Sony's PlayStation 2 is the best-selling game system overall with over 155 million units worldwide.[1]

A home video game console is a standardized computing device tailored for video gaming that requires a computer monitor or television set as an output.[2] Video game consoles usually[2] weigh between 2 and 9 pounds (1–4 kg) on average,[3] and their compact size allows them to be easily used in a variety of locations, making them portable.[3] Handheld controllers are commonly used as input devices. Video game consoles may use one or more data storage devices, such as hard disk drives, optical discs, and memory cards for downloaded content.[3] Dedicated consoles are a subset of game consoles that are only able to play built-in games.[4][5] Video game consoles in general are also described as "dedicated" in distinction from the more versatile personal computer and other consumer electronics.[6][7][8] Sanders Associates engineer Ralph H. Baer along with company employees Bill Harrison and Bill Rusch licensed their television gaming technology to contemporary major TV manufacturer Magnavox. This resulted in the 1972 release of the Magnavox Odyssey—the first commercially available video game console.[9]

A handheld game console is a lightweight device with a built-in screen, controls, speakers,[10] and has greater portability than a standard video game console.[3] It is capable of playing multiple games unlike tabletop and handheld electronic game devices. Tabletop and handheld electronic game devices of the 1970s and early 1980s are the precursors of handheld game consoles.[11] Mattel introduced the first handheld electronic game with the 1977 release of Auto Race.[12] Later, several companies—including Coleco and Milton Bradley—made their own single-game, lightweight tabletop or handheld electronic game devices.[13] The oldest handheld game console with interchangeable cartridges is the Milton Bradley Microvision from 1979.[14] Nintendo is credited with popularizing the handheld console concept with the Game Boy's release in 1989[11] and continued to dominate the handheld console market into the early 2000s.[15][16]

Best-selling game consoles

The Game Boy (combined with the Game Boy Color) was the first console to sell over 100 million units, selling 118.69 million units worldwide. It popularised the handheld gaming market.
The Nintendo DS product line are the best-selling handheld consoles, selling 154.02 million units worldwide. The original DS sold 18.79 million units. The majority of sales came from the DS Lite at 93.86 million units.[17]
Latter two members of the DS product line, the DSi and DSi XL, helped to further drive sales by moving 41.37 million units combined.[17]
The Nintendo Switch, the PlayStation 4, the original PlayStation and the Wii are the only other home consoles to join the PlayStation 2 in surpassing 100 million units sold.
The first popular home console, the Atari 2600 (1980 version pictured), was released in 1977.[18]
Sony's PlayStation Portable signified the company's debut in the handheld market. Forbes editor Penelope Patsuris noted "The competition marks the first time that a company with real clout has challenged the lock that Nintendo has had on handheld gaming for 15 years."[15]

The following table contains video game consoles that have sold at least 1 million units worldwide either through to consumers or inside retail channels. Each console include sales from every iteration unless otherwise noted. The years correspond to when the home or handheld game console was first released (excluding test markets).

