Gaia in Oslo, 2014
History
Norway
NameGaia ship
NamesakeGreek goddess Gaia
OperatorGokstad Coastal Team (Gokstad kystlag)[1]
BuilderJacob Bjørkedal
Completed1990[2]
HomeportSandefjord, Norway[3][4]
StatusActive
General characteristics
TypeViking ship replica (Museum ship)
Tonnage26
Length23.80 metres (78.1 ft)
Beam5.10 m (16.7 ft)
Height18 metres (59 ft) (mast)
Draught0.85 metres (2.8 ft)
PropulsionSail and oars, auxiliary engine
Sail plan230 m²
Speedmax. 10 kn (19 km/h)
Complement40 passengers[5]

The Gaia ship is a replica of the 9th century Viking ship Gokstad ship. It was built in 1990 and departed Bergen for North America on 17 May 1991. It was named Hav-Cella prior to departing but was renamed Gaia by Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland, during a stopover in Iceland. Gaia is the name for the goddess of the Earth in Greek mythology. The Gaia Ship reached Newfoundland on 2 August and Washington DC on Leif Erikson Day, 9 October 1991.[6][7] It further sailed to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit via the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and North America.[8]

With the completion of Museum's Wharf by Sandefjord Museum in the summer of 1995, Gaia and the newly restored Southern Actor were permanently placed on the wharf where they remain accessible to the public.[9][10][11]

The ship can be rented for private tours in the fjord.[12][13]

History

In the late 1980s, Knut Utstein Kloster was cosponsoring a millennial celebration for Leif Eriksson's voyage to North America, "Vinland Revisited." To re-enact this voyage, Kloster requested an exact replica of the 1,000-year-old Gokstad ship.[14]

The Gaia Ship is an exact replica of the Gokstad Ship. It was constructed during the winter of 1989–1990 in Bjørkedal in Volda. It was named Gaia on 19 June 1991 by Vigdis Finnbogadottir, the President of Iceland, during a voyage to North America. In May 1993, the vessel was donated to the city of Sandefjord from Knut Utstein Kloster from the Gaia Ship Foundation. The ship's oak mast is constructed in one piece and stone provides ballast. It can reach ten knots under its full canvas, which is 120 sq. m., and it has sixteen pairs of oars. On 17 May 1991 it was sailed by Ragnar Thorseth to North America to mark the 1000th anniversary of Leif Eriksson's founding of Vinland.[15] While in on its voyage, a number of prominent people visited the ship, including President George H. W. Bush in the U.S. and Fidel Castro in Cuba.[16]

Earth Summit

While preparing for the Smithsonian conference, owner Knut Utstein Kloster considered other ways the ship could serve a purpose. After considering the upcoming Earth Summit scheduled for Brazil in June 1992, he worked with World City America, Inc. CEO John S. Rogers in New York and Maurice Strong at the UN to make sure the ship sailed on to Rio de Janeiro after its stop in Washington DC. Agreement was made with UNICEF Executive Director James P. Grant to let Gaia sail under the UNICEF banner "keep the promise for a better world for all children." In the United States, Gaia first anchored in New York at the East River outside the UN headquarters on Manhattan. School children read messages addressed to world leaders. After Washington DC, Gaia sailed on to Port Canaveral where astronaut Jim Lovell and Jim Lovelock addressed a crowd at the ship. From Florida, Gaia sailed to Cuba, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and Manaus, Brazil.[17] It was a 15,000-mile journey from Norway to Brazil.[18]

Queen Sonja of Norway and President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir of Iceland waited at the harbor for Gaia's arrival in Washington DC. President George H. W. Bush went on board the ship with two of his grandsons.[19]

Kloster's World City Discovery in co-operation with AFS Intercultural Programs gathered 150 school children representing 43 countries at the Gaia Camp Amazonas. Manaus, the capital of the Brazilian state of Amazonas, embraced the idea of a Gaia Camp Amazonas, and a 28-hectare (69-acre) public park with hiking trails was established. The park would serve as a living laboratory as a rainforest microcosm. The park's layout and planning were done by the University of Costa Rica. The children at Gaia Camp Amazonas spent a total of three weeks constructing trails, steps, bridges, and resting areas in Manaus's Gaia Park. Interpretive signs were also installed describing the local wildlife and flora.[20]

See also

Literature

  • Vinner, Max (2002). Boats of the Viking Ship Museum (Viking Ship Museum) ISBN 978-8785180636
  • Williams, Gareth (2014). The Viking Ship (British Museum Press) ISBN 978-0714123400
  • Wexelsen, Einar (1981). Gokstadfunnet: et 100-års minne / The Gokstad Excavations: Centenary of a Norwegian Viking Find (Sandefjordmuseene). ISBN 82-990595-2-6.

