Feni
ফেনী
District of Bangladesh
From top: Asgar Ali Chowdhury Mosque, Sharshadi Shahi Mosque, Chandgaji Bhuiyan Mosque, Mohammad Ali chowdhury mosque, Wind electricity-Muhuri Project and Feni ShathMoth
Location of Feni District within Bangladesh
Location of Feni District within Bangladesh
Expandable map of Feni District
Coordinates: 23°00′N 91°24′E / 23.000°N 91.400°E / 23.000; 91.400
Country Bangladesh
DivisionChittagong Division
Formed15 February 1980 (proposed)
6 December 1984 (finally established as 64th District)
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerMusammat Shahina Akter
Area
 • Total928.34 km2 (358.43 sq mi)
 • Metro
197.33 km2 (76.19 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total1,648,896
 • Density1,800/km2 (4,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code
3900
HDI (2018)0.596[2]
medium · 11th of 21
Calling code0331
Notable sport teamsFeni SC
NoFeL SC
Websitewww.feni.gov.bd

Feni is a district situated in the southeast of Bangladesh. Historically, it was part of the larger regions of Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong, and Tripura, and separated from Pakistan's control on December 6, 1971. As of 2022, the estimated population of the district was about 1,648,896, with the density of 1451 people (per sq km).The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also serves as the headquarters of Feni Sadar Upazila in the central section of the district. The original name of the district was Shamshernagar, which served as a mahakuma under the district of Noakhali (greater part), Comilla (few part) and Chittagong District (at rest) until 6 December 1984.[3] It is the 64th Number Districts of Bangladesh. The district consists of six sub-districts: Sonagazi, Fulgazi, Parshuram, Daganbhuiyan, Chhagalnaiya and Feni Sadar.

History

In the opinion of most historians, the area of this district is more ancient than the other areas of the greater Noakhali region. Many archaeological antiquities were found in this district which proves the claim. In ancient times, maximum area of the Noakhali region was under water except this area.

Before 1984, it was a mahakuma of Noakhali district. In 1872–74, Amirgaon thana which was established by the Mughals was facing river erosion. Then it was moved to Khaiarat which was situated by the river Feni. Then this area was known as Feni because of the river. In 1976, a new mahakuma was established and the Khaiarat thana was moved to this new mahakuma and the mahakuma was named Feni. The first headquarter of the mahakuma was in Amirgaon thana. It was moved to Feni in 1881. During the administrative reconstruction in 1984, all the mahakumas were upgraded to districts and Feni became one of them.[4]

Etymology

The name "Feni" was derived from Feni river. The name "Feni" ( ফেনী in Bengali language) can be found in the literary works of poets during the 16th century as river stream and as a ghat for ferry crossing. Kbindra Parameshwar used the word describing the description of Paragalpur. In 17th century, in the Persian book "Baharistan-i-Ghaibi" , written by Mirza Nathan the word "Feni" became "Feni". In the literary works of poets, the word was used as a river.[4]

Geography

Feni has a total area of 928.34 km2. It has boundaries with Comilla District and Tripura state of India in the north, Chittagong District and Bay of Bengal in the south, Chittagong District and Tripura state in the east and Noakhali District in the west. Feni District has 6 upazilas and 43 unions. Feni, Mahuri, Kuhuri, Silonia and Kalidas Pahalia river are some of the major rivers of the district. Total forest area in the district is 2179.22 hectares.[5][6]

Administration

Feni District has 6 upazilas, 6 thanas, 5 municipalities, 43 unions, 564 villages and 540 mouzas.[7][8]

Name of UpazilaArea (Square k.m)HeadquarterUnionPopulation
Feni Sadar Upazila197.33Feni12404,498
Daganbhuiyan Upazila165.84Daganbhuiyan8225,464
Chhagalnaiya Upazila133.49Chhagalnaiya6170,524
Sonagazi Upazila205.07Sonagazi9235,229
Parshuram Upazila97.57Parshuram394,378
Fulgazi Upazila99.03Fulgazi6110,291

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1974 760,015—    
1981 898,851+2.43%
1991 1,096,745+2.01%
2001 1,240,384+1.24%
2011 1,437,371+1.48%
2022 1,648,896+1.26%
Sources:[1][9]

