Salem, New Jersey
City
The Old Salem County Courthouse
The Old Salem County Courthouse
Official seal of Salem, New Jersey
Seal
Location of Salem in Salem County, New Jersey
Location of Salem in Salem County, New Jersey
Salem is located in Salem County, New Jersey
Salem
Salem
Location in Salem County
Salem is located in New Jersey
Salem
Salem
Location in New Jersey
Salem is located in the United States
Salem
Salem
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 39°34′06″N 75°28′21″W / 39.568236°N 75.472553°W / 39.568236; -75.472553[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountySalem
FormedOctober 1675
IncorporatedFebruary 21, 1798 (as township)
IncorporatedFebruary 25, 1858 (as city)
Government
[3]
 • TypeCity
 • BodyCity Council
 • MayorJody Veler (D, term ends December 31, 2024)[4][5]
 • Municipal clerkBen Angeli[6]
Area
[7]
 • Total2.81 sq mi (7.29 km2)
 • Land2.34 sq mi (6.07 km2)
 • Water0.47 sq mi (1.22 km2)  16.73%
 • Rank353rd of 565 in state
12th of 15 in county[1]
Elevation
[8]
10 ft (3 m)
Population
 (2020)[9][10]
 • Total5,296
 • Estimate 
(2022)[9][11]
5,324
 • Rank371st of 565 in state
4th of 15 in county[12]
 • Density2,259.4/sq mi (872.4/km2)
  • Rank278th of 565 in state
3rd of 15 in county[12]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
08079[13][14]
Area code(s)856 exchanges 339, 878, 935[15]
FIPS code3403365490[1][16][17]
GNIS feature ID0885385[1][18]
Websitecityofsalemnj.gov

Salem is a city in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is the county seat of Salem County,[19] the state's most rural county.[20] The name Salem, for both the city and county, is derived from the Hebrew word shalom, meaning peace.[21][22] As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 5,296,[9][10] an increase of 150 (+2.9%) from the 2010 census count of 5,146,[23][24] which in turn reflected a decrease of 711 (−12.1%) from the 5,857 counted in the 2000 census.[25] Salem is part of the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia greater metropolitan area.

The town and colony of Salem was laid out in 1675 by John Fenwick and the community was given permission to choose officers in October 1693. It was incorporated on February 21, 1798, as part of the initial group of 104 townships established by the New Jersey Legislature. On February 25, 1858, it was reincorporated as Salem City.[26]

Salem had the second-highest property tax rate in New Jersey, with an equalized rate of 6.519% in 2020, compared to 3.476% in Salem County and a statewide average of 2.279%.[27]

History

Salem was founded by John Fenwick, a Quaker. Fenwick had been involved in a financial dispute with an Edward Byllynge, another Quaker, who had received the undivided portion of New Jersey territory that James Stuart, Duke of York had granted to Lord John Berkeley in 1664. Berkeley had sold his share to Byllynge in 1675 for 1,000 pounds, but Byllynge had become bankrupt and so had the property turned over to Fenwick to hold for Byllynge and his assigns in trust. Byllynge and Fenwick came to disagree over the property.

William Penn was asked to adjudicate the matter and he awarded 90% of the claim to Byllynge and the remaining 10% and a cash settlement to Fenwick for his share. Fenwick was dissatisfied with Penn's judgement and refused to abide by the decision; essentially Fenwick had no assurance that a previously bankrupt man would convey ten percent of the net proceeds of the future venture since he had not even paid the adjudicated cash settlement. So Fenwick organized a colony of settlers and sailed to the Delaware Bay where he settled as Patroon on the eastern shore near the abandoned Swedish settlement of Fort Nya Elfsborg and set himself up as the local governor of the fifth Tenth (approximately 20% of the original Edward Byllynge property), issuing land patents and enforcing his own laws in defiance of Byllynge and Penn. Byllynge countered by suing Fenwick, causing uncertainty in the chain of land title. The economic damages to those who controlled property within and near Salem caused many injured persons over the next decade to declare a long line of complaints and lawsuits in the colonial courts. To preserve Salem, its inhabitants and their property, Fenwick remained under arrest for months until copies of documents proving his claims were obtained from England. Fenwick ultimately proved the right of his claim in the court of Dominion Governor Andros, and returned to govern the Salem tenth by 1689.[28][29] Salem remained as a settlement and continued growing.[30]

