Eschenmoser's salt
Eschenmoser's salt
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
N,N-Dimethylmethaniminium iodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.046.968
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C3H8N.HI/c1-4(2)3;/h1H2,2-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 checkY
    Key: VVDUZZGYBOWDSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M checkY
  • InChI=1/C3H8N.HI/c1-4(2)3;/h1H2,2-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
    Key: VVDUZZGYBOWDSQ-REWHXWOFAW
  • C[N+](C)=C.[I-]
  • [I-].[N+](=C)(C)C
Properties
C3H8NI
Molar mass 185.01 g/mol
Appearance colorless hygroscopic crystals
Melting point 116 °C (241 °F; 389 K)
decomposes
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H315, H319, H335
P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

In organic chemistry, Eschenmoser's salt (named for Albert Eschenmoser) is the ionic, organic compound [(CH3)2NCH2]I. It is the iodide salt of the dimethylaminomethylene cation [(CH3)2NCH2]+.

The dimethylaminomethylene cation is a strong dimethylaminomethylating agent, used to prepare derivatives of the type RCH2N(CH3)2.[1][2] Enolates, silyl enol ethers, and even more acidic ketones undergo efficient dimethylaminomethylation. Once prepared, such tertiary amines can be further methylated and then subjected to base-induced elimination to afford methylidenated ketones. The salt was first prepared by the group of Albert Eschenmoser[3] after whom the reagent is named.

Structure and bonding

Dimethylaminomethylene cation is described as a resonance hybrid of the carbocation and an iminium cation:

The C3N atoms are coplanar. The cation is isoelectronic with isobutene.

Preparation

Pyrolysis of iodomethyltrimethylammonium iodide affords the desired salt:[3]

An alternative route starts with bis(dimethylamino)methane:

Other salts of the dimethylaminomethylene cation:

  • Dimethyl(methylidene)ammonium trifluoroacetate.[4][1]
  • Dimethyl(methylidene)ammonium chloride (Böhme's salt[1], after Horst Böhme)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 E. F. Kleinman in "Dimethylmethyleneammonium Iodide and Chloride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rd346
  2. ↑ Horst Böhme; Eberhard Mundlos; Otto-Erich Herboth (1957). "Über Darstellung und Eigenschaften α-Halogenierter Amine". Chemische Berichte. 90 (9): 2003–2008. doi:10.1002/cber.19570900942.
  3. 1 2 Jakob Schreiber; Hans Maag; Naoto Hashimoto; Albert Eschenmoser (1971). "Dimethyl(methylene)ammonium Iodide". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 10 (5): 330–331. doi:10.1002/anie.197103301.
  4. ↑ Gaudry, Michel; Jasor, Yves; Khac, Trung Bui (1979). "Regioselective Mannich Condensation with Dimethyl(Methylene)Ammonium Trifluoroacetate: 1-(Dimethylamino)-4-Methyl-3-Pentanone". Organic Syntheses. 59: 153. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.059.0153.
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