  # Background shading indicates consoles currently on the market.
Million-selling game consoles
Platform Type Firm Released[2] Units sold Ref.
PlayStation 2 Home Sony 2000 >155 million [note 1]
Nintendo DS Handheld Nintendo 2004 154.02 million [32]
Nintendo Switch # Hybrid Nintendo 2017 132.46 million [32][note 2]
Game Boy & Game Boy Color Handheld Nintendo 1989, 1998 118.69 million [32][note 3]
PlayStation 4 # Home Sony 2013 117.2 million [34]
PlayStation Home Sony 1994 102.49 million [35]
Wii Home Nintendo 2006 101.63 million [32]
PlayStation 3 Home Sony 2006 >87.4 million [note 1]
Xbox 360 Home Microsoft 2005 >84 million [note 4]
Game Boy Advance Handheld Nintendo 2001 81.51 million [32]
PlayStation Portable Handheld Sony 2004 80–82 million (estimate) [note 1]
Nintendo 3DS Handheld Nintendo 2011 75.94 million [32]
NES/Famicom Home Nintendo 1983 61.91 million [32]
Xbox One Home Microsoft 2013 ~58 million [43]
PlayStation 5 # Home Sony 2020 50 million [44]
SNES/Super Famicom Home Nintendo 1990 49.1 million [32]
Game & Watch Dedicated handheld Nintendo 1980 43.4 million [45]
Nintendo 64 Home Nintendo 1996 32.93 million [32]
Sega Genesis/Mega Drive Home Sega 1988 30.75 million [note 5]
Atari 2600 Home Atari 1977 30 million [49]
Xbox Home Microsoft 2001 24 million [50]
GameCube Home Nintendo 2001 21.74 million [32]
Xbox Series X/S # Home Microsoft 2020 ~21 million [51]
Quest 2 # VR headset Reality Labs / Meta 2020 ~20 million [52]
Wii U Home Nintendo 2012 13.56 million [32]
V.Smile & V.Motion Home VTech 2004 11 million [53]
PlayStation Vita Handheld Sony 2011 10–15 million (estimate) [note 1]
Master System Home Sega 1986 10–13 million [note 6]
Game Gear Handheld Sega 1990 10.62 million [46]
PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 Home NEC/Hudson Soft[note 7] 1987 10 million [60]
Sega Saturn Home Sega 1994 9.26 million [47]
Dreamcast Home Sega 1998 9.13 million [47][61][62][63]
Master System (Brazilian variants) Home Tectoy 1989 8 million [64]
Dendy (famiclone) Home Micro Genius 1992 6 million [65]
Super NES Classic Edition Dedicated Nintendo 2017 5.28 million [66]
Famicom Disk System Home console add-on Nintendo 1986 4.5 million [67]
Advanced Pico Beena Home Sega 2005 >4.1 million [68]
NES Classic Edition Dedicated Nintendo 2016 3.56 million [69][70]
WonderSwan Handheld Bandai 1999 3.5 million [note 8]
Sega Pico Home Sega 1993 >3.4 million [note 9]
Color TV-Game Dedicated Nintendo 1977 3 million [79][80]
Intellivision Home Mattel 1980 3 million [81]
Mega Drive (Brazilian variants) Home Tectoy 1990 3 million [82][83]
N-Gage Handheld Nokia 2003 3 million [84]
Mega-CD/Sega CD Home console add-on Sega 1991 2.24 million [46]
ColecoVision Home Coleco 1982 >2 million [note 10]
3DO Interactive Multiplayer Home The 3DO Company 1993 >2 million [88]
Neo Geo Pocket (+ Color) Handheld SNK 1999 2 million [89]
Magnavox Odyssey² Home Magnavox/Philips 1978 2 million [90]
Sega SG-1000 Home Sega 1983 2 million [91][92]
PC Engine CD-ROM² Home console add-on NEC 1988 1.92 million [93][94]
Atari 7800 Home Atari 1986 >1 million [note 11]
Atari Lynx Handheld Atari 1989 >1 million [note 12]
Philips CD-i Home Philips 1990 >1 million [note 13]
Telstar Dedicated Coleco 1976 >1 million [100][note 14]
Atari 5200 Home Atari 1982 1 million [102]
Pegasus (famiclone) Home Micro Genius 1991 1 million [103]
Oculus Quest VR headset Oculus 2019 317,000–1 million (estimate) [104][105]

>Final sales are greater than the reported figure. See notes.

