Greenleaf manzanita

Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Ericaceae
Genus: Arctostaphylos
Species:
A. patula
Binomial name
Arctostaphylos patula

Arctostaphylos patula is a species of manzanita known by the common name greenleaf manzanita. This manzanita is native to western North America where it grows in coniferous forests at moderate to high elevations.

Distribution

Arctostaphylos patula (Green leaf Manzanita) at the base of Black Butte a volcanic vent of Mount Shasta at an elevation of 3586 ft above sea level.

The distribution of Arctostaphylos patula is one of the most widespread of the manzanitas, spanning most of western North America. Its northern edge is in Washington state, eastern edge in Colorado, western edge the North American coast, and southernmost edge in Baja California, Mexico. It spans in elevation from about 1,500 to 12,000 feet.

Description

This shrub reaches between 1 and 2 meters in height. It is low to the ground with some of the lower branches rooting in the soil and others extending more outward than upward. The stems are twisting and reddish-brown in color, and shiny due to glandular secretion. The petioles may sometimes have clear-to-glandular hairs. The leaves are oval-shaped to nearly round, and flat, shiny, and smooth. They are 6 centimeters long and four wide at maximum.

The plentiful flowers are white to pink and urn-shaped, each with five small lobes at the mouth of the corolla, hanging in bunches. The fruits are dark brown drupes nearly a centimeter wide, each containing about five hard-coated seeds that can be fused. Seeds are primarily dispersed by seed-caching mammals,[2] and sometimes the fruits are consumed and dispersed by birds and medium-to-large mammals such as bears, coyotes, coatis, and foxes.[3] Seeds require fire[3] followed by cold conditions to germinate; seeds can remain dormant in soil for hundreds of years.

Greenleaf manzanitas in some areas, but not all, produce lignotubers, from which they can reproduce vegetatively.

Uses

Some Plateau Indian tribes drank a tea of greenleaf manzanita as a cathartic.[4]

It is also an important browse plant for deer.[3]

References

  1. ↑ "NatureServe Explorer - Arctostaphylos patula". NatureServe Explorer Arctostaphylos patula. NatureServe. 2022-05-30. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  2. ↑ Moore, Christopher M.; Vander Wall, Stephen B. (2015). "Scatter-hoarding rodents disperse seeds to safe sites in a fire-prone ecosystem". Plant Ecology. 216 (8): 1137–1153. doi:10.1007/s11258-015-0497-1. S2CID 18441745.
  3. 1 2 3 Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 425. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
  4. ↑ Hunn, Eugene S. (1990). Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land. University of Washington Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-295-97119-3.
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