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Feni District had 377,189 households and a population of 1,648,896, 40.5% of whom lived in urban areas. The population density was 1,665 people per km2. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 80.6%, compared to the national average of 74.7%.[1]

Religions in Feni district (2011)[9]
Religion Percent
Muslims
 
 94.12%
Hindus
 
 5.83%
Other or not stated
 
 0.05%
Religion in present-day Feni district[lower-alpha 1]
Religion Population (1941)[10]: 102–103  Percentage (1941) Population (2011)[9] Percentage (2011)
Islam 384,593 76.51% 1,352,866 94.12%
Hinduism 117,958 23.47% 83,773 5.83%
Others [lower-alpha 2] 123 0.02% 732 0.05%
Total Population 502,674 100% 1,437,371 100%

Majority of the people of this area are Muslim. 94.12% are Muslims, 5.83% Hindus.[6][7] The population density is about 1451 people per square kilometer.[11]

Economy

The main occupation of the people of the district are agriculture & Foreign Remittance. The main source of incomes are: agriculture 21%, non-agricultural labourer 2.57%, industry 35%, commerce 15.98%, transport and communication 4.66%, construction 1.86%, religious service 0.43%, rent and remittance 11.53% and others 12.19%. There are two industrial areas in this district. Total number of heavy industries are 4, medium industries are 17, small industries are 826 and cottage industries are 3419. There is a gas field in Dhalia union of Feni sadar area. Total area of agriculture land is 75,922 hectares and arable land is 74,720 hectare.[6][7]

Education

There are many of degree college, 10 higher secondary colleges, one girls' cadet college, one polytechnic institute, one computer institute, 155 high schools, 19 junior secondary schools, 97 madrasas, one teachers training college, one primary teacher's training institute and 528 government primary schools. Major educational institutions are:

College
Diploma Institute
High School
Madrasah
  • Aftab bibi Fazil Madrasah

Health

There are one modern government general hospital, 5 upazila health complexes, one heart foundation hospital, one diabetic hospital, one chest disease clinic (tuberculosis), one trauma center, one mother and child care center, one nursing training institute, 19 union health centers, 33 union family care centers and 114 community clinics.[6]

There was a private medical college named Feni Medical College from 1997 to 2004.[12]

Transport

There is direct connection to the district from Dhaka. Total length of national highway is 31 km (Dhaka-Chittagong) and 20 km (Feni-Noakhali). Total length of concrete road is 1044.85 km, half-concrete road is 87.96 km and dirt road is 2,132.96 km. Star line travels, S. Alam travels, Keya travels, Saudia travels, Shyamoli travels, Sohag travels, Unique travels, Green Line travels etc. are major inter-division bus travel agencies.

Mahanagar Pravati, Paharika, Meghna, Udayan, Mahanagar Godhuli. Turnanishitha, Chattagram Mail, Karnaphuli, Jalalabad, Sagarika and Mymensingh Express are the trains servicing the district to travel various district.[13]

Member of the 11th parliament

Reference:[14]

Seat Name of MP Political Party
Feni-1 Shirin Akhter Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal
Feni-2 Hazari Gang Bangladesh Awami League
Feni-3 Masud Uddin Chowdhury Jatiya Party

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Feni subdivision of Noakhali district
  2. ↑ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References

  1. 1 2 3 Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. August 2022. pp. viii, 29, 38, 45. ISBN 978-984-35-2977-0.
  2. ↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  3. ↑ Sultan, Tipu (2012). "Feni District". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  4. 1 2 "History of district". Bangladesh national portal. Archived from the original on 2018-09-13. Retrieved 2019-04-13.
  5. ↑ "Rivers of district". Bangladesh national portal.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "District at a glance". Bangladesh national portal.
  7. 1 2 3 "Feni District". Banglapedia.
  8. ↑ প্রশাসনিক কাঠামো. feni.gov.bd. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Feni" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
  10. ↑ "Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF).
  11. ↑ "এক নজরে ফেনী জেলা - ফেনী জেলা-". www.feni.gov.bd. Archived from the original on 2018-06-02.
  12. ↑ "Feni Medical College and Hospital Ltd". OpenCorporates.
  13. ↑ "Transportation of district". Bangladesh national portal.
  14. ↑ "List of 11th parliament member of Bangladesh". Bangladesh Parliament.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 প্রখ্যাত ব্যক্তিত্ব [Eminent personalities]. Bangladesh National Portal.
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