This is an inventory of military equipment of the Syrian Arab Army.[1] The organization and military doctrine of the Syrian Armed Forces followed a mix of French and Western influences as the Soviet Union closely guarded its operational principles and never shared them with client states. The Syrian Arab Army has traditionally relied on the Russian Federation and its predecessor the Soviet Union as its main supplier of military equipment. As a result of the Syrian Civil War, many vehicles and much heavy equipment has been destroyed or captured, with some stores being partially replenished from Russian stocks. Accurate numbers for equipment in the Army's inventory are difficult to ascertain. The numbers listed below should be regarded as optimistic estimates. Some armored vehicles were lost in past decades without being accounted for, while many others were not operational (or even beyond repair) at the start of the Syrian Civil War due to being in long-term storage with minimal or no maintenance. Given these factors, it has been estimated that more realistic estimates would be about 33% lower than what is listed below.[2]

Individual equipment

Name Photo Origin Type Quantity Notes
Camouflage & Uniforms
Lizard  France Combat uniform N/A Former standard combat uniform of Syrian Army during the 1960s and 1970s.[3]
DPM pattern  United Kingdom Combat uniform N/A Locally made copy.[4]
ERDL pattern  United States Combat uniform N/A Standard combat uniform for the Syrian Army since the 1990s. Locally produced as the Leaf Pattern. Used as main camouflage pattern during the Syrian civil war.[4]
M81 Woodland  United States Combat uniform N/A Locally made copy.[4]
Helmets
JK 96 helmet  China Combat helmet N/A Standard combat helmet.[5]
Advanced Combat Helmet
 Iran Combat helmet N/A Iran made copy. Used by Republican Guard and special forces.
FAST
 RussiaCombat helmetN/AUsed by Republican Guard and special forces.
6B47
 RussiaCombat helmetN/ASince 2016, some units of the Syrian Army were equipped with Ratnik.[6]
SSh-68  Soviet Union Combat helmet N/A For the reserve forces.[7]
Protective gear
PASGT  United States Combat helmet, ballistic vest N/A China/Syria made copy.
TAT-BA-7  China Ballistic vest N/A Standard issue for regular infantry.
6B45
 Russia Ballistic vest N/A Supplied by Russia.[6]
6B46
 Russia Plate carrier N/A Supplied by Russia.[6]
Ruyin-3  Iran Ballistic vest N/A Used by Republican Guard and special forces.
Protection against chemical contamination
GP-5 gas mask  Soviet Union Gas mask N/A
PMK gas mask
 Soviet Union Gas mask N/A

Pistols

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
Makarov PM Soviet Union9×18mm Makarov8-round magazine. Main service pistol of the Syrian Army. 65,000 units.
PB Besshumnyy  Soviet Union9×18mm Makarov8-round magazine.
Tokarev TT-33  Soviet Union7.62×25mm Tokarev8-round magazine.
Stechkin-APS  Soviet Union9×18mm Makarov20-round detachable magazine.
Browning Hi-Power Belgium9×19mm Parabellum13-round magazine. Main police service pistol.
Girsan Regard Compact  Turkey 9x19mm Parabellum Brought from Turkey before 2011.[8]
GSh-18 Russia9×19mm Parabellum18-round detachable magazine. Used by Syrian Armed Forces and Police. 12,000 units.
MP-446 Viking  Russia9×19mm Parabellum18-round magazine. Used by 25th Special Mission Forces Division. 23,000 units.[9][10]

Carbines

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
AKS-74U Soviet Union
 Russia		5.45×39mm M7430-round magazine. Main service carbine.[11]
9A-91 Russia9×39mm20-round magazine. Limited usage by the Syrian Army. Seen during the Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013) in Qaboun.
AK-104  Russia7.62×39mm M4330-round magazine. With the arrival of Russian military advisors in late 2015, some Syrian Army units were equipped with AK-104s attached with telescopic sights.[12]
AK-105  Russia5.45×39mmUsed by some Syrian special forces.[13]

Battle rifles

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
FN FAL[14] Belgium7.62×51mm NATO20 or 30-round detachable box magazine.

