Edinburgh Castle
The Governor of Edinburgh Castle, also sometimes known as the Keeper or Captain, had overall control of the Royal castle of Edinburgh, Scotland. The Governor was usually assisted by a Deputy-Governor and a Constable, the latter being under the command of the Lord High Constable of Scotland. The Governor had lodgings within the Castle, with a Governor's House being built in 1742. Although the post was never formally abolished, Governors ceased to be appointed after the death in 1876 of Henry Dundas, 3rd Viscount Melville.
The office was revived in 1936 as an honorary title for the General Officer Commanding of Scottish Command.[1] However, since 2015, this is no longer the case, with General Officer, Scotland and Governor of Edinburgh Castle being two separate appointments.
Governors of Edinburgh Castle
George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, Governor from 1714 to 1737
John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, Governor from 1763 to 1782
Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton, Governor from 1782 to 1796
- After 1067 (d. 1121): Bartolf Leslie[2][3][4][5][6][7]
- 1107-?: Thomas de Cancia[8]
- 1153–1165: Geoffrey de Melville[8][9]
- 1165–1214: Reginald[9]
- 1171–1177: Rodbert[9]
- 1230–1231: Philip de Mowbray, Constable[9]
- 1251-?: Walter Comyn, Earl of Menteith (died 1258)[8][10]
- Dates unknown William, Constable[8]
- 1263-?: William de Lysuris[8]
- 1278–1292: William de Kinghorn[8][9]
- Dates unknown William Clerk[8]
The castle was in English hands from 1291 to 1314, during the Wars of Scottish Independence.
- 1291–1296: Sir Ralph Basset de Drayton, English governor [8][11]
- 1296–1298: Sir Walter de Huntercombe, English governor [8][11]
- 1298-?: Sir John de Kingston, English governor - Captain and Constable[8][11]
- 1300-?: William de Rue, English governor[8]
- 1310–1314: Sir Piers de Lombard, English governor (from Gascony)[8][12]
Following the Castle's recapture by the Scots under Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray in 1314, it was slighted and unused until the English returned in 1333.
- 1334-?: Sir John de Kingston, English governor[8]
- 1336-?: Sir John Strivelyne, English governor[8]
- 1337-?: Thomas Kynton, English captain and marshal, assassinated[8]
- 1340–1341: Sir Thomas de Rokeby, English governor [8][11]
The castle was again recaptured by the Scots under Sir William Douglas in 1341.
- ...
- 1346: Sir David Lindsay, 6th Lord of Crawford [13]
- 1350-?: Sir Robert Erskine of Alva [11]
- 1360-?: John MacDonald, Lord of the Isles[14]
- 1360(?)–1364: Archibald the Grim
- ...
- c.1375–1382 Sir John Lyon[15]
- ...
- c.1400: David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay[11]
- ...
- 1420: Sir William Borthwick 'the younger', 2nd of Borthwick [14]
- 1425 – 1433: Sir Robert de Lawedre [Lauder] of The Bass, Knt.[16]
- 1437 – 1445: Sir William Crichton, Knt.[17]
- 1447: Patrick Cockburn of Clerkington, Haddingtonshire.[18]
- 1460: Sir John Cockburn, Knight of Ormiston
- 1466: Sir Alexander Boyd [19]
- ...
- 1488-?: Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell[20]
- ...
- c.1515-after 1524: James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran[21]
- ...
- 1544–1548: James Hamilton of Stenhouse[22]
- 1548 - 1554 William Hamilton of Sanquhar.[23]
- c.1559 – 19 March 1566: John Erskine, 6th Lord Erskine[24]
- 1566–1567:James Cockburn of Skirling [25]
- 1567–1568:Sir James Balfour of Pittendreich[25]
- 1568–1573: Sir William Kirkcaldy of Grange, defended the castle for Mary, Queen of Scots, during the "Lang Siege"[26]
- 1574-?: George Douglas of Parkhead[27]
- 28 March 1579 – ?: Sir Alexander Erskine of Gogar[28]
- 1584: James Stewart, Earl of Arran[29]
- ...
- ?-1591: Sir James Hume, Captain.[30]
- 1600?: Andrew Stewart, 3rd Lord Ochiltree
- ...
- 1615–1638: John Erskine, Earl of Mar
- 1638-?: John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino[29]
- 1639–1640: Sir Patrick Ruthven[31][32]
- 1641-?: Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven[33]
- 1645-?: Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres
- 1648: James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton[34]
- 1650: Colonel Walter Dundas of Dundas [35]
- 1650: George Fenwick, appointed by Oliver Cromwell following his capture of the Castle [36]
- 1651–1652: Major-General Robert Overton, appointed by Cromwell
- ...
- 1661-?: John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton
- 1663-?: John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale[37]
- 1664: Colonel James Murray [38]
- ...