In 1778, the British launched an assault against the local American militia in what became known as the Salem Raid. During that assault, Judge William Hancock of the King's Court who was presiding at the County Courthouse at the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, was accidentally killed by the British troops as part of the assault that became known as the Hancock House Massacre.[31] After the war concluded, treason trials were held at the county courthouse where suspected Loyalists were put on trial for having allegedly aided the British raid of Salem. Four men were convicted and sentenced to death for treason; however, they were pardoned by Governor William Livingston and exiled from New Jersey.[32]

Salem was formally incorporated on February 21, 1798, as one of the state's initial group of 104 townships by the New Jersey Legislature's Township Act of 1798.[26]

The Old County Courthouse was the site of the legend of Colonel Robert Gibbon Johnson proving the edibility of the tomato. According to legend, Colonel Johnson stood upon the courthouse steps in 1820 and ate tomatoes in front of a large amazed crowd assembled to watch him do so.[33] However, the legend did not appear in print until 1948 and modern scholars doubt the veracity of this story.[34][35]

Historical buildings

The Old Salem County Courthouse serves today as the administrative offices for Salem City. It is the oldest active courthouse in New Jersey and is the second-oldest courthouse in continuous use in the United States.[36] The Courthouse was erected in 1735 during the reign of King George II using locally manufactured bricks. The building was enlarged in 1817 and additionally enlarged and remodeled in 1908. Its distinctive bell tower is essentially unchanged and the original bell sits in the courtroom.[36]

Geography

Salem is located along the Salem River.[37] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 2.81 square miles (7.29 km2), including 2.34 square miles (6.07 km2) of land and 0.47 square miles (1.22 km2) of water (16.73%).[1][2]

The city borders the Salem County municipalities of Elsinboro Township, Lower Alloways Creek Township, Mannington Township, Pennsville Township and Quinton Township.[38][39]

Climate

The climate in the area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Salem has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[40]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1810929—
18201,30340.3%
18301,57020.5%
18402,00627.8%
18503,05252.1%
18603,86526.6%
18704,55517.9%
18805,05611.0%
18905,5169.1%
19005,8115.3%
19106,61413.8%
19207,43512.4%
19308,0478.2%
19408,6187.1%
19509,0505.0%
19608,941−1.2%
19707,648−14.5%
19806,959−9.0%
19906,883−1.1%
20005,857−14.9%
20105,146−12.1%
20205,2962.9%
2022 (est.)5,324[9][11]0.5%
Population sources: 1810–2000[41]
1810–1920[42] 1840[43] 1830–1870[44]
1850[45] 1870[46] 1880–1890[47]
1890–1910[48] 1910–1930[49]
1940–2000[50] 2000[51][52]
2010[23][24] 2020[9][10]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 5,146 people, 2,157 households, and 1,264 families in the city. The population density was 2,195.9 inhabitants per square mile (847.8/km2). There were 2,633 housing units at an average density of 1,123.6 per square mile (433.8/km2). The racial makeup was 31.21% (1,606) White, 62.13% (3,197) Black or African American, 0.41% (21) Native American, 0.39% (20) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 1.85% (95) from other races, and 4.02% (207) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.68% (344) of the population.[23]

Of the 2,157 households, 28.9% had children under the age of 18; 22.8% were married couples living together; 30.7% had a female householder with no husband present and 41.4% were non-families. Of all households, 35.5% were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.05.[23]

28.2% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 80.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 73.5 males.[23]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $25,682 (with a margin of error of +/− $5,287) and the median family income was $38,286 (+/− $5,682). Males had a median income of $47,708 (+/− $9,641) versus $32,236 (+/− $5,778) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $17,733 (+/− $2,366). About 26.5% of families and 28.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.4% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.[53]

2000 census

As of the 2000 U.S. census,[16] there were 5,857 people, 2,383 households, and 1,463 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,244.3 inhabitants per square mile (866.5/km2). There were 2,863 housing units at an average density of 1,097.0 per square mile (423.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 37.46% White, 56.77% African American, 0.60% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 1.38% from other races, and 3.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.88% of the population.[51][52]

There were 2,383 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.7% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.10.[51][52]