Assault rifles

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
AKM / AKMS  Soviet Union7.62×39mm M4330-round magazine, main service rifle. 75,000-80,000 units.
Type 56 People's Republic of China7.62×39mm M4330-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force. 12,000 units.[15]
AK-47[16] Soviet Union7.62×39mm M43/M6730-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force.
AK-74
AKS-74
 Soviet Union5.45×39mmModerate usage. Most of them given to the Syrian Army by Russian forces.[11]
AK-74M  Russia 5.45×39mm M7430-round magazine, widely used by Airborne Special Forces and other military units.[17][18]
AK-9 Russia9×39mm20-round detachable box magazine. Used by the Syrian Army and Police.
Type 81 People's Republic of China7.62×39mm30-round magazine, captured from militants.[19]
Norinco CQ People's Republic of China5.56×45mm NATO30-round box magazine, captured from militants.[20]
Zastava M70  Yugoslavia7.62×39mm M4330-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
MPi-KM  East Germany7.62x39mm M4330-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
PM md. 63Romania Socialist Republic of Romania7.62×39mm30-round detachable box magazine.
FB Tantal Polish People's Republic5.45×39mmLimited usage, captured from rebels.[21]
Sa vz. 58 Czechoslovakia7.62×39mm M4330-round magazine.
AK-63[22] People's Republic of Hungary7.62×39mm10, 20 or 30-round magazine. Captured from militants.
AMD 65[23] People's Republic of Hungary7.62×39mm M4330-round magazine.
VHS Croatia5.56×45mm NATO30-round magazine. Supplied by Iraq in 2013.[24]
FAMAS  France 5.56×45mm NATO 25-round detachable box magazine. FAMAS F1 variant. Moderate usage by Syrian Army.[25]
M16A2  United States 5.56x45mm NATO Rare. Captured from dead militants and in one instance defecting fighters.[26]

Sniper rifles

Name Photo Type Origin Cartridge Notes
Dragunov SVD[27]Sniper rifle Soviet Union7.62×54mmR10-round magazine, main sniper rifle.
PSLSniper rifleRomania Socialist Republic of Romania7.62×54mmR10-round magazine.
Zastava M91Sniper rifleFederal Republic of Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia7.62×54mmR10-round magazine. Captured from the Syrian Democratic Forces.
Zastava M93[28]Anti-material rifleFederal Republic of Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia12.7×108mm10-round magazine.
Steyr SSG 69[14]Sniper rifle Austria7.62×51mm NATO5-round magazine.
AWMBolt action sniper rifle United Kingdom.338 Lapua Magnum5-round box magazine. Supplied by Russia in 2015. Used by special forces.[29]
AWSMBolt action sniper rifle United Kingdom.338 Lapua Magnum5-round detachable box magazine. Supplied by Russia in 2015. Used by special forces.[30]
Orsis T-5000Sniper rifle Russia7.62×51mm NATO5-round magazine. In late 2015, Russia supplied the Syrian Army with the Orsis T-5000.[31]
MTs-116M Sniper rifle  Russia7.62×54mmR5- to 10-round magazine. Used by Syrian Republican Guard[32][33]
SV-98Sniper rifle  Russia7.62×51mm NATO10-round magazine. Used by Syrian Republican Guard.[34]
ASVKAnti-material rifle  Russia12.7×108mm10-round detachable box magazine, moderate usage.[35]
OSV-96Anti-material rifle  Russia12.7×108mm5-round magazine. Used by Syrian Republican Guard.[36]
VSK-94Designated marksman rifle  Russia9x39mm20-round detachable box magazine. Used by Syrian Republican Guard and special forces.[37]
VSS Vintorez

Designated marksman rifle  Soviet Union9x39mm 10 or 20-round detachable box magazine.
Heckler & Koch G3

Designated marksman rifle  Germany7.62×51mm NATO 10, 20 or 40-round detachable box magazine. G3A4 and G3A3 variants. Used by Syrian Republican Guard.[38]
FN FAL

Designated marksman rifle  Belgium.308 Winchester 20 or 30-round detachable box magazine. 12,000 rifles were bought in 1957.[39] Syria produced 7.62×51mm cartridges[39] and acquired FALs from other sources.[39] Standard designated marksman rifle of SAA.[38]
Tabuk Sniper Rifle[40]
Designated marksman rifle Iraq7.62×39mmR30-round box magazine.
Sayyad-2
Golan S-01		Anti-material rifle Iran
 Syria		.50 BMGSingle shot bolt-action. Copy of Austrian HS .50. In service with Syrian Army and special forces.[38]
By 2018, Syria start to produce it under the Golan S0-1 name.[41]

Shotguns

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
Vepr-12 Russia12 Gauge20- or 25-round detachable drum magazine. VPO-205-03 variant. Supplied by Russia.

Light machine guns

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
RPK  Soviet Union 7.62x39mm M4340-round or 75-round magazine. Main service LMG of the Syrian Army.
RPD  Soviet Union7.62×39mm M43100-round drum magazine, former main service LMG.
Type 73[42]  North Korea 7.62×54mmR40-round magazine. Main service LMG of the Syrian Army.[43]
FN Minimi  Belgium5.56×45mmRare. Captured from dead militants.[44]

Medium machine guns

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
DS-39 Degtyaryov Soviet Union7.62×54mmR250-round belt. Limited service, mostly in reserve.
SG-43 Goryunov  Soviet Union 7.62x54mmR200 or 250-round belts. Limited service, most common variant SGMT is mounted on T-55 tanks.[45]