- 1682–1686: William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry[37]
- 1686–1689: George Gordon, 1st Duke of Gordon, defended the castle for the exiled James VII[37]
- 1689–1702: David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven[39]
- 1702–1704: William Douglas, 1st Earl of March
- 1705-1712: David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven
- 1712–1714: John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll[40]
- 1714–1737: General George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney[41]
- 1737–1738: Charles Douglas, 2nd Earl of Selkirk
- 1738: George Ross, 13th Lord Ross[42]
- 1738–1745: Lieutenant-General Sir James Campbell of Lawers [43]
- 1745–1752: General Lord Mark Kerr[44]
- 1752–1763: Lieutenant General Humphry Bland[45]
- 1763–1782: General John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun[46]
- 1782–1796: General Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton[46]
- 1796–1801: General Lord Adam Gordon[47]
- 1801–1827: General Sir Robert Abercromby[48]
- 1827–1836: General George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon[49]
- 1836–1837: General Hon. Patrick Stuart[50]
- 1837–1842: General Lord Greenock[51]
- 1842–1847: Lieutenant-General Sir Neil Douglas[52]
- 1847–1852: General Sir Henry Riddell[53]
- 1852–1854: General Sir Thomas Napier[54]
- vacant; Melville appointed retroactive to 1855
- 1860–1876: General Henry Dundas, 3rd Viscount Melville[55]
Modern governors
General Sir Neil Ritchie, Governor from 1945 to 1947
- 1936–1937: General Sir Archibald Cameron of Lochiel[56]
- 1937–1940: General Sir Charles Grant[57]
- 1940–1941: Lieutenant-General Harold Carrington[58]
- 1941–1945: Lieutenant-General Andrew Thorne
- 1945–1947: General Sir Neil Ritchie
- 1947–1949: Lieutenant-General Sir Philip Christison[59]
- 1949–1952: Lieutenant-General Sir Gordon MacMillan[60]
- 1952–1955: Lieutenant-General Sir Colin Barber[61]
- 1955–1958: Lieutenant-General Sir Horatius Murray
- 1958–1961: Lieutenant-General Sir George Collingwood[62]
- 1961–1964: Lieutenant-General Sir William Turner[63]
- 1964–1966: Lieutenant-General Sir George Gordon-Lennox[64]
- 1966–1969: Lieutenant-General Derek Lang[65]
- 1969–1972: Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Leask[66]
- 1972–1976: Lieutenant-General Sir Chandos Blair
- 1976–1979: Lieutenant-General Sir David Scott-Barrett[67]
- 1979–1980: General Sir Michael Gow
- 1980–1982: Lieutenant-General Sir David Young[68]
- 1982–1985: Lieutenant-General Sir Alexander Boswell
- 1985–1988 Lieutenant-General Sir Norman Arthur[69]
- 1988–1991: Lieutenant-General Sir John MacMillan
- 1991–1993: Lieutenant-General Sir Peter Graham
- 1993–1995: Major-General Michael Scott[70]
- 1995–1997: Major-General Jonathan Hall[71]
- 1997–2000: Major-General Mark Strudwick[72]
- 3 April 2000 – 17 November 2002: Major-General Robert Gordon[73]
- 18 November 2002 – 8 July 2004: Major-General Sir Nicholas Parker[74]
- 9 July 2004 – 21 January 2007: Major-General Euan Loudon[75]
- 22 January 2007 – 19 June 2009: Major-General David McDowall[76]
- 19 June 2009 – 25 October 2009: Major-General Andrew Mackay[77]
- 26 October 2009 – 4 January 2012: Major-General David Shaw[78]
- 4 January 2012 – 20 October 2015: Major-General Nick Eeles[79]
- 20 October 2015–June 2019: Major-General Michael Riddell-Webster[80]
- June 2019–present: Major-General Alastair Bruce of Crionaich
Notes
- ↑ "No. 34268". The London Gazette. 27 March 1936. p. 1974.
- ↑ "The British compendium; or, Rudiments of honour: Containing the origin of the Scots, and succession of their kings for above 2000 years;". 1741.
- ↑ Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 194 – 195.
- ↑ Davidson, John (1878). Inverurie and the Earldom of the Garioch.
- ↑ The Annual Biography and Obituary for the Year ... 1818.
- ↑ Timbs, John (1822). A Picturesque Promenade Round Dorking, in Surrey.
- ↑ Salmon, Nathaniel (1759). A Short View of the Families of the Scottish Nobility.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Grant, Memorials of the Castle of Edinburgh, p. 280
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Appendix: Governors and officers of the Castle | British History Online". British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ Gray, p.29
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gray, p. 31
- ↑ Gray, p. 29
- ↑ Paul, vol.3: p.10
- 1 2 Paul, vol.5: p.38
- ↑ Balfour Paul, vol VIII, p.263
- ↑ "His name with these dates appears on the board listing Governors in The Great Hall of Edinburgh Castle".