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Sony stopped reporting individual platform sales on a regular basis in 2012[19][20] but continues to do so sporadically.[21] PlayStation 2: 155 million units sold as of March 31, 2012.[22] It was discontinued worldwide on January 4, 2013.[23] PlayStation 3: Sony corporate data reports 87.4 million sold as of March 31, 2017.[22] PS3 shipments to Japanese retailers, the last country Sony was selling units to, ceased by May.[24] PlayStation Portable: 76.4 million units sold as of March 31, 2012.[22] A June 3, 2014 Associated Press report noted this was "the last time a tally was taken."[25] IGN's Evan Campbell reported on the same day around 80 million sold,[26] and Jordan Sirani reaffirmed Campbell's estimate 5 years later.[27] Shipments to North America ended in January 2014, and to Japan in June 2014; shipments to Europe ended during the latter part of the year.[25] IGN's Colin Moriarty reported in mid-November that 82 million PSPs were manufactured and shipped at the end of production.[28] PlayStation Vita: Third-party estimates range from 10–15 million.[29] Glixel stated in June 2017 that 15 million were sold,[30] while the Electronic Entertainment Design and Research suggests several million less by the end of 2015.[31] Production ceased in Japan in March 2019.[29]
  2. ↑ Including Nintendo Switch Lite units
  3. ↑ Nintendo only provided a combined sales total.[33] Before Game Boy Color's release in late-1998,[2] previous models sold 64.42 million units combined worldwide.[17]
  4. ↑ Microsoft announced in October 2015 that individual platform sales in their fiscal reports will no longer be disclosed. The company shifted focus to the amount of active users on Xbox Live as its "primary metric for [sic] success".[36] Monthly active Xbox Live users reached nearly 90 million by Q3 2020.[37] Xbox 360: Production ended in 2016; 84 million in total lifetime sales.[38] Xbox One: Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella unveiled at a December 3, 2014, shareholder presentation that 10 million units were sold.[39] Most third-party estimates put the total number of Xbox One units sold by the end of 2019 at "around 50 million".[40] Market data and analytics firm Ampere Analysis Insights estimated the Xbox One had sold 51 million units by Q2 2020.[41] Microsoft announced on July 17, 2020, that they would cease manufacturing the Xbox One S All-Digital Edition and Xbox One X, though production of the Xbox One S would continue.[42]
  5. ↑ 30.75 million sold by Sega worldwide as of March 1996,[46][47] not including sales of third-party licensed consoles from manufacturers such as Majesco Entertainment in the United States (which projected it would sell 1.5 million)[48] or Tec Toy in Brazil (listed separately).
  6. ↑ 10–13 million, not including Brazilian variants.[54][55] Screen Digest wrote in a 1995 publication that the Master System's active installed user base in Western Europe peaked at 6.25 million in 1993. Those countries that peaked are France at 1.6 million, the United Kingdom at 1.35 million, Germany at 700 thousand, Spain at 550 thousand, the Netherlands at 200 thousand, and other Western European countries at 1.4 million. However, Belgium peaked in 1991 with 600 thousand, and Italy in 1992 with 400 thousand. Thus it is estimated approximately 6.8 million units were purchased in this part of Europe.[56] 1 million were sold in Japan as of 1986.[57] 2 million were sold in the United States.[58] Not including sales of licensed Tectoy variants in Brazil (listed separately).
  7. ↑ Designed by Hudson and manufactured and marketed by NEC.[59]
  8. ↑ Bandai released three WonderSwan iterations.[71] A March 2003 Famitsu article reported the original (March 1999)[72] and color (December 2000)[72] versions sold approximately 3 million units combined,[73] while the SwanCrystal (July 2002)[71] sold over 200 thousand units.[73] Bandai announced the transition from hardware to third-party development in February 2003 due to declining sales and will supply software to the competitor's Game Boy Advance by March 2004.[74] Average weekly Famitsu sales during the transition were only a couple hundred units,[1] and the SwanCrystal went build to order starting in autumn 2003.[73] WonderSwan hardware designer Koto claimed over 3.5 million were sold.[75]
  9. ↑ Sega sold this amount as of April 2005.[76] Its successor launched on August 6, 2005.[77] Majesco re-manufactured and distributed the Pico in the United States starting at the end of 1999.[78]
  10. ↑ The ColecoVision reached 2 million units sold by the spring of 1984. Console quarterly sales dramatically decreased at this time, but it continued to sell modestly[85][86] with most inventory gone by October 1985.[87]
  11. ↑ Atari reported on June 1, 1988 that 7800 sold more than million units to date.[95] Production and support of the 7800 was officially discontiniued on January 1, 1992.
  12. ↑ The Wall Street Journal reported in November 1992 approximately 1 million were sold.[96] Around June 1994, Atari shifted its focus from the Lynx to its Jaguar console.[97]
  13. ↑ This Philips-reported figure was in The New York Times on September 15, 1994.[98] The CD-i was discontinued in 1998.[99]
  14. ↑ Coleco launched Telstar in 1976 and sold a million. Production and delivery issues, and dedicated consoles being replaced by electronic handheld games dramatically reduced sales in 1977. Over a million Telstars were scrapped in 1978, and it cost Coleco $22.3 million that year[86]—almost bankrupting the company.[101]

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2 Release year sources

Bibliography

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