Heavy machine guns

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
NSV  Soviet Union 12.7×108mm50-round belt, main service HMG of the SAA.[46]
DShKM  Soviet Union 12.7x108mm50-round belt, moderate usage.
KPV  Soviet Union14.5×114mm40-round belt, moderate usage.
Kord Russia 12.7×108mm50-round belt, limited usage, mostly used by Syrian Police.[35]
W85 China 12.7×108mm60-round belt, moderate usage.[47]

General-purpose machine guns

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
PKM Soviet Union7.62×54mmR100-round magazine, main service machine gun of the Syrian Army.
Pecheneg machine gun[48][49] Russia 7.62x54mmR100 and 200-round belt magazine. Moderate usage.[50]
Type 67 People's Republic of China 7.62x54mmR100 and 250-round belt. Limited usage.[51][52]
Type 80 China People's Republic of China 7.62x54mmR100-round magazine. Moderate usage.
M240B
  United States 7.62x51mm NATOExtremely rare. 2 were captured from defecting Maghawir Thawra fighters.[26][53]

Submachine guns

Name Photo Origin Cartridge Notes
MAT-49  France 9×19mm Parabellum20-round magazine, main service SMG of the SAA.
FB PM-63  Polish People's Republic 9×19mm Parabellum25-round magazine. Supplied by Poland before 1989.[54]

Grenades

Name Photo Type Origin Diameter Notes
F-1Hand grenade  Soviet Union55mm4 meter kill radius, 3.5-4 second fuse.
RGD-5 Hand grenade  Soviet Union58mmPropels ~350 fragments, 5 meter kill radius, 3.2–4 second fuse.
RPG-43Anti-tank grenade  Soviet Union95mm75mm RHA penetration, hard impact activates impact fuse.
RKG-3 Anti-tank grenade  Soviet Union170 mm RHA penetration, impact fuse.

Grenade launchers

Name Photo Type Origin Cartridge Notes
GP-25[17]
GP-25/GP-30M/GP-34		 Grenade launcher  Soviet Union40x53mm grenadeSingle shot under-barrel grenade launcher.
AGS-17Automatic grenade launcher  Soviet Union30×29mm grenadeBelt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire. Seen in use by the Syrian Republican Guard.[55]
RG-6 grenade launcherAutomatic grenade launcher  Russia40x53mm grenade (GP-25)Belt fed with 6-round drums. Seen in use by the Syrian Republican Guard and Tiger Forces.

Mines

Name Photo Type Origin Detonation Notes
PMN mine[56]Anti-personnel mine  Soviet UnionPressure~240g TNT, anti-personnel blast mine.
PMD series mines Anti-personnel mine  Soviet Union PressureWooden box with a slot and detonator.
TM-35 mine Anti-tank mine  Soviet Union Pressure2.8 kg of TNT.
TM-38 mine Anti-tank mine  Soviet Union PressureDetonates when there is 440 lbs of pressure.
TM-41 mine Anti-tank mine  Soviet Union Pressure3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate.
TM-44 mine Anti-tank mine  Soviet Union Pressure5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine.
TM-46 mine Anti-tank mine  Soviet Union Pressure5.7 kg of TNT.
TM-57 mine Anti-tank mine  Soviet Union Pressure6.3 kg of TNT.
TM-62 series of mines Anti-tank mine  Soviet Union Pressure7.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-3 mine Anti-tank mine  YugoslaviaPressure6.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-4 mine Anti-tank mine  Yugoslavia Pressure5.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-5 mine Anti-tank mine  Yugoslavia Pressure5.5 kg of TNT.
TM-72 mine Anti-tank mine  RussiaMagnetic influence fuse100 mm RHA penetration, cylindrical metal-cased anti-tank mine.
TM-83 mine Anti-tank mine  RussiaSeismic sensors9.6 kg of TNT.
TM-89 mine Anti-tank mine  Russia Seismic sensors6.7 kg of TNT.
M18A2[57]Anti-personnel mine  IranPressure2,7kg TNT, directional anti-personnel blast mine.

Anti-tank

Name Photo Type Origin Caliber Quantity Notes
RPG-2Recoilless rifle Soviet Union 82mmPG-2 (82 mm) ammunition.
RPG-7Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union 40mmAmmunition: PG-7V (85 mm) PG-7VL (93 mm) PG-7VR (64/105mm) OG-7V (40 mm).
RPG-18 Disposable rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union 64mm
RPG-22 Disposable rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union 72.5mmCaptured from militants.[58]
RPG-26 Disposable rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union 72.5mmSupplied by Russia.[59]
RPG-29[60] Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union 105mm65 mm & 105 mm ammunition.
RPG-30 Rocket-propelled grenade  Russia 105mm Supplied by Russia.[61]
RPG-75 Disposable rocket-propelled grenade Czechoslovakia 68mm68mm projectile and range 300m. Caliber 68 mm. Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.[62]
RPO-A Shmel[63]Anti-tank missile launcher Soviet Union 93mm20 m – 1000 m (sighting range is 600 m)

RPO-M is 1700 m (sighting range is 800 m).