The population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.6 males.[51][52]

The median income for a household in the city was $25,846, and the median income for a family was $29,699. Males had a median income of $35,389 versus $24,354 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,559. About 24.7% of families and 26.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.3% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.[51][52]

Government

Local government

Salem is governed under the City form of New Jersey municipal government. The city is one of 15 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government.[54] The government is comprised of the Mayor and the eight-member City Council. The mayor is elected at-large to a three-year term of office. The City Council is comprised of eight members, with four members representing one of two wards, East and West. Council members are elected on a staggered basis to four-year terms of office, with one seat from each ward up for election each year. All members of the governing body are chosen on a partisan basis as part of the November general election.[3][55]

As of 2022, the Mayor of Salem is Democrat Jody Veler, whose term of office ends December 31, 2024. Members of the City Council are Council President Earl R. Gage (D, 2022; West Ward), Council President Pro Tempore Timothy H. Gregory Jr. (D, 2022; East Ward), Sharen A. Cline (D, 2024, East Ward), Robert L. Davis (D, 2023; East Ward), Vaughn Groce (D, 2025, East Ward), Sharon K. Kellum (D, 2024, West Ward), Gail Slaughter (D, 2023; West Ward) and James W. Smith (D, 2025; West Ward).[4][56][57][58][59][60]

Ruth Carter was named in October 2013 to fill the seat vacated in the previous month by Bob Johnson, who resigned due to family obligations.[61] Carter served on an interim basis until the November 2014 general election, when she was elected to fill the balance of the term of office through December 2016.[62] Vaughn Groce was chosen in January 2013 to fill the seat of Charles Washington Jr., expiring in December 2013 that was vacated when he took office as mayor.[63]

Federal, state, and county representation

Salem City is located in the 2nd Congressional District[64] and is part of New Jersey's 3rd state legislative district.[65][66][67]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 2nd congressional district is represented by Jeff Van Drew (R, Dennis Township).[68] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[69] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).[70][71]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 3rd Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by John Burzichelli (D, Paulsboro) and in the General Assembly by David Bailey (D, Woodstown) and Heather Simmons (D, Glassboro).[72]

Salem County is governed by a five-member Board of County Commissioners who are elected at-large to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Director and a Deputy Director from among its members.[73] As of 2024, Salem County's Commissioners (with party, residence, and term-end year listed in parentheses) are:

Director Benjamin H. Laury (R, Elmer, 2024), Deputy Director Gordon J. "Mickey" Ostrum Jr. (R, Pilesgrove Township, 2024), Cordy Taylor (R, Oldmans Township, 2025), Ed Ramsey (R, Pittsgrove Township, 2026) and Daniel Timmerman (R, Elmer, 2025).[73][74]

Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are: Clerk Dale A. Cross (R, Pennsville Township, 2024),[75][76] Sheriff Charles M. Miller (R, Salem, 2024)[77][78] and Surrogate Nicki A. Burke (D, Woodstown, 2025).[79][80]

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 2,975 registered voters in Salem, of which 1,502 (50.5% vs. 30.6% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 229 (7.7% vs. 21.0%) were registered as Republicans and 1,244 (41.8% vs. 48.4%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties.[81] Among the city's 2010 Census population, 57.8% (vs. 64.6% in Salem County) were registered to vote, including 80.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 84.4% countywide).[81][82]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 83.4% of the vote (1,674 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 15.4% (309 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (24 votes), among the 2,022 ballots cast by the city's 3,322 registered voters (15 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 60.9%.[83][84] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 1,635 votes (78.8% vs. 50.4% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 390 votes (18.8% vs. 46.6%) and other candidates with 18 votes (0.9% vs. 1.6%), among the 2,074 ballots cast by the city's 3,141 registered voters, for a turnout of 66.0% (vs. 71.8% in Salem County).[85] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 1,266 votes (70.4% vs. 45.9% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 506 votes (28.1% vs. 52.5%) and other candidates with 16 votes (0.9% vs. 1.0%), among the 1,799 ballots cast by the city's 2,957 registered voters, for a turnout of 60.8% (vs. 71.0% in the whole county).[86]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 55.3% of the vote (538 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 41.0% (399 votes), and other candidates with 3.7% (36 votes), among the 1,061 ballots cast by the city's 3,201 registered voters (88 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 33.1%.[87][88] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 731 ballots cast (66.3% vs. 39.9% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 241 votes (21.8% vs. 46.1%), Independent Chris Daggett with 73 votes (6.6% vs. 9.7%) and other candidates with 35 votes (3.2% vs. 2.0%), among the 1,103 ballots cast by the city's 3,101 registered voters, yielding a 35.6% turnout (vs. 47.3% in the county).[89]