References

  1. ↑ Bertelsen, Hans Kristian (2000). Sandefjord i bilder / Sandefjord in pictures. Grafisk studio forlag. Page 16. ISBN 82-90636-02-4.
  2. ↑ Lomax, Judy (2019). Norway. Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited. Page 62. ISBN 978-1-84623-894-9.
  3. ↑ Gjerseth, Simen (2016). Nye Sandefjord. Liv forlag. Page 277. ISBN 978-82-8330-113-7.
  4. ↑ Lomax, Judy (2019). Norway. Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited. Page 62. ISBN 978-1-84623-894-9.
  5. ↑ Lunde, Stig-Tore (1996). Gaia: Gokstadskipet, kopien og miljøskipet. Sandefjordmuseene. Pages 14-15.
  6. ↑ Nougier, Louis-René (1994). Vikinger og indianere. Faktum. Page 59. ISBN 82-540-0198-7.
  7. ↑ Bertelsen, Hans Kristian (2000). Sandefjord i bilder / Sandefjord in pictures. Grafisk studio forlag. Page 16. ISBN 82-90636-02-4.
  8. ↑ Olstad, Finn (1997). Sandefjords historie B.2: En vanlig småby? Sandefjord kommune. Page 398. ISBN 82-993797-2-5.
  9. ↑ Olstad, Finn (1997). Sandefjords historie. B. 2: En vanlig småby? Sandefjord kommune. Page 394. ISBN 82-990595-8-5.
  10. ↑ Davidsen, Roger (2010). Et sted i Sandefjord: lokalhistorisk stedsnavnsleksikon. Sandar historielag. Page 336. ISBN 978-82-994567-7-7.
  11. ↑ Danielsen, Kristin (1999). Norway arts directory. Visiting Arts. Page 250. ISBN 1-902349-16-4.
  12. ↑ Bjoraa, Knut (1995). Sykkelopplevelser på Østlandet. Aschehoug. Page 26. ISBN 82-03-22094-0.
  13. ↑ Bertelsen, Hans Kristian (2000). Sandefjord i bilder / Sandefjord in pictures. Grafisk studio forlag. Page 16. ISBN 82-90636-02-4.
  14. ↑ Gallagher, Stephanie (2011). True North: A Flickering soul in no man's land; Knut Utstein Kloster, father of the $40-billion-a-year modern cruise industry. iUniverse. Page 98. ISBN 978-1-4620-4152-7.
  15. ↑ Bertelsen, Hans Kristian (2000). Sandefjord i bilder / Sandefjord in pictures. Grafisk studio forl. Page 16. ISBN 82-90636-02-4.
  16. ↑ Lunde, Stig-Tore (1996). Gaia: Gokstadskipet, kopien og miljøskipet. Sandefjordmuseene. Page 14.
  17. ↑ Gallagher, Stephanie (2011). True North: A Flickering soul in no man's land; Knut Utstein Kloster, father of the $40-billion-a-year modern cruise industry. iUniverse. Pages 104-106. ISBN 978-1-4620-4152-7.
  18. ↑ Gallagher, Stephanie (2011). True North: A Flickering soul in no man's land; Knut Utstein Kloster, father of the $40-billion-a-year modern cruise industry. iUniverse. Pages 119-120. ISBN 978-1-4620-4152-7.
  19. ↑ Gallagher, Stephanie (2011). True North: A Flickering soul in no man's land; Knut Utstein Kloster, father of the $40-billion-a-year modern cruise industry. iUniverse. Page 107. ISBN 978-1-4620-4152-7.
  20. ↑ Gallagher, Stephanie (2011). True North: A Flickering soul in no man's land; Knut Utstein Kloster, father of the $40-billion-a-year modern cruise industry. iUniverse. Pages 106-108. ISBN 978-1-4620-4152-7.
  21. ↑ Lunde, Stig-Tore (1996). Gaia: Gokstadskipet, kopien og miljøskipet. Sandefjordmuseene. Pages 14-15.
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