancouver Sun, April 27, 2009.
    44. ↑ "Greenest City 2020". Vancouver.ca. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    45. ↑ "Vancouver to move aggressively on its green plan: mayor". Cbc.ca. April 27, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
    46. ↑ "100% by 2050 – Vancouver's roadmap to urban sustainability". www.irena.org. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    47. ↑ "Vancouver crowned Earth Hour capital by World Wildlife Fund". Globalnews.ca. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    48. ↑ "2016 Global Green Economy Index" (PDF). Dual Citizen LLC. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
    49. ↑ Adler, Ben (March 31, 2014). "How did Vancouver get so green?". Grist. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    50. ↑ "In Vancouver, Wastewater and Sewage Provide Energy". The New York Times. May 17, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    51. 1 2 "Vancouver mayor testifies in Cambie merchant lawsuit", CBC News, March 23, 2009.
    52. ↑ "The long and troubled road to the Canada Line", CTV News, August 17, 2009.
    53. ↑ "Ex-Cambie merchant's court victory linked to defendants' failure to mitigate effects of Canada Line", Georgia Straight, May 28, 2009.
    54. ↑ "Susan Heyes Inc. (Hazel & Co.) v. South Coast B.C. Transportation Authority", B.C. Court of Appeal, 2011 BCCA 77.
    55. ↑ "Vancouver's Canada Line starts up", National Post, August 17, 2009.
    56. ↑ "Gregor Robertson: Tolls could fix TransLink's money problems" Archived March 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, News 1130, September 18, 2009.
    57. ↑ "Sea-to-Sky toll pitched by Vancouver mayor", Vancouver Province, September 17, 2009.
    58. ↑ Jung, Angela (September 4, 2019). "Vancouver is the sixth most liveable city in the world, new report says". British Columbia. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
    59. ↑ "Ten years of bike lanes in Vancouver: Life goes on, chaos averted". vancouversun. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
    60. ↑ "Bike route construction closes Point Grey Road to traffic". Cbc.ca. January 19, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
    61. ↑ "Rights go out the window to create a seamless 2010 circus" Archived May 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Vancouver Sun, July 21, 2009.
    62. ↑ "City manager to lead Vancouver during Olympics", The Tyee, July 23, 2009.
    63. ↑ "Vancouver passes temporary Olympic Bylaws", CBC, July 24, 2009.
    64. ↑ "Tree cutting now requires special Vancouver permit". Cbc.ca. April 17, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
    65. 1 2 "Vancouver seeks charter change to borrow $458M for Olympic Village", CBC, January 12, 2009.
    66. ↑ "Legislation lets Vancouver borrow for Olympic village" Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The Daily News, January 19, 2009.
    67. ↑ "City gets its emergency borrowing bid" Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Vancouver Province, January 18, 2009.
    68. ↑ "Vancouver police arrest nearly 100 in riot". CBC.ca. CBC News. June 16, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    69. ↑ Boesvald, Sarah (June 18, 2011). "Vancouver Riot: Police made mistakes, says author report on 1994 mayhem". nationalpost.com. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
    70. ↑ "Vancouver police chief fires back at critic". CBC News. June 21, 2011.
    71. ↑ "Mayor Robertson did not read the 1994 Stanley Cup riot report". CKNW News. June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
    72. ↑ "Vancouver mayor ducking riot responsibility: rival". CBC News. June 20, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
    73. ↑ Tom Sandborn. "Robertson's Riot, Suzanne's Scabs sure to be election slogans". Vancouver Courier. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
    74. ↑ "Robertson's Riot report ignores critical issue of political accountability". Citycaucus.com. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
    75. ↑ "It's Robertson's Riot". Citycaucus.com. Archived from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
    76. ↑ "City of Vancouver formally declares city is on unceded Aboriginal territory". Global News. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    77. ↑ "Vancouver mayor, First Nations fight Trans Mountain pipeline in Ottawa". The Globe and Mail. June 7, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    78. ↑ Gilpin, Emilee; Ruffolo, Michael (November 8, 2018). "WATCH: Gregor Robertson muses over 'City of Reconciliation'". Canada's National Observer. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    79. ↑ "Tens of thousands join Vancouver Walk for Reconciliation across Georgia Viaduct". The Georgia Straight. September 24, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    80. ↑ Ruffolo, Michael; Gilpin, Emilee (November 8, 2018). "WATCH: Gregor Robertson muses over 'City of Reconciliation'". Canada's National Observer. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
    81. ↑ "City of Vancouver makes record investment in child care". The Vancouver Observer. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    82. ↑ "City of Vancouver says they've met target of 500 new childcare spaces". Global News. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    83. ↑ "1,000 new childcare spaces will open in Vancouver by 2021". Daily Hive. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    84. ↑ "Vancouver mayor calls for drug decriminalization after record year for opioid overdoses". The Globe and Mail. March 28, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    85. ↑ Rogers, Kaleigh (May 9, 2017). "Safe Injection Sites Weren't Enough to Spare Vancouver from the Opioid Epidemic". Vice. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    86. ↑ "Former Vancouver mayor Gregor Robertson takes job at Nexii Building Solutions". The Globe and Mail. January 21, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    87. ↑ Mckenzie, Ryan; Hinton, Kevin. "Vancouver's Nexii Building Solutions becomes fastest-ever Canadian unicorn". BCBusiness. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
    88. ↑ Macon, Alexandra. "This Couple Said Their Vows Beneath the Largest Maple Tree in the Forests of Canada". Vogue. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
    89. ↑ "'Avalanche of anti-Asian hate' after Vogue feature on former Vancouver mayor's wedding". vancouver.citynews.ca. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
    90. ↑ "'We've been suppressing our rage for decades': How the Atlanta killings — then the backlash to her own wedding — moved Eileen Park to speak out against racism". The Star. March 23, 2021. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
    91. ↑ Amy Robertson: athlete, artist, and, (since you asked), mayor's wife Archived July 10, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
    92. ↑ "Gregor Robertson's foster son surrenders to police". Cbc.ca. January 5, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
    93. ↑ "Gregor Robertson, mayor of Vancouver, and wife to separate". Cbc.ca. July 5, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
    94. ↑ "Mayor Robertson, Wanting Qu exchange Valentines Day wishes on Weibo". Vancouver Sun. February 17, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
    95. ↑ Rankin, Eric. "Mother of Vancouver mayor's girlfriend could face death penalty in China". CBC. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
    96. ↑ Vancouver Mayor Gregor Robertson, pop star Wanting Qu have broken up
    97. ↑ "NDP MLA Nicholas Simons strikes hardcore gold record". The Georgia Straight, September 3, 2009.
    98. ↑ "Vancouver mayor will downplay Bethune link on Chinese trade mission". The Globe and Mail. September 6, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
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