M79 OsaAnti-tank rocket launcher Yugoslavia 90mmHundreds were captured from rebel groups.
SPG-9Recoilless rifle Soviet Union 73mm
B-10[64] Recoilless rifle  Soviet Union 82mm
B-11[64] Recoilless rifle  Soviet Union 107mm
M40[65] Recoilless rifle Iran 106mm
SS.11Anti-tank missile France 486
HOT[64] Anti-tank missile France
 West Germany		 1000
MILAN Anti-tank guided missile  France ~1500[66]
3M6 Shmel (AT-1 Snapper) Anti-tank missile Soviet Union 486
3M11 Falanga (AT-2 Swatter) Anti-tank missile  Soviet Union 200In storage.
9K11 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger) Anti-tank guided missile  Soviet Union 410Possibly in storage.[1] Used during the Syrian Civil War.
9K111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot) Anti-tank guided missile  Soviet Union 150[1]
9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel) Anti-tank guided missile  Soviet Union 40[1]
9K115 Metis (AT-7 Saxhorn) Anti-tank guided missile  Soviet Union N/A
9M117 Bastion (AT-10 Stabber) Anti-tank missile  Soviet Union 800[1]
9M119 Svir (AT-11 Sniper) Anti-tank missile Russia N/A
9K115-2 Metis-M (AT-13 Saxhorn-2) Anti-tank guided missile  Russia N/APresence confirmed by use of looted 9K115-2 systems by rebels.[67]
9M133 Kornet (AT-14 Spriggan) Anti-tank guided missile  Russia 2500 at least [1]Received between 2002 and 2006 about 1,500 from Russia.[68]
9M133M Kornet-M Anti-tank guided missile  Russia N/A[1]Supplied by Russia in 2020. Moderate usage by Syrian Army.
KM-1M Krasnopol-M2 High precision laser-guided artillery system  Russia 155 mm N/A Used as Howitzer ammunition.[69]
Toophan Anti-tank guided missile  Iran N/AIranian copy of the BGM-71 TOW.[70]
Saegheh-2 Anti-tank guided missile Iran N/AIranian copy of the M47 Dragon.
BGM-71 TOWAnti-tank missile United States N/ACaptured from rebel groups[71]

MANPADS

Name Photo Origin Quantity Notes
9K32 Strela-2 (SA-7) Soviet Union4,000+[1]
9K34 Strela-3 (SA-14)  Soviet Union100[1]
9K38 Igla-1 (SA-16)  Soviet UnionN/A[72]
9K38 Igla (SA-18) RussiaN/A[1]
9K338 Igla-S (SA-24)  RussiaN/A[64]Delivered by Russia.
9K333 Verba (SA-29 Gizmo) RussiaN/ADelivered by Russia.[73]
KRL Anza  Pakistan N/A Anza Mk. II variant in limited service. Captured from rebels.[74]
FN-6 People's Republic of China~100Captured from rebel groups.[75]
HT-16PGJ North KoreaN/ADelivered by North Korea in 2004.[76]
Misagh-1 IranN/ADelivered by Iran.[77]

Vehicles

Tanks

Name Photo Quantity Origin Notes
T-55/A/MV/AM/AMV[78]1200+[2] (as of 2020) Soviet Union2,000 received from the Soviet Union.[2] A and AMV variants have been upgraded with Kontakt-1 armor and 9M117 Bastion.[79] More than 682 claimed destroyed or captured by armed groups since March 2011.[2] 200 T-55s were upgraded to MV standard by Ukraine in 1997 and AM variant by North Korea in 1980s.[80] Some T-55s upgraded with locally developped Viper thermal imager, assembled from foreign components.[81] All T-55s upgraded with soft-kill Sarab Active Protection System.[82]
T-62/A/ obr. 1972/ obr. 1975 /K/M/MV~634 (2017)[2]
750+ (as of 2020)		  Soviet Union1,000 in service as of 2010, more than 366 claimed captured/destroyed by rebels. At least several dozens of T-62M with 9M117 Bastion delivered by Russia since 2017.[83][84] Up to 100 would have been sent.[85] In 2018, Russia reactivated and field-tested T-62MV variant with from war stores and transported them to Syria.[86] Most T-62s upgraded with soft-kill Sarab Active Protection System.[82]
T-72/A/AV/ TURMS-T /S/M/M1/M1M/M1S/ B obr. 1989/B3/Adra[87]700+[2][88] (as of 2020)  Soviet Union
 Czechoslovakia
 Russia		More than 1500 in 2010, some upgraded by Russia, 122 by Italy. More than 850 claimed destroyed / captured by rebels.[2] Approximately 300 in 2014. T-72Bs as well as ones with Kontakt-5 were delivered by Russia in 2015–2016.[89] At least few dozens of T-72B3 in Syrian service as of 2023.[90][91]