- ↑ Cockayne, G.E., edited by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs & H. Arthur Doubleday, The Complete Peerage, vol.iii, London, 1913, p.537-8 & notes.
- ↑ Cockburn-Hood, Thomas H.,The House of Cockburn of that Ilk and Cadets Thereof,Edinburgh, 1888, pps:257-9.
- ↑ Paul, vol.2: p.95
- ↑ Gray, p.34
- ↑ Gray, p.35
- ↑ Anderson, pp383-384
- ↑ James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland: 1546-1551, vol. 9, (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 433.
- ↑ Paul, vol.5: pp.612–615
- 1 2 Gray, p.36
- ↑ Gray, p.38
- ↑ Gray, p.47
- ↑ Paul, vol. 5: pp. 81–82: HMC 60, Mar & Kellie, supplement (London, 1930), p. 32.
- 1 2 Gray, p.48
- ↑ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 671.
- ↑ Gray, pp.49–50
- ↑ "Patrick Ruthven".
- ↑ Paul, vol.5: pp.81–82
- ↑ Gray, p.50
- ↑ Gray, p.53
- ↑ Gray, p.57
- 1 2 3 Gray, p.58
- ↑ Paul, vol.3: p.401
- ↑ "No. 2486". The London Gazette. 9 September 1689. p. 2.
- ↑ Paul, vol.1: p.372
- ↑ Gray, p.65
- ↑ Paul, vol.7: p.261
- ↑ Gray, p.67
- ↑ "No. 8453". The London Gazette. 27 July 1745. p. 2.
- ↑ Gray, p.74
- 1 2 Gray, p.75
- ↑ "No. 13948". The London Gazette. 5 November 1796. p. 1062.
- ↑ "No. 15400". The London Gazette. 22 August 1801. p. 1035.
- ↑ "No. 18415". The London Gazette. 16 November 1827. p. 2361.
- ↑ "No. 19398". The London Gazette. 8 July 1836. p. 1249.
- ↑ "No. 19467". The London Gazette. 17 February 1837. p. 377.
- ↑ "No. 20095". The London Gazette. 29 April 1842. p. 1172.
- ↑ "No. 20711". The London Gazette. 5 March 1847. p. 918.
- ↑ "Thomas Ernest Napier". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- ↑ "No. 22349". The London Gazette. 24 January 1860. p. 10.
- ↑ "Cameron, Sir Archibald Rice (1870–1944), General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Papers of Gen Sir Charles John Cecil Grant, KCB, KCVO, DSO (1877–1950)". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Carrington, Sir (Robert) Harold (1882–1964), Lieutenant General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Christison, Sir (Alexander Frank) Philip (1893–1993), General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "MacMillan of MacMillan, Sir Gordon Holmes Alexander (1897–1986), General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Barber, Sir Colin Muir (1897–1964), Lieutenant General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Collingwood, Sir (Richard) George (1903–1986), Lieutenant General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Turner, Sir William Francis Robert (1907–1989), Lieutenant General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Lennox, Sir George (Charles) Gordon (1908–1988), Lieutenant General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ "Lang, Sir Derek (Boileau) (b 1913), Lieutenant General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Leask, Sir Henry (Lowther Ewart Clark) (born 1913), Lieutenant General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Barrett, Sir David (William) Scott- (born 1922), Lieutenant General". Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900–1975. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ↑ "Lt-Gen Sir David Young". Glasgow Herald. 18 January 2000. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ "Lt. General Sir Norman Arthur". Frost's Scottish Who's Who. Archived from the original on 19 June 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ "Major-General Michael Scott". Buckingham Covers. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ "Old soldier takes castle by storm". Glasgow Herald. 29 November 1997. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ "Debrett's People of Today". Debrett. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ "No. 55778". The London Gazette. 1 March 2000. p. 2333.
- ↑ "No. 56828". The London Gazette. 24 January 2003. p. 927.
- ↑ "No. 57442". The London Gazette. 19 October 2004. p. 13163.
- ↑ "No. 58330". The London Gazette. 18 May 2007. p. 7193.
- ↑ "Army Officer becomes Governor of Edinburgh Castle". Ministry of Defence. 22 June 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
- ↑ "New Scots Army Chief takes up post". STV. 26 October 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
- ↑ "Scotland's Army Head installed as Edinburgh Castle Governor". Ministry of Defence. 30 March 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ↑ "The highest ranking Army Reservist has been installed as Governor of Edinburgh Castle". Ministry of Defence. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
Bibliography
- Gray, W. Forbes (1948). A Short History of Edinburgh Castle. Edinburgh: Moray Press.
- Paul, Sir James Balfour (1904). The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: David Douglas.
- Anderson, John (1825). Historical and genealogical memoirs of the House of Hamilton. Edinburgh.
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