Education

The Salem City School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke[90] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[91][92]

As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 1,226 students and 99.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1.[93] Schools in the district (with 2021–22 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[94]) are John Fenwick Academy[95] with 358 students in grades PreK-2, Salem Middle School[96] with 444 students in grades 3-8 and Salem High School[97] with 399 students in grades 9-12.[98][99][100]

Public school students from Elsinboro, Lower Alloways Creek Township, Mannington Township and Quinton Township attend the district's high school for grades 9–12 as part of sending/receiving relationships.[101][102][103]

The Catholic K–8 school St. Mary Regional School of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden closed in 2000, with students redirected to Bishop Guilfoyle Regional Catholic School in Carneys Point, which in turn closed in 2010.[104] Guardian Angels Regional School is a K-8 school that operates under the auspices of the Diocese of Camden and accepts students from Salem.[105] Its PreK-3 campus is in Gibbstown while its 4-8 campus is in Paulsboro.[106]

Salem Community College is in nearby Carneys Point Township.

Transportation

The Port of Salem was designated by the British Crown in 1682 as a port of entry on the Salem River accessible via the Delaware River.[107] It handles a variety of bulk cargo, notably of construction aggregate, break bulk cargo, and containers for clothing, fishing apparel, agricultural produce, and other consumer goods. South Jersey Port Corporation operates the Salem Terminal on a 22-acre complex located west of downtown.[108]

The Glass House Spur of the Salem Branch begins at the Port of Salem and is operated by the Southern Railroad of New Jersey with connections to Conrail's South Jersey/Philadelphia Shared Assets Area operations at Swedesboro.

View north at the south end of Route 45 in Salem

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 24.79 miles (39.90 km) of roadways, of which 16.57 miles (26.67 km) were maintained by the municipality, 5.95 miles (9.58 km) by Salem County and 2.27 miles (3.65 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[109]

State highways passing through Salem include Route 45,[110] which has its southern terminus at its intersection with Route 49.[111] Nearby highways and structures include Interstate 295, the New Jersey Turnpike and the Delaware Memorial Bridge.

Public transportation

NJ Transit offers bus service between the city and Philadelphia on the 401 route and local service on the 468 route.[112][113]