T-72M/A/AV upgraded with locally assembled Viper thermal imager and Kontakt-1.[92] All T-72s were fitted with locally developped soft-kill Sarab Active Protection System providing jamming capabilities.[93]

T-90/obr. 1992/A/AM/S[94]~70[95][96]  RussiaRussia supplied 30 T-90 obr. 1992 and T-90As equipped with Shtora-1 and Kontakt-5 in late 2015.[97][95] Russia has supplied T-90 tanks to the 25th Special Mission Forces Division and 4th Mechanized Division.[98] A battalion containing 40 T-90A tanks delivered in 2017.[96] 3 were captured during the Syrian Civil War, two by HTS rebels and one by ISIS fighters. Another 10 were hit.[95]

Infantry fighting vehicles

Name Photo Quantity Origin Notes
BMP-1/P[83]1,044[2] (2017)
1100+ (2020)		 Soviet Union2,000 as of 2011. Around 956 destroyed, damaged and captured by armed groups since March 2011.[2] Additional vehicles delivered by Russia.[99]
BMP-2/obr. 80/obr. 84/obr. 8674[2] (2017)
100+ (2020)[100]		  Soviet Union100 as of 2011. 26 destroyed, damaged and captured by armed groups. Additional units delivered by Russia between 2015–19.[100]

Armoured personnel carriers

Name Photo Origin Quantity Notes
BTR-50  Soviet Union550During the war, some BTR-50s have been reactivated and issued to the mechanized infantry.[101]
BTR-60PB/PU-12  Soviet Union650Most were scrapped. Others are used by police and security forces.[102]
BTR-70  Soviet Union10+BTR-70M variant.[103] Supplied by Russia in 2018.[104][105]
BTR-80  Soviet Union
 Russia		20+Several BTR-80s were given by Russia between 2013 and 2015.[106]
BTR-82A  Russia30+More BTR-82As delivered by Russia in 2015.[107][106]
BTR-152  Soviet Union289Mostly used by Law enforcement in Syria, 7 lost in the civil war.
MT-LB/M  Soviet Union N/AAdditional units delivered by Russia.[84]
BVP-1 AMB-S Czechoslovakia50Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.[108] Variant of the BMP-1. Deployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War, some were lost.
BMPT-72 Terminator 2  Russia N/A[109] Chassis from Soviet T-72 tank. Supplied by Russia in 2017.[110]
GAZ-2975 Tigr Russia N/AUsed by 25th Special Mission Forces Division.[111]
BPM-97 Russia N/ADozor and Vystrel-M variants. Supplied by Russia.
OT-64 SKOT Czechoslovakia
 Polish People's Republic		N/A300 OT-64A ordered from Czechoslovakia in 1976 and delivered between 1977 and 1979, some captured by rebels.[112] As of 2018 still in use.[113]
Otokar Cobra Turkey~2Syrian Army captured an Otokar Cobra from ISIS during the East Aleppo Offensive.[114] Before that, ISIS captured it from the Turkish military during the Battle of al-Bab.
FNSS ACV-15  Turkey 1 Captured from ISIL after ISIL captured the vehicle from the Turkish Army[114]

Reconnaissance vehicles

Name Photo Type Origin Quantity Notes
BRM-1K Armoured reconnaissance vehicle  Soviet Union N/A Supplied by Russia between 2017–18.[84]
PRP-4A Argus Artillery reconnaissance vehicle  Russia N/A Supplied by Russia between 2015–17.[84]
BRDM-2 Scout car  Soviet Union
 Russia		 700 Some armed with 9K11 Malyutka and Strela-1 ATGM.
1,200 received from the Soviet Union by 1975. Around 20 lost in the civil war.[115] 2MS variant delivered in 2022.

Military engineering

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BREM-1 / BREM-2[116]Armoured recovery vehicle100 Soviet UnionDeployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War. 4 BREM-1 and 4 BREM-2 lost in the civil war.
IMR-2Combat engineering vehicleN/A  Soviet UnionM1, M2 variants supplied by Russia in 2016.[117]
UR-77 MeteoritMine clearing vehicle/Explosive charge throwerN/A  Soviet UnionIt was deployed during Operation Damascus Steel, the explosive charge was used to destroy trenches and enemy firing positions.[118]
PTSAmphibious tracked transport carrierN/A Soviet Union
MTU-72Armoured vehicle-launched bridgeN/A Soviet Union
MTU-20[64]Armoured vehicle-launched bridgeN/A Soviet Union
MT-55/A/KSArmoured vehicle-launched bridgeN/A CzechoslovakiaSupplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.[119]

