Kanggye
강계시
Municipal City
Korean transcription(s)
 • Chosŏn'gŭl강계시
 • Hancha江界市
 • McCune-ReischauerKanggye-si
 • Revised RomanizationGanggye-si
Remote village in Kanggye City
Remote village in Kanggye City
Map of Chagang showing the location of Kanggye
Map of Chagang showing the location of Kanggye
Kanggye is located in North Korea
Kanggye
Kanggye
Location within North Korea
Coordinates: 40°58′N 126°36′E / 40.967°N 126.600°E / 40.967; 126.600
Country North Korea
ProvinceChagang Province
Administrative divisions34 dong, 2 ri
Area
 • Total263.667 km2 (101.802 sq mi)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total251,971
 • Dialect
P'yŏngan
Time zoneUTC+9 (Pyongyang Time)

Kanggye (Korean: 강계시; Korean pronunciation: [kɐŋ.ɡje]) is the provincial capital of Chagang, North Korea and has a population of 251,971. Because of its strategic importance, derived from its topography, it has been of military interest from the time of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

History

In December 1949, Kanggye-myon was promoted to Kanggye-si.[1]

During the Korean War, after being driven from Pyongyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved the capital to Kanggye after first moving temporarily to Sinuiju.[2][3] The city was firebombed in November 1950 on American general Douglas MacArthur's orders after the Chinese People's Volunteer Army turned the course of the war; at least 65% of the city was destroyed.[4] The following month Kim presided over a plenum of the cabinet at Kanggye, where he assigned blame for what he claimed were military failures during the losing phase of the war.[5]

Kanggye spirit

Workers' Party general secretary Kim Jong-il toured facilities at Kanggye and the surrounding area in January 1998 amid the North Korean famine. Impressed by the people's success in building minor power stations and improving factories despite hardships, he urged other provinces to emulate the "Kanggye spirit(강계정신)."[6]

Geography

Kanggye gets its name, "river junction," from the Changja River, which flows through the city, and two tributaries. The city is located in a basin, and is hence surrounded by mountains. The main mountain ranges are the Nangnim and Gangnam.[7]

Climate

Kanggye has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dwa).

Climate data for Kanggye (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −4.9
(23.2)		 0.2
(32.4)		 7.5
(45.5)		 16.4
(61.5)		 23.2
(73.8)		 27.5
(81.5)		 29.4
(84.9)		 28.7
(83.7)		 24.1
(75.4)		 16.5
(61.7)		 5.8
(42.4)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 14.3
(57.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.6
(9.3)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 0.8
(33.4)		 9.2
(48.6)		 15.9
(60.6)		 20.5
(68.9)		 23.7
(74.7)		 22.8
(73.0)		 16.8
(62.2)		 8.8
(47.8)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 −9.5
(14.9)		 7.4
(45.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −18.4
(−1.1)		 −13.8
(7.2)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 2.7
(36.9)		 9.4
(48.9)		 15.1
(59.2)		 19.4
(66.9)		 18.5
(65.3)		 11.3
(52.3)		 2.9
(37.2)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 −14.8
(5.4)		 1.9
(35.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.1
(0.40)		 11.9
(0.47)		 21.1
(0.83)		 41.8
(1.65)		 74.4
(2.93)		 113.3
(4.46)		 206.9
(8.15)		 168.1
(6.62)		 73.0
(2.87)		 44.5
(1.75)		 31.8
(1.25)		 15.6
(0.61)		 812.5
(31.99)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 4.8 4.3 5.8 7.6 10.2 12.6 14.1 12.2 6.9 6.9 7.0 6.5 98.9
Average snowy days 7.8 6.5 6.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 5.9 9.7 38.9
Average relative humidity (%) 78.3 73.6 68.6 65.3 68.4 74.7 79.2 80.3 77.3 73.8 77.0 78.6 74.6
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[8]

Administrative divisions

Kanggye is divided into 34 tong (neighbourhoods) and two ri (villages):[1]

  • Changja-dong 장자동(將子洞)
  • Ch'ungsŏng-dong 충성동(忠誠洞)
  • Hyangro-dong 향로동(香爐洞)
  • Hŭngju-dong 흥주동(興洲洞)
  • Kangsŏ-dong 강서동(江西洞)
  • Koyŏng 1-dong 고영1동(古營一洞)
  • Koyŏng 2-dong 고영2동(古營二洞)
  • Konggwi-dong 공귀동(公貴洞)
  • Kong'in-dong 공인동(公仁洞)
  • Mansu-dong 만수동(萬壽洞)
  • Nammun-dong 남문동(南門洞)
  • Namsan-dong 남산동(南山洞)
  • Ryu-dong 류동(柳洞)
  • Sinmun-dong 신문동(新門洞)
  • Sŏsan-dong 서산동(西山洞)
  • Sŏkcho-dong 석조동(石造洞)
  • Sŏkhyŏn-dong 석현동(石峴洞)
  • Such'im-dong 수침동(水砧洞)
  • Taeŭng-dong 대응동(大應洞)
  • Tŏksan-dong 독산동(獨山洞)
  • Tongbu-dong 동부동(東部洞)
  • Tongmun-dong 동문동(東門洞)
  • Ŭijin-dong 의진동(義眞洞)
  • Ŭnjŏng-dong 은정동(恩情洞)
  • Oeryong-dong 외룡동(外龍洞)
  • Puch'ang-dong 부창동(府倉洞)
  • Pukmun-dong 북문동(北門洞)
  • Rodongja-dong 로동자동(勞動者洞)
  • Yŏnp'ung-dong 연풍동(淵豊洞)
  • Yŏnsŏk-dong 연석동(煙石洞)
  • Sinhŭng-ri 신흥리(新興里)
  • Tuhŭng-ri 두흥리(斗興里)
  • Yahak-tong 야학동(野鶴洞)
  • Yŏnju-dong 연주동(煙州洞)
  • Namch'ŏn-dong 남천동(南川洞)
  • Naeryong-dong 내룡동(內龍洞)