The Delaware City–Salem Ferry was a seasonal service operating between Barber's Basin and Delaware City, Delaware,[114] until it was rerouted to Fort Mott in 2015 and became the Forts Ferry Crossing.[115]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Salem include:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
  2. 1 2 US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. 1 2 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2006, p. 19.
  4. 1 2 Mayor and Council, City of Salem. Accessed May 29, 2022.
  5. ↑ 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
  6. ↑ City Departments, City of Salem. Accessed April 1, 2023.
  7. ↑ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  8. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Salem, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 14, 2013.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 QuickFacts Salem city, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 1, 2023.
  10. 1 2 3 Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
  11. 1 2 Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022, United States Census Bureau, released May 2023. Accessed May 18, 2023.
  12. 1 2 Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.
  13. ↑ Look Up a ZIP Code for Salem, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed August 17, 2012.
  14. ↑ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  15. ↑ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Salem, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  16. 1 2 U.S. Census website, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  17. ↑ Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.
  18. ↑ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  19. ↑ New Jersey County Map, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed July 10, 2017.
  20. ↑ Walsh, Daniel. "History and nature to merge on byway / Officials unveil scenic bayshore route for drivers", The Press of Atlantic City, July 23, 2009. Accessed November 29, 2011. "The county has rolled out an advertising campaign that includes radio, print and television commercials, along with a new Web site, and county leaders have sought to sell outsiders on New Jersey's least-populated and most-rural county."
  21. ↑ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 30, 2015.
  22. ↑ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 272. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 30, 2015.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Salem city, Salem County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 17, 2012.
  24. 1 2 Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Salem city, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed August 17, 2012.
  25. ↑ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  26. 1 2 Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 217. Accessed August 17, 2012.
  27. ↑ "Here are the 30 N.J. towns with the highest property tax rates", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, March 15, 2021. Accessed January 19, 2022. "The average equalized tax rate in New Jersey was 2.279 in 2020, according to data from the Department of Community Affairs. Here is the list of 30 New Jersey towns with the highest property tax rates.... 1. Woodlynne Borough Equalized tax rate in Woodlynne Borough, Camden County, was: 7.384 in 2020; Average equalized tax rate in Camden County: 3.470"
  28. ↑ Clement, John (1875). A sketch of the life and character of John Fenwick. Published by Friends Historical Association. Philadelphia: Henry S. Volkmar
  29. ↑ Shourds, Thomas (1876). "John Fenwick." History and genealogy of Fenwick's Colony, New Jersey. Bridgeton, New Jersey, pp. 3-17 ISBN 0-8063-0714-5
  30. ↑ Scharf, Thomas J., History of Delaware, 1609–1688, 1935.
  31. ↑ "William Hancock House, Hancocks Bridge, New Jersey". Cup O'Jersey South. November 9, 2007. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
  32. ↑ Alexander Grant House, Crossroads of the American Revolution. Accessed April 14, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Robert Gibbon Johnson: As the story is told, it was Colonel Johnson who on September 26, 1820 once and for all proved tomatoes non-poisonous and safe for consumption.", Tomato and Health. Accessed April 14, 2015. "As the story is told, it was Colonel Johnson who on September 26, 1820 once and for all proved tomatoes non-poisonous and safe for consumption. He stood on the steps of the Salem courthouse and bravely consumed an entire basket of tomatoes without keeling over or suffering any ill effects whatsoever."
  34. ↑ Smith, Andrew F. (Fall–Winter 1990). "The Making of the Legend of Robert Gibbon Johnson and the Tomato". New Jersey History. New Jersey Historical Society. 108: 59–74.
  35. ↑ Smith, Andrew F. (1994). The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery. Columbia, South Carolina, US: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 1–6. ISBN 1-57003-000-6.
  36. 1 2 Salem, NJ, Discover Salem County. Accessed August 18, 2015. "The Old Salem County Courthouse is the second oldest courthouse in the United States; the oldest is King William County Courthouse in Virginia."
  37. ↑ New Jersey Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. 2005. ISBN 0-89933-324-9.
  38. ↑ Salem County Map, Coalition for a Healthy NJ. Accessed March 5, 2020.
  39. ↑ New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  40. ↑ Climate Summary for Salem, New Jersey
  41. ↑ Barnett, Bob. Population Data for Salem County Municipalities, 1800–2000, WestJersey.org, January 6, 2011. Accessed February 8, 2013. Population for 1840 is listed as 2,007, in conflict with two other sources included here that list the population as 2,006.