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
KrAZ-63226×6 off-road truck~70 UkraineBought before the war.[120]
MAZ-63176×6 utility truckN/A BelarusUtility truck. Produced under license in Syria.
MAZ-73108×8 artillery truck200 Soviet UnionMain role is to carry the R-17 Elbrus Scud-B ballistic missile.
Ural-43206×6 off-road truck~900  Soviet Union25 Ural-4320-31 armored trucks were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal. Also Ural-43206 4×4 variant.
Ural-375D6×6 4.5 ton truck350  Soviet UnionTransport vehicle, another use is being a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL-1304×2 4.3 ton truckN/A  Soviet UnionCargo truck.
ZIL-1316×6 3.5 ton truck300  Soviet UnionCargo truck, also can become a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL-135Artillery truck84  Soviet UnionMain role is to carry the FROG-7 ballistic missile.
ZIL-1576×6 2.5 ton truck84  Soviet UnionTransport vehicle for motorized infantry.
GAZ-664×4 off-road truck200 Soviet UnionTransport vehicle for motorized infantry.
GAZ-33084×4 utility truck144[121] RussiaTransport vehicle for motorized infantry.
KamAZ-431146×6 side truck100 Russia50 were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.
GAZ SobolMilitary ambulanceN/A RussiaSupplied by Russia before the war.[122]
Praga V3S[65]6×6 utility truckN/A CzechoslovakiaSupplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.[123]
Tatra 148[65]6×6 utility truckN/A CzechoslovakiaVNM variant. Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.[124] Transport vehicle for infantry.
Tatra 815[65]6×6 utility truckN/A CzechoslovakiaS3, V24 and V26 variants.[125][126] Supplied by Czechoslovakia before 1990.[127] Transport vehicle for infantry.
Mercedes-Benz Actros6×6 off road truckN/A GermanyChassis of the M-46 W-SPG.[128]
Iveco Trakker6×6 off road truckN/A ItalyChassis of the M-46 W-SPG.[128]
Sinotruk Howo4×4 side truck
6×6 utility truck		N/A People's Republic of ChinaTransport vehicle for motorized infantry.[129]
BJ2022Military All-terrain vehicleN/A People's Republic of China Brought from China in 2015.[130][131]
UAZ-469[132]Military All-terrain vehicleN/A Soviet Union UAZ-3151 and UAZ-31512 variants. New vehicles delivered by Russia in 2023.
Land Rover Series IIIAll-terrain vehicleN/A United Kingdom
Toyota Land Cruiser Utility vehicle N/A  Japan Model 70 is the most popular model in use.

Widely used as a Technical.[133]

Toyota Hilux Utility vehicle N/A  Japan Widely used as a Technical.[134]
Safir JeepMultipurpose military vehicleN/A IranSeen in use with Syrian military.[135]
Rys LMVInfantry mobility vehicleN/A Italy
 Russia		Syrian Army operates variant supplied by Russia in 2015–18.[136][137]
HumveeLight armored vehicle20+ United StatesCaptured from ISIL and other terrorists.

Artillery

Mortars

Name Photo Quantity Notes
HM 12  IranN/A60mm mortar.
L16 81mm mortar  United KingdomN/A81mm mortar.
PM-37  Soviet Union20082mm mortar. Also M-37M variant.[138]
2B14 Podnos[139]  Soviet UnionN/A82mm mortar.
2B9 Vasilek  Soviet UnionN/A82mm mortar. 2B9 and 2B9M variants.[140]
M1938  Soviet Union200120mm mortar.
PM-43[141]  Soviet Union700120mm mortar.
M1943  Soviet Union100160mm mortar.
M-160 mortar[79]  Soviet Union200160mm mortar.
M-240  Soviet Union30240mm mortar. 3F2 Gagara and 3O8 Nerpa ammunition. It was deployed during Operation Damascus Steel against militant groups in East Ghouta.[142]

Field artillery

Name Photo Quantity[64] Origin Type Notes
ZIS-3N/A Soviet UnionAnti-tank gun76mm.
D-44N/A  Soviet UnionAnti-tank gun85mm.
D-48N/A  Soviet UnionAnti-tank gun85mm.
BS-3N/A  Soviet UnionAnti-tank gun100mm.
T-1220+ Soviet UnionAnti-tank gun100mm.
D-74400  Soviet UnionField gun122mm. Supplied by Russia in 2015.[65]
M-46800+  Soviet UnionField gun130mm. Chinese BEE4 BB/RAP projectiles in use since 2007.[143] Mobile version in service.[144][128] More units supplied by Russia in 2023.
M-30150  Soviet UnionHowitzer122mm. 21 additional M-30s were delivered by Russia to Syria in May 2017.[84]
A-19100  Soviet UnionHowitzer122mm. As of 2000 in storage. Syrian army reactivated several units and used them against rebel forces in late 2016.
D-120  Soviet UnionHowitzer152mm. Probably decommissioned.
D-2020[141]  Soviet UnionHowitzer152mm. Krasnopol laser-guided projectile. Supplied by Russia in 2015.[65]
D-30600+  Soviet UnionHowitzer122mm. Chinese BEE4 BB/RAP projectiles in use since 2007.[143] More units supplied by Russia in 2023.
ML-2050  Soviet UnionHowitzer152mm. Used against ISIS in September 2016.
Msta-B[145]N/A Soviet UnionHowitzer152mm. Krasnopol laser-guided projectile. Supplied by Russia between 2015 and 2016.[146]
S-2320[147] Soviet UnionHowitzer180mm. VOF28 round with RAP projectile OF-23.[148] Used by Syrian Army in 2013 and 2015.[149]

