Selby rail crash
An InterCity 225 Driving Van Trailer, similar to the one involved in the crash
Details
Date28 February 2001
06:13 GMT
LocationGreat Heck, Selby, North Yorkshire, England
Coordinates53°41′14″N 1°05′53″W / 53.68722°N 1.09806°W / 53.68722; -1.09806
CountryEngland
LineEast Coast Main Line
OperatorGreat North Eastern Railway
CauseObstruction on line
Statistics
Trains2
Deaths10
Injured82
List of UK rail accidents by year

The Selby rail crash (also known as the Great Heck Rail Crash) was a high-speed rail crash that occurred at Great Heck near Selby, North Yorkshire, England, on the morning of 28 February 2001.[1] An InterCity 225 passenger train operated by Great North Eastern Railway (GNER) travelling from Newcastle to London collided with a Land Rover Defender which had crashed down a motorway embankment onto the railway line. It was consequently derailed into the path of an oncoming freight train, colliding at an estimated closing speed of 142 mph (229 km/h). Ten people were killed, including the drivers of both trains, and 82 were seriously injured. It remains the worst rail disaster of the 21st century in the United Kingdom.

Events

The crash occurred at approximately 06:13 (GMT), when a Land Rover Defender, driven by 37-year-old Gary Hart and towing a loaded trailer (carrying a Renault Savanna estate car), left the carriageway of the westbound M62 motorway just before a bridge over the East Coast Main Line.[2] The vehicle travelled 30 yards (27 m) down an embankment and onto the southbound railway track.[3] After a failed attempt to reverse off the track, Hart exited the vehicle and called the emergency services using his mobile telephone. During the call, the Land Rover was hit by a southbound Great North Eastern Railway (GNER) InterCity 225 heading from Newcastle to London King's Cross.[4] The sound of the InterCity 225 colliding with the car was captured on Hart's 999 call; while the train sounded its horn upon the obstruction becoming visible, it was already too late for it to slow down.[5]

The InterCity 225 was propelled by a Class 91 locomotive, No.91023 and led by Driving Van Trailer (DVT) No.82221.[3] After striking the Land Rover, the leading bogie of the DVT derailed but the train stayed upright. Points to nearby sidings then deflected it into the path of an oncoming Freightliner freight train carrying coal[6] and travelling from Immingham to Ferrybridge, hauled by a Class 66 locomotive, No.66521.[7]

The freight train collided with the InterCity 225 approximately 2,106 feet (642 m) from the passenger train's impact with the Land Rover,[8] resulting in the near-total destruction of the lightweight DVT and moderate to severe damage to all nine of the InterCity 225's Mark 4 coaches, which mostly overturned and came to rest down an embankment to the east side of the track, in a field adjacent to the railway line just south of overbridge ECM 2/7.[9] The trailing locomotive was derailed, remained upright, and suffered minor damage. The Class 66 freight locomotive lost its bogies after impact, with debris from the DVT jammed underneath, rupturing its fuel tank.[9] It overturned onto its left side coming to rest in the garden of a residence adjacent to the line to the north of the bridge. The locomotive sustained major damage to its cab area and right side. The first nine wagons following it were derailed and damaged to varying extents.[10] Two wagons that left the line with the Class 66 locomotive flattened a caravan and garage on the grounds of the house all three came to rest in, but stopped short of striking the house itself.[11]

Immediately before the impact of the two trains, the speed of the InterCity 225 was estimated as 88 mph (142 km/h) and that of the freight train as 54 mph (87 km/h). With an estimated closing speed of 142 mph (229 km/h), the collision between the trains was the highest-speed railway incident that had occurred in the UK since the 1999 Ladbroke Grove crash.[12]

Outcome

Both train drivers, two additional train crew on board the InterCity 225, and six passengers were killed, all as a result of the collision involving the freight train.[13] Survivors of the crash included a train-driving instructor, Andrew Hill, who was travelling in the cab of 66521 and teaching a new route to the driver of the Class 66, a driver with 24 years of experience.

The coaches of the InterCity 225 were carrying 99 passengers and train staff.[14] The early morning 04:45 departure time from Newcastle resulted in reduced passenger numbers. As it was, 45 of the 52 seriously injured passengers, and all eight fatalities (excluding the two locomotive drivers) were travelling in the first five coaches, which included a restaurant car and two first class coaches with less densely packed seating than standard coaches.[14] In total 82 survivors were taken to hospital.[15] The official incident report praised the crashworthiness of the InterCity 225's Mark 4 coaches.[16]

An unusual aspect of the emergency response was the need to carry out disinfecting procedures at the scene because of the 2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak.[17]

Aftermath

A memorial to the Great Heck rail disaster

Locomotive No. 66526 has since been named "Driver Steve Dunn (George)", in memory of the Freightliner driver killed in the collision. It carries a plaque commemorating the disaster: "In remembrance of a dedicated engineman Driver Steve (George) Dunn was tragically killed in the accident at Great Heck on 28th February 2001".[18] Dunn's son James, who was nine at the time of the crash, later became a train driver.[19] Barry Needham, another Freightliner employee killed in the crash, was also commemorated by the naming of 56115 after him. The nameplates and plaques were transferred to 60087 and later to 60091. The locomotives mentioned above also carried an explanatory plaque.[20]

John Weddle, the GNER driver killed in the collision, was honoured by way of a new driver-training school in his home city of Newcastle, which was named after him. In a ceremony attended by members of his family, his 16-year-old daughter Stephanie unveiled a plaque dedicating the school to his memory.[21]

Coincidentally, No. 91023 had been involved in the Hatfield rail crash four months earlier.[22] The locomotive escaped with only slight damage on both occasions. Technical upgrade of the Class 91 fleet led to all locomotives having 100 added to their numbers (91001 became 91101, etc.), with the exception of 91023 being renumbered 91132, rather than 91123.[23] Nicknamed 'Lucky' as a result of its history, 91132 remained in service until 2021, when it was scrapped by Sims Metals Scrapyard in Nottingham.[24]

A memorial was created at the point where the carriages came to rest at 53°40′53″N 1°05′55″W / 53.6815°N 1.0986°W / 53.6815; -1.0986.