  42. ↑ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  43. ↑ Bowen, Francis. American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1843, p. 231, David H. Williams, 1842. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  44. ↑ Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, p. 255, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed February 8, 2013. "Salem is the seat of justice for the county and is divided into two wards. Its population in 1830 was 1,570; in 1840, 2,006; in 1850, 3,052; in 1860, 3,901; and in 1870, 4,555."
  45. ↑ Debow, James Dunwoody Brownson. The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850, p. 141. R. Armstrong, 1853. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  46. ↑ Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 260. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  47. ↑ Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 99. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  48. ↑ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 338. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  49. ↑ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 718. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  50. ↑ Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Salem city, New Jersey Archived August 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Salem city, Salem County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 17, 2012.
  53. ↑ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Salem city, Salem County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 17, 2012.
  54. ↑ Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  55. ↑ "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 4. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.
  56. ↑ 2022 Municipal Data Sheet, City of Salem. Accessed May 29, 2022.
  57. ↑ Election Summary Report General Election Salem County November 2, 2021 Official Results Report, Salem County, New Jersey, updated November 15, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  58. ↑ Election Summary Report Salem County NJ General Election November 3, 2020 Official Report, Salem County, New Jersey, updated November 25, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  59. ↑ November 5, 2019 Summary Report Salem County, NJ Official Results, Salem County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 18, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  60. ↑ November 6, 2018 Summary Report Salem County, NJ Official Results, Salem County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 14, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2019.
  61. ↑ Young, Alex. "Carter appointed to fill vacant seat on Salem City Council", South Jersey Times, October 8, 2013. Accessed November 4, 2013. "Longtime city resident Ruth Carter was appointed to fill the city council seat left vacant after former Councilman Bob Johnson resigned last month.... The seat Carter is taking over became available when Johnson — a longtime city councilman — decided to resign on Sept. 16, due to an out-of-state family obligation.... Puma said Carter will serve in her appointment seat until Nov. 4, 2014 (Election Day), and whoever wins that election would serve the remainder of Johnson's term until it expires on Dec. 31, 2016."
  62. ↑ November 4, 2014 Summary Report Salem County Official Results, Salem County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 24, 2014. Accessed July 29, 2016.
  63. ↑ Williams, Michael. "Salem City Council names new member to fill open seat", South Jersey Times, January 31, 2013. Accessed November 4, 2013. "A new member was appointed to Salem City Council to fill the seat vacated by Mayor Charles Washington Jr., city officials said. During a special meeting this week, council selected city resident Vaughn Groce to fill Washington's unexpired term through the end of the year."
  64. ↑ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  65. ↑ Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  66. ↑ 2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.
  67. ↑ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  68. ↑ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  69. ↑ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  70. ↑ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "Menendez, who started his political career in Union City, moved in September from Paramus to one of Harrison's new apartment buildings near the town's PATH station.."
  71. ↑ Home, sweet home: Bob Menendez back in Hudson County. nj.com. Accessed April 30, 2021. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  72. ↑ Legislative Roster for District 3, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 9, 2024.
  73. 1 2 County Commissioners, Salem County, New Jersey. Accessed May 1, 2022.
  74. ↑ 2021 County Data Sheet, Salem County, New Jersey. Accessed May 1, 2022.
  75. ↑ About, Salem County Clerk's Office. Accessed May 1, 2022.
  76. ↑ Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
  77. ↑ Home Page, Salem County Sheriff's Office. Accessed May 1, 2022.
  78. ↑ Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
  79. ↑ Surrogate's Court, Salem County, New Jersey. Accessed May 1, 2022.
  80. ↑ Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 20, 2022.
  81. 1 2 Voter Registration Summary - Salem, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  82. ↑ GCT-P7: Selected Age Groups: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision; 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  83. ↑ "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Salem County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  84. ↑ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Salem County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  85. ↑ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Salem County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  86. ↑ 2004 Presidential Election: Salem County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  87. ↑ "Governor - Salem County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  88. ↑ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Salem County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  89. ↑ 2009 Governor: Salem County Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed February 8, 2013.