Transportation

Kanggye is a transportation hub, connected to other cities by road, rail and air. It lies at the junction of the Kanggye and Manp'o Lines. Commuter trains run on the Manpo line between Kanggye and Ssangbangdong stations. In addition, highways connect it to Pyongyang and other locations, with the road network of Chagang province being centered on the city. The city is located near a military and civilian dual-purpose air station.[9]

Kanggye has a trolleybus (무궤도전차) system, opened on April 17, 1992, with one 12 km line running from Changja-dong to Kong'in-dong, following the embankment of the Changja and Puchon rivers. Up until 2009 it had 6 full length and 2 medium trolleybuses; in the 2010s 5 full length and 1 medium trolleybus remained. In 2020, the northern loop was built into a small depot.[10]

Broadcasting

A local radio station called "Kanggye Broadcasting (Korean: 강계방송)", originally founded in 1947 as a local broadcasting station for North Pyongan Province, which later became a local broadcasting station for Chagang Province in 1949. It is operated by the Chagang Province Broadcasting Committee (Korean: 자강도 방송위원회). It airs programs that cover topics such as ideological education or local weather information.[11]

Culture

Kanggye University of Education, Kanggye University of Technology, and the Kanggye University of Medicine are located in the city.

Places of tourist interest include Inphung Pavilion and Mount Ryonhwa. Tourist attractions have been developed to show the mountainous nature of the city.

The city has more than 50 various medical centres including an oral care and a maternity hospital.[12]

Economy

From 1945, the manufacturing industry developed rapidly.

Kanggye has a mining industry producing copper, zinc ore, coal and graphite.

Kanggye hosts one of the main timber processing factories of Chagang province and North Korea. The city has various light industry along with production of construction, electrical and precision machinery. The pencils produced, which are also exported, have 'national significance'. The city also has agricultural, fruit, vegetable and livestock production.[13]

Electricity production

The city has a large number of hydropower plants due to its location near a number of rivers. The first hydropower station in a series of them is called Hungju No.1 Youth Power Station, is located 3.5 km north of Kanggye. It is supported by the Ryongrim dam, which does not have a power station attached to it.[14] This allows a careful management of the water level to ensure efficient operation.[15] This is followed by the Hungju Youth Power Station No. 2 and 3. No.2 was completed in 2007 and No.3 was completed by February 2019, fitted with three generator turbines.[14]

There are also a series of four small scale hydropower plants on the Pukchon river.[16]

Kanggye Timber Processing Factory

Kanggye Timber Processing Factory(강계목재가공공장) is a small state-run factory located in Kanggye City. At the start of operations, it produced only two kinds of furniture (dining tables and sterilized chopsticks) through manual labour. Over time it has developed into a comprehensive modernized furniture producer, producing woodwork with a hundred and dozens of modern facilities in production.

Amongst machinery in use are three- and four-faced automatic planes, all-purpose polishers, joining machines, and grooving saws.

Meanwhile, the factory has directed an effort into the programme of modernizing the drying job, which is an important part of the woodworking process. By making technical innovations (such as replacing a boiler-induced drying process drying ovens and using fuels other than coal) the factory increased production and lowered manpower.[17]

No.26 General Plant

The No.26 factory is the largest underground military facility in Korea. The plant manufactures ammunition which has been exported to Libya, Syria, Iran, Iraq and Egypt. It employs more than 20,000 workers and can produce 126,000 mortar rounds and 1.76 million rounds of rifle ammunition per year. On November 30, 1991, up to a thousand people were allegedly killed after a massive explosion at the plant.[18] South Korean sources put the number of fatalities at six times that amount or more based on the claims of survivors of the incident.[19]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  2. ↑ Mossman, Billy (June 29, 2005). United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951. University Press of the Pacific. p. 51.
  3. ↑ Sandler, Stanley (1999). The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 108.
  4. ↑ Barros, Andrew and Martin Thomas (2018) The Civilianization of War
  5. ↑ Song, Wojun and Joseph Wright (2018) "The North Korean Autocracy in Comparative Perspective" Journal of East Asian Studies 20:2
  6. ↑ Gabroussenko, Tatiana (Fall 2008) "Calls for Self-Sacrifice in North Korean Creative Writing in the Late 1900s to 2000s." Journal of Korean Studies 13:1
  7. ↑ "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  8. ↑ "30 years report of Meteorological Observations in North Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. pp. 204, 276, and 343. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  10. ↑ "Kanggye". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
  11. ↑ "강계방송". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  12. ↑ "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  13. ↑ "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  14. 1 2 "North Korea's Hydroelectric Power – Part II | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea". 38 North. 2019-08-29. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  15. ↑ "《조선의 오늘》". dprktoday.com. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  16. ↑ "《조선의 오늘》". dprktoday.com. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  17. ↑ "[탐방] 목재가구공장". 통일신문.
  18. ↑ "The Kanggye explosion: a man-made disaster in North Korea - North Korea News". NK News. 12 January 2018.
  19. ↑ "Remembering the Kanggye Tractor Factory incident of 1991". DailyNK.com / Unification Media Group. 13 February 2020.

Further reading

  • Dormels, Rainer. North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang, 2014. ISBN 978-89-6297-167-5
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