Hart, who escaped the incident unscathed, was later tried at Leeds Crown Court on ten counts of causing death by dangerous driving.[25] He denied the charges, claiming that his car had suffered a mechanical fault or had collided with an object on the road.[26] Although he had witnessed his Land Rover being struck by the intercity train, he claimed to have been unaware of the further collision involving the freight train until he was informed later by police.[27]

An investigation, including reconstruction of the Land Rover to demonstrate that it was not mechanically defective, concluded that Hart had been driving in a sleep-deprived condition, and had not applied the brakes as his vehicle travelled down the embankment. It later transpired that Hart had stayed up the previous night talking on the telephone to a woman he had met through an internet dating agency.[28][27]

Hart was found guilty on 13 December 2001, and was sentenced to five years in prison and a five-year driving ban. He was released from prison in July 2004 after serving half of his sentence.[29]

Campaigners drew attention to what they said was the inadequate length of the crash barriers alongside the motorway.[30] According to the Health and Safety Executive's final report, the Land Rover had left the road 30 yards before the barrier started and had easily broken through the simple wooden fence that lined the track.[31] A 2003 Highways Agency review of crash barriers on bridges over railways concluded that only three bridges nationwide were in need of upgrading. The bridge at Great Heck was not one of them. By October 2003 Hart's insurers had paid out over £22 million.[32] Gary Hart's insurers, through Hart's name, sued the Department for Transport for a contribution to the damages paid to GNER and the victims, alleging a degree of causation on the grounds that the safety barrier was inadequate (contributory negligence).[33] The High Court judge ruled that the barrier length had been reasonable and there was no negligence.[34]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Hart guilty of Selby rail crash deaths". The Telegraph. 13 December 2001. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  2. ↑ HSE 2002, pp. 9–10.
  3. 1 2 RM April 2001, p. 4.
  4. ↑ HSE 2002, p. 10.
  5. ↑ "Transcript of Gary Hart's call to the emergency operator | Selby train crash". The Guardian.
  6. ↑ "Respects paid on anniversary of Great Heck crash". The Yorkshire Post. 28 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  7. ↑ Piggott, Nick, ed. (July 2001). "Freightliner orders 17 more 66's". The Railway Magazine. Vol. 147, no. 1,203. London: IPC Media. p. 5. ISSN 0033-8923.
  8. ↑ HSE 2002, p. 11.
  9. 1 2 HSE 2002, p. 15.
  10. ↑ HSE 2002, p. 27.
  11. ↑ "Selby rail crash: Disaster remembered 20 years on". BBC News. 28 February 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  12. ↑ Wainwright, Martin (5 December 2002). "Rail crash inquiry calls for monitors". Guardian Unlimited. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  13. ↑ "Selby rail crash car driver Gary Hart blames 'fate'" Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 28 February 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2014
  14. 1 2 HSE 2002, p. 24.
  15. ↑ HSE 2002, p. 5.
  16. ↑ HSE 2002, p. 35.
  17. ↑ HSE 2002, p. 33.
  18. ↑ Marsden, Colin (November 2001). "Freightliner honours Great Heck driver...and twins with Enron". The Railway Magazine. Vol. 147, no. 1,207. London: IPC Media. p. 65. ISSN 0033-8923.
  19. ↑ "Courage of families praised at Great Heck memorial service". The York Press. 28 February 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  20. ↑ Dingle, Geoffrey. "60087 at Stafford". Railway Herald. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  21. ↑ "Selby rail driver honoured". BBC News. 10 July 2002. Archived from the original on 30 July 2004. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  22. ↑ RM April 2001, p. 7.
  23. ↑ Piggott, Nick, ed. (March 2002). "Twin crash loco's new identity". The Railway Magazine. Vol. 148, no. 1,211. London: IPC Media. p. 34. ISSN 0033-8923.
  24. ↑ "First LNER Class 91 locomotive set to be scrapped in Nottingham". RailAdvent. 19 March 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  25. ↑ "Selby rail crash car driver Gary Hart blames 'fate'". BBC News. 28 February 2011. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  26. ↑ "Selby crash motorist receives five year sentence". The Guardian. January 2002. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  27. 1 2 "Selby driver tells of death threats". BBC News. 6 December 2001. Archived from the original on 27 July 2004. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
  28. ↑ "Crash driver's marathon phone chats". BBC News. 13 December 2001. Archived from the original on 17 November 2005. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  29. ↑ "Selby crash driver's jail release". BBC News. 12 July 2004. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  30. ↑ "Call to boost barrier safety". BBC News. 13 December 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2004. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  31. ↑ HSE 2002, p. 30.
  32. ↑ "Selby insurer's compensation claim". BBC News. 7 October 2003. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  33. ↑ "Insurer loses Selby rail crash claim". The Telegraph. 30 October 2003. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  34. ↑ GNER v Hart, [2003] EWHC 2450 (QB) (30 October 2003).

Sources

  • Piggott, Nick; Mardsen, Colin; Milner, Chris; Longman, Jon (April 2001). "13[sic] Killed in ECML disaster at Heck". The Railway Magazine. Vol. 147, no. 1,200. London, UK: IPC magazines. ISSN 0033-8923.
  • The track obstruction by a road vehicle and subsequent train collisions at Great Heck 28 February 2001 (Report). Health and Safety Executive. February 2002. ISBN 0-7176-2163-4.
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