Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara

Found in 1838 by Count Alessandro Masi, Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara was one of the oldest savings bank (Italian: cassa di risparmio) after Bologna (since 1837), Spoleto (since 1836; renamed and relocated in 2012; closed 2016) and Rome (1836; now defunct) in the Papal States (but not in the whole Italy). From 1927 to 1942 the bank acquired Cassa di Risparmio di Copparo, Banca Mutua Popolare di Bondeno, the local mount of piety of Ferrara (found 1508), Banca di Portomaggiore, Monte di Credito su Pegno di Comacchio and Banca Popolare Cooperativa di Argenta.^[5] An Italian law enacted in 1927 requires the savings bank to merge with bigger bank if it was under a certain size.^[6][7]

In December 1991, the bank daily operation and ownership also split into a società per azioni and Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara (Fondazione Carife).^[8]

In 1994 the group acquired Banca di Credito Agrario di Ferrara. In 2002 the bank acquired Commercio e Finanza – Leasing e Factoring as well as Banca di Treviso (the latter was sold to Banca Popolare di Marostica in 2010^[9]), Banca Popolare di Roma^[10] and Credito Veronese (Creverbanca) in 2003. In 2004 the bank acquired Finproget. In 2005 Banca Modenese and Banca Farnese (some branches of the latter was sold to Banca Centropadana in 2014^[11]) were acquired. In 2008 Banca di Credito e Risparmio di Romagna joined the banking group. In 2012, Carife would be merged with its subsidiaries: Banca Popolare di Roma,^[12] Banca Modenese, Banca di Credito e Risparmio di Romagna and Finproget.

Eventually Banca Popolare di Roma^[13] and Banca Modenese became divisions of the bank.

Insolvency

In 2013 the bank was under special administration by the Ministry of Economy and Finance.^[14] The last annual report of the bank shown the group had a shareholders' equity of €374 million, with a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.41% as at 31 December 2012.^[15]

Fondo Interbancario di Tutela dei Depositi had planned to bail-out Banca Marche, Banca Etruria, Carife, and CariChieti for more than €2 billion in late 2015 (€300 million for Carife announced on 6 May, subject to approval from the Bank of Italy and the European Commission),^[16][17][18] but they were bail-out by Italian National Resolution Fund (Italian: Fondo Nazionale di Risoluzione) instead, for a recapitalization of about €2 billion in total on 22 November. The 4 banks were the first bail-out in Italy since Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive was in force in Italy. The Bank of Italy was the national resolution authority of the Single Resolution Mechanism.^[19]

The Italian National Resolution Fund had also injected a further €1.7 billion in total to the 4 banks to cover the losses.^[20]

On 3 May 2016, Decree-Law N°59/2016 was announced, which the retail investors of the bond of the 4 banks would be refunded (up to €100,000, same as deposit insurance) if they purchased the bond on or before 12 June 2014, the date of Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive was passed in the European Parliament.^[21] The decree-law was a response to criticism of the bail-in of all investor of the bank, which Italian bank often sold risky bond to their depositors. The refund scheme: Fondo di solidarietà, would be managed by FITD.^[22]

Nuova Carife

On 22 November 2015 a "good bank" Nuova Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara S.p.A. (Nuova Carife), was formed, with a share capital of €191 million.^[23] The bank had a Tier 1 Capital ratio of an estimated 9% in a group (consolidated) basis.^[24] The bad debt of the old bank was transferred to a single "bad bank" REV - Gestione Crediti, which was shared with Carichieti, Banca Etruria and Banca Marche.^[25] While the old bank would be liquidated, which the shareholders and subordinated bond holders would receive nothing due to bail-in.

As of 31 December 2015, the banking group had an equity of €161 million^[26]: 52 and a CET1 Capital Ratio of 8.22%.^[26]: 205

In March 2016 a plan to absorb Commercio e Finanza was announced. Previously it was planned that the ex-subsidiary sold assets and liabilities to Nuova Carife.^[27][28]

On 2 March 2017 BPER Banca signed a contract to acquire Nuova Carife for a nominal fee of €1, with conditions that the national resolution fund recapitalized the bank, as well as selling the non-performing loan to the market.^[29] At 31 December 2016 Carife Group had a negative net equity of €66 million,^[1] due to heavy loan write-down during 2016 financial year. On 20 June, the bank announced that a gross book value of €343 million NPLs (the net book value after write-down was not disclosed in the press release) were sold to Atlante II and Credito Fondiario for a price equal to around 19% of the gross book value.^[30] The bank was also recapitalized by the national resolution fund for €290 million.^[31] On 30 June, the takeover was completed.^[31][32]

On 1 July, a plan to absorb Nuova Carife into BPER Banca was announced.^[33] It was completed in the same year.

Banking foundation

Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara known as Fondazione Carife, is an Italian charity organization based in Ferrara. The foundation was the old legal person of the savings bank Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara, which an Italian banking law required all savings banks had to be incorporated as società per azioni, leaving a separation of the banking activity and charity function 1992.

The foundation was the major shareholder of Cassa di Risparmio di Ferrara until its failure. In 2015, all the shareholders and subordinated bond holders were bail-in the failure of the bank. The foundation had a net assets of €55,140,130 as at 31 December 2014, but including the shares of the bank which had an accounting value of €72,415,205.53.^[39]

The foundation had supported the restoration of Santa Maria in Vado, Ferrara as well as a painting by Bastianino in Ferrara Cathedral, and Resurrezione in Oratorio dell'Annunziata, Ferrara.^[40]