  90. ↑ What We Do: History, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022. "In 1998, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in the Abbott v. Burke case that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts. According to the Court, aging, unsafe and overcrowded buildings prevented children from receiving the "thorough and efficient" education required under the New Jersey Constitution.... Full funding for approved projects was authorized for the 31 special-needs districts, known as 'Abbott Districts'."
  91. ↑ What We Do, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.
  92. ↑ SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.
  93. ↑ District information for Salem City School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 1, 2022.
  94. ↑ School Data for the Salem City School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 1, 2022.
  95. ↑ John Fenwick Academy, Salem City School District. Accessed February 1, 2023.
  96. ↑ Salem Middle School, Salem City School District. Accessed March 1, 2020.
  97. ↑ Salem High School, Salem City School District. Accessed February 1, 2023.
  98. ↑ Our Schools, Salem City School District. Accessed February 1, 2023.
  99. ↑ School Performance Reports for the Salem City School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2023.
  100. ↑ New Jersey School Directory for the Salem City Board of Education, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 29, 2016.
  101. ↑ Our Sending Districts, Salem City School District. Accessed March 1, 2020. "Salem High School welcomes students from: Elsinboro Township School, Lower Alloways Creek Township School, Mannington Township School, Quinton Township Elementary School"
  102. ↑ Bumpus, Robert L. Salem County Report on Consolidation and Regionalization, Salem County, New Jersey Executive County Superintendent, March 15, 2010. Accessed September 14, 2014. "In this area of Salem County four P-8 districts, Lower Alloway Creek, Quinton, Elsinboro, and Mannington Townships have a send/receive agreement with neighboring Salem City to send their students to Salem High School."
  103. ↑ Salem High School, South Jersey Magazine. Accessed September 14, 2014. "Students from Elsinboro, Lower Alloways Creek Township, Mannington Township and Quinton Township attend the high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship, according to the school's 2010 Report Card from the NJ Department of Education."
  104. ↑ "Bishop Guilfoyle Regional Catholic School in Carneys Point to close in June; will mark end of Catholic education in Salem County", Today's Sunbeam, January 20, 2010. Accessed August 22, 2020.
  105. ↑ Schools, South Jersey Catholic Schools. Accessed February 21, 2023.
  106. ↑ Contact Information, Guardian Angels Regional School. Accessed February 22, 2023.
  107. ↑ Rouse, Ewart. "Partnership Will Take Over Dock At Salem The Public Part Of The Salem Port Will Be Leased To Private Investors. The Signing Is Today.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, December 18, 1996. Accessed September 14, 2014. "The facility, about a half-mile off the Delaware River, dates to October 1682. That's when it received a charter as a British Crown point of entry."
  108. ↑ Port of Salem Terminal Archived April 18, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, South Jersey Port Corporation. Accessed July 19, 2013.
  109. ↑ Morris County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  110. ↑ Route 45 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, January 2010. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  111. ↑ Route 49 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, January 2009. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  112. ↑ Salem County Bus / Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 26, 2010. Accessed August 17, 2012.
  113. ↑ South Jersey Transit Guide Archived September 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Cross County Connection, as of April 1, 2010. Accessed September 14, 2014.
  114. ↑ Staff. "Delaware City-Salem Ferry expands operating schedule, offers shuttle service in Salem", South Jersey Times, June 22, 2013. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  115. ↑ "Delaware City – Salem Ferry Changes Name to Forts Ferry Crossing" (PDF). Delaware River and Bay Authority. March 13, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  116. ↑ Schultz, Steven. "Forman Acton, pioneer in early computing, dies", Princeton University, March 14, 2014. Accessed August 14, 2020. "Acton was born in 1920 in Salem, N.J., where ancestors in the Sinnickson and Acton families had lived since the 1600s."
  117. ↑ Myers, William Starr, ed. (1945). The Story of New Jersey. Vol. IV. New York, N.Y.: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 208−209 – via HathiTrust.
  118. ↑ Barber, Isaac Ambrose, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  119. ↑ Ephraim Bee – 1802–1888 Early Settler and a Founder of Doddridge County, W. VA, Ephraim's Clamping Vipers. Accessed September 3, 2015. "Ephraim Bee was born December 26, 1802 in Salem, New Jersey, and died October 23, 1888 on Cabin Run, Doddridge County, West Virginia."