Self-propelled field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
2S1 GvozdikaSelf-propelled howitzer206[2] Soviet Union122mm. 300 as of 2011. 94 lost in the civil war.[2]
2S3 Akatsiya89[2]152mm, 11 lost in the civil war.[2]
2S4 TyulpanMortar carrier24240mm
2S9 Nona[150]N/A120mm. Delivered by Russia in 2017.[100]

Multiple launch rocket systems

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BM-11Multiple rocket launcher100 North Korea122mm. Supplied by North Korea.[79]
BM-14N/A Soviet Union140mm. BM-14M and MM variants.[151]
BM-21 Grad100122mm, 4 BM-21 and 1 2B5 lost in the civil war.
BM-27 Uragan36220mm. Spotted in November 2014 during the Syrian Civil War, most likely delivered by Russia, 1 lost. Also known as "Ra'ad".[152]
BM-30 SmerchN/A300mm. Presence confirmed by use of the 9M55K cluster munition used by the system.[153] Syria received several BM-30s from either Belarus or more likely Russia in early 2014.[154]
TOS-1AThermobaric multiple rocket launcher8+ Russia220mm, some TOS-1As were delivered by Russia in 2015.[155]
Type 63 / Fajr1[141]Multiple rocket launcherN/A Iran
 China		107mm.
Fajr-5[156]N/A  Iran333mm.
Falaq-1[157]N/A240mm.
Falaq-2[157]N/A333mm.
Khaibar-1[158]N/A Syria302mm.
Golan-500N/A130mm.
Golan-100025+500mm.[159]

Anti-ship missile systems

Model Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
C-802[64] Anti-ship cruise missile  People's Republic of China (CSS-N-8 Saccade)[160]
Noor Anti-ship cruise missile  Iran 10 systems Delivered between 2009 and 2010.[161]
K-300P Bastion-P / P-800 Yakhont[162][163] Mobile anti-ship and surface-to-surface missile system  Russia 4 systems (SS-C-5 Stooge)
P-5 Pyatyorka Cruise missile  Soviet Union 4 systems (SS-C-1 Sepal)
P-15M/P-22[64] Anti-ship missile  Soviet Union 6 systems (SS-C-3 Styx)

Anti-air guns and systems

Towed anti-aircraft artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
KS-19Anti-aircraft gun100+  Soviet Union
100 mm.
61-KAnti-aircraft gunN/A
37 mm, 2 barrels.
ZPUAnti-aircraft gun1,500+
14.5mm single, twin and quad mount. Also mounted on technicals.
ZU-23-2[164]Anti-aircraft gun650+
23 mm, 2 barrels. Mounted on technicals.
M1939Anti-aircraft gun300+
37 mm. Mounted on technicals.
S-60Anti-aircraft gun880+
57 mm. Mounted on KamAZ-43114.[165] More units supplied by Russia in 2023.

Towed air defence

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
S-75 Dvina (SA-2)Strategic surface-to-air missile system320[166] Soviet Union
 Russia		S-75 Dvina and S-75M Volga obr. 1995 variants.
S-125 Neva/Pechora (SA-3 Pechora + Pechora-2M)148[166] +30 2M[167]
Pechora-2M supplied by Russia in 2013. Additional 2M's delivered in 2023.
S-200 (SA-5)2 defense regiment comprising 2 divisions including 2 batteries S-200 (44 launchers) in service as of 2010 and 2014.[168][169] 3 regiments as of 2023.[170] Soviet UnionS-200VE variant brought from USSR in 1983. Modified by CERS.[171] Command post S-300 can manage in any combination the elements of S-200 and S-300.[172][173][174]

Self-propelled air defence

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZSU-23-4 ShilkaSelf-propelled anti-aircraft gun400[1] (in 2010)

250[2] (in 2020)