  120. ↑ Benjamin H. Brewster (1882–1885): Attorney General Archived November 4, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Miller Center of Public Affairs. Accessed November 27, 2007.
  121. ↑ Harvin, Al. "Mistake in Identity Pays Compliment to a Rookie", The New York Times, August 1, 1989. Accessed November 4, 2013. "'I would've been upset getting drafted on the eighth round, but because it was the Jets, I was excited,' said Brown, who grew up in the South Jersey town of Salem, where he broke the high school record of the former Colts star Lydell Mitchell for yards rushing and touchdowns scored in a season.
  122. ↑ Alexander Gilmore Cattell, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 30, 2007.
  123. ↑ Manfredi, Fernando. "llega a uruguay john chowning, pionero en la sintetizacion de los sonidos, algo indispensable para el musico de ahora: La música de las computadoras - El destacado creador realizará un concierto con sus obras y una conferencia para todo público", El Pais, September 25, 2006. Accessed August 17, 2012. "Nacido en la ciudad de Salem, (Nueva Jersey) en el año 1934, Chowning estudió en la Universidad de Wittenberg."
  124. ↑ John Chowning, Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics. Accessed September 30, 2015. "Chowning was born in Salem, New Jersey in 1934."
  125. ↑ Gordon, Geo W. "Hon. Henry T. Ellett; A Biographical Sketch", Proceedings of the Annual Session of the Bar Association of Tennessee, p. 102. Tennessee Bar Association. Accessed November 4, 2013. "Henry T. Ellett was born in Salem, New Jersey, on the eighth of March, 1812, and died in Memphis, Tennessee, on the fifteenth day of October, 1887, in the presence of assembled thousands, who had just listened to his eminently appropriate, eloquent and patriotic address of welcome to the President of the United States."
  126. ↑ Duke Esper, Baseball-reference.com. Accessed November 4, 2013.
  127. ↑ Gene Foster, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed September 10, 2017.
  128. ↑ Johnny Gaudreau, hockeyDB.com. Accessed May 28, 2015.
  129. ↑ Cooper, Josh. "Johnny Gaudreau: Cult hero, 'shy, humble, little guy'", Yahoo! Sports, January 24, 2015. Accessed August 18, 2015. "Johnny Gaudreau is a 5-foot-9 150-pound 21-year-old kid from Salem, New Jersey just trying to make his way in the hockey world."
  130. ↑ Goose Goslin, Society for American Baseball Research. Accessed June 25, 2017. "The festivities were far, in both time and place, from Salem New Jersey, where Leon Allen Goslin was born on October 16, 1900."
  131. ↑ William John Hughes, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 30, 2007.
  132. ↑ Lydell Mitchell, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed June 25, 2017.
  133. ↑ Staff. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, p. 241. J.A. Fitzgerald, 1985. Accessed August 25, 2016. "Pankok was born in Salem July 9, 1931."
  134. ↑ John R. Patrick, Lehigh University. Accessed September 30, 2015. "Birthplace: Salem, NJ"
  135. ↑ Bass, Alison. "Chemistry Nobel Is Shared By 3; 2 Win In Physics", The Boston Globe, October 15, 1987. Accessed September 30, 2015. "Pedersen, 83, reached at his home in Salem, N.J., told reporters: 'I've never had an experience like this. It is a great honor.'"
  136. ↑ "Rock, John S. (1825-1866)", BlackPast.org. Accessed August 31, 2017. "John S. Rock was born to free black parents in Salem, New Jersey in 1825."
  137. ↑ Still, William (1872). The underground rail road. A record of facts, authentic narratives, letters, &c., narrating the hardships, hair-breadth escapes, and death struggles of the slaves in their efforts for freedom, as related by themselves and others, or witnessed by the author; together with sketches of some of the largest stockholders, and most liberal aiders and advisers, of the road. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Philadelphia, Porter & Coates.
  138. ↑ Clement Hall Sinnickson, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed June 26, 2007.
  139. ↑ Alice Barber Stephens, Schwarz Gallery. Accessed September 30, 2015. "The painter and illustrator Alice Barber Stephens was born in Salem, New Jersey."
  140. ↑ Potrykus, Jeff. "UW freshman tailback Jonathan Taylor appears ready to play this season if needed", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, August 19, 2017. Accessed September 17, 2017. "Taylor, from Salem, N.J., has flashed both speed and power during preseason camp and impressed running backs coach John Settle by picking up the offense quickly.... Taylor, who has been timed at 10.49 seconds in the 100-meter dash, rushed for a state-record 2,815 yards as a senior at Salem High School."
  141. ↑ John Test, Indiana State Library. Accessed November 4, 2013. "John Test was born on November 12, 1771, in Salem, New Jersey."
  142. ↑ Thompson, Hedge, (1780 - 1828), Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 30, 2015. "Thompson, Hedge, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Salem, N.J., January 28, 1780"
  143. ↑ White, James Terry. The National Cyclopedia of American Biography, p. 216. J.T. White, 1900. Accessed September 30, 2015. "Trenchard, Edward, naval officer, was born at Salem, Salem co., N. J., in 1784."
  144. ↑ Jay Venuto, Pro Football Archives. Accessed April 28, 2023. "Born: February 5, 1958 Salem, NJ"
  145. ↑ Staff. "John Waddington, 70, Jersey Aide", The New York Times, June 4, 1981. Accessed September 30, 2015. "John A. Waddington, former New Jersey State Senator and director of the State Division of Motor Vehicles, died Monday at the Salem County Memorial Hospital in Salem, N.J. He was 70 years old and lived in Salem."

Bibliography

  • Shourds, Thomas (1876), History and genealogy of Fenwick's Colony, New Jersey, New Jersey: Bridgeton, ISBN 0-8063-0714-5
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