  Soviet Union23 mm, often used in urban areas against rebel forces.
ZSU-57-2 Sparka10[1]Most in storage, some units were reactivated during the Syrian Civil War.[64]
2K12 Kub (SA-6)Self-propelled surface-to-air missile system195–200 (As of 2012)[166][175]
9K33 Osa (SA-8)14–60,[1][176] 14 batteries (60 launchers – autonomous war machines)9K33M3 Osa-AK and Osa-AKM variants. Two were captured by Liwa al-Islam.
9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9)20[1]
9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13)30[1]
Buk-M1-2 (SA-11)20[1]
Tor-M1 (SA-15)N/A RussiaModified Tor-M1 "Dezful" variant. Supplied by Iran in 2018.[177]
9K37M2E Buk-M2E (SA-17)Up to 40Observed in use at Al-Mezzah.[178]
9M311-1M Tunguska (SA-19)Self-propelled air-defence system6[179] Soviet Union
S-300 (S-300 SA-20A / SA-20B)Surface-to-air missile system24 S-300PM2[180] Russia49 pieces of equipment were delivered by Russia around October 7, 2018, not confirmed when they will become operational [181]
Pantsir-S1 (SA-22)Self-propelled SAM system57+[182] In 2016, +1RL-123E Early detection radar, +command posts. (+10 Pantsir S-2)[183]
Bavar-373Long Range Mobile SAMN/A Iran Sayyad-4B missile. Delivered in 2022.[184][185]
Khordad-3 Mid- Range Mobile SAM N/A Taer 2 and Sayad missile. Delivered between 2019 and 2022.[184]
Khordad-15 Long Range Mobile SAM N/A Sayyad-3 missile. Delivered in 2023.[184][185]
Mersad Short- to Mid- Range Mobile SAM N/A Shahin missile. Delivered between 2019 and 2021.[184][185]

Electronic warfare systems

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Groza-S Mobile electronic countermeasure system N/A  Belarus Supplied by Belarus in 2018.[186][187]

Missiles

Ballistic missiles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
FROG-7[188]Tactical ballistic missile≈18 mobile launchers[189] Soviet UnionSRBM. Unknown number of missiles.
Scud-B/Hwasong-5[188]Tactical ballistic missile≈42 mobile launchers[189] Soviet Union
 North Korea		SRBM. ≈200 missiles.
OTR-21 Tochka/Hwasong-11[188]Tactical ballistic missile≈12 mobile launchers[189] Soviet Union
 North Korea		SRBM. ≈100 missiles.[189] Russia allegedly sent 50 additional Tochka missiles in February 2017 to Tartus.[190]
Hwasong-6[188]Tactical ballistic missile≈160 missiles[189] North Korea
 Syria
SRBM. North Korean Scud C version produced in Syria.
Hwasong-7[188]Strategic ballistic missileN/A[189] North Korea
 Syria
MRBM. North Korean Scud D version produced in Syria.
Hwasong-9[188]Strategic ballistic missile≈100 missiles[189] North Korea
 Syria		MRBM. North Korean Scud D version produced in Syria.
Maysaloun[188]Tactical ballistic missileN/A[189] SyriaThree versions with different ranges and characteristics.
Fateh-110[188]Tactical ballistic missile900+ missiles[189] Iran
 Syria		SRBM. Local designation M-600 or Tishreen.
Zelzal-2[191]Tactical ballistic missileN/A IranSRBM.
Zelzal-3Tactical ballistic missileN/ASRBM.
Shahab-2Tactical ballistic missileN/ASRBM. At least one used in February 2014.

Cruise missiles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
P-800 OniksSuper-sonic cruise missile N/A RussiaMissile can perform anti-ship role & also can be deployed from land or air.[192]

Command posts

Higher level command posts

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
Senezh-M1E[193]General-purpose self-acting[194] higher level command postN/A[175] Soviet UnionAs an option, with the use of higher level command post, management of all types of air defense systems, the Air Force and all kinds of radar air defense forces. Effective radius of 1,600 km for 77 fired targets[195] May receive data order to send target indication for different systems.[196]
Polyana-D4Upper level command post for air defenceN/A[175] RussiaSupplied by Russia in 2018.[197]

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Non-combat unmanned air vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Tu-143Unmanned aerial vehicleN/A Soviet UnionReconnaissance drone, in service as target drone.[198]
Orlan-10Unmanned aerial vehicleN/A RussiaMedium-range reconnaissance/surveillance drone. Used since 2023.
Ababil-2Kamikaze unmanned aerial vehicleN/A IranMedium-range kamikaze drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since mid 2012.[199]
Ababil-3Unmanned aerial vehicleN/AMedium-range reconnaissance/surveillance and short/medium-range attack drone. Produced under license in Syria.[64]
Mohajer-2Unmanned aerial vehicleN/AReconnaissance drone. Used before the Syrian Civil War.[199]
Mohajer-4Unmanned aerial vehicleN/AReconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2012.[199]
YasirUnmanned aerial vehicleN/AReconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2013.[200]

Combat unmanned air vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Mohajer 6Unmanned combat aerial vehicleN/A IranMultirole ISTAR/combat drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2019.[201]

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Works cited

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