Mbandaka
Provincial capital and city
Ville de Mbandaka
Commercial center of Mbandaka, 2008
Commercial center of Mbandaka, 2008
Mbandaka is located in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mbandaka
Mbandaka
Coordinates: 0°02′52″N 18°15′21″E / 0.04778°N 18.25583°E / 0.04778; 18.25583
Country DR Congo
ProvinceÉquateur Province
Founded1883
City status1958
CommunesMbandaka, Wangata
Government
[1]
 • MayorYves Balo
Area
 • City460 km2 (180 sq mi)
Elevation
370 m (1,210 ft)
Population
 (2015)[2]
 • City1,187,837
 • Density2,600/km2 (6,700/sq mi)
 • Urban
[3]
376,000
Time zoneUTC+1 (West Africa Time)

Mbandaka (pronounced [mbaˈnda.ka], formerly known as Coquilhatville in French, or Coquilhatstad in Dutch) is a city on the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo located near the confluence of the Congo and Ruki rivers. It is the capital of Équateur Province.

The headquarters of the Fourth Naval Region of the Navy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are located in Mbandaka.

Geography

Mbandaka lies on the east bank of the Congo River below the mouth of the Ruki River, a tributary of the Congo. South of the Ngiri Reserve, a large area of swamp forest on the opposite bank of the Congo, it is located at the center of the Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe Ramsar wetland.[4]

Description

Mbandaka is the capital of Équateur province, and located only a few kilometers from the equator. It is home to Mbandaka airport and is linked by riverboat to Kinshasa and Boende.

It is located in a busy travel corridor upriver from the capital, Kinshasa. The latter city of about 10 million is an hour's plane ride away, or a four- to seven-day trip by river barge.

Mbandaka is largely populated by people of the Mongo ethnic group, although people from many different tribes and regions live in the city. The main languages spoken in Mbandaka are Lingala, French, and Mongo.

Years of war and neglect have caused deterioration of the city infrastructure; large areas of the city are without electricity or running water. Most of the streets and avenues of the city are unpaved dirt roads.

History

Bank of the Belgian Congo building

Mbandaka was founded in 1883 by British explorer Henry Morton Stanley, who named it "Équateurville". (At the time the territory was under the personal rule of King Leopold II, king of the Belgians and the official language was French.)

The town hall is about 4 km (2.5 miles) north of the equator. Mbandaka is one of the closest to the equator of any substantial city in the world. Stanley placed a large "Equator Stone" near the riverbank south of the city to mark the point where he believed the equator crossed the river. It remains there today. Due to its symbolic location close to the equator and the Congo River, there were early plans to locate the capital of the Congo Free State in Coquilhatville, as the city was then called, but they never came off the drawing board. These plans included infrastructure for an estimated population of 100,000 people, a train station, a Catholic cathedral, a governor's residence, and a palace for future visits of King Leopold II of the Belgians.[5]

In 1886, at the beginning of colonial rule, the Belgians changed the city's name to "Coquilhatville" naming it after Camille-Aimé Coquilhat.

In 1938, work began on a bridge over the Congo River connecting Coquilhatville with the French Congo (now the Republic of Congo). Work was abandoned on the outbreak of the Second World War, and only the foundations of the bridge pillars remain. In the 1930s, the Government of the Belgian Congo began several projects, including factories and a new city hall.

The city hall was completed in 1947, just after the end of the Second World War. At that time, with a height of 39 m (128 feet), it was the tallest building in the Belgian Congo. A statue of Leopold II was installed on its roof. The city hall was destroyed by a fire in 1963.[6]

After the Belgian Congo gained its independence as the Republic of the Congo, the new government changed the name of this city in 1966 to "Mbandaka" to honour a prominent local leader.

Massacre of Hutus

Near the end of the First Congo War in the late 20th century, hundreds of people (mainly Hutu refugees, women, and children) were massacred here on May 13, 1997.[7][8] Congolese soldiers said the order came from Col. Wilson, head of a brigade of Kabila's troops, and Col. Richard, the brigade's operations chief, both Rwandans. Gen. Gaston Muyango (Congolese) held the title of military commander but had no real power, they said.[9]

Ebola outbreak

On 16 May 2018, a case of Ebola occurred in the city, the disease having spread there from an outbreak in the countryside.[10][11] A new outbreak was reported on 1 June 2020.[12] Three cases were confirmed by the WHO and three cases are probable, of whom four people had died as of June 2, 2020.

Main sights

Catholic Mission station and Central African history research centre of Bamanya

Church of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (MSC) at Bamanya, 2008.

A large research centre for Central African history, originally set up by Fathers Gustaaf Hulstaert and Honoré Vinck, is at the Catholic mission station of Bamanya (Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (MSC)), 10 km (6.2 miles) east of Mbandaka.[13]

Eala Botanical Garden

One of the finest botanical gardens of central Africa is at nearby Eala, about 7 km (4.3 miles) east of the town centre. The Eala Botanical Garden, founded in 1900, contains between 4,000 and 5,000 species. It covers approximately 370 hectares (910 acres) with special collections (125 ha or 310 acres), forest (190 ha or 470 acres), marsh (50 ha or 120 acres) and savanna "Euobe" (7 ha or 17 acres). Because of warfare and social disruption, the garden has been neglected. It is unfenced and subject to illegal logging. The last catalogue of its holdings was published in 1924.

First Habitat for Humanity International housing project

Mbandaka is the home of the world's first project of Habitat for Humanity International. Founder Millard Fuller served as missionary with the Disciples of Christ Church in Mbandaka from 1973 to 1976. The housing project Fuller started in Mbandaka in 1973 became known as the first project of Habitat for Humanity when Fuller founded Habitat upon his return to the United States.

Climate

Mbandaka has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) under the Köppen climate classification. Although precipitation in the city does vary considerably, it does not have a dry season; the driest month is January, averaging around 3.2 inches or 81.3 millimetres of precipitation. The wettest is October with 8.4 inches or 213.4 millimetres. Temperatures are relatively constant throughout the course of the year, with median temperatures ranging from 74.0 to 79.0 °F (23.3 to 26.1 °C).[14]

Climate data for Mbandaka
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31
(88)		 32
(90)		 32
(90)		 32
(89)		 32
(89)		 31
(87)		 30
(86)		 29
(85)		 31
(87)		 31
(87)		 31
(87)		 31
(87)		 31
(88)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25
(77)		 26
(79)		 26
(79)		 26
(78)		 26
(78)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 23
(74)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19
(67)		 20
(68)		 20
(68)		 20
(68)		 20
(68)		 19
(67)		 18
(64)		 18
(64)		 19
(67)		 19
(67)		 19
(67)		 19
(67)		 19
(67)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 81
(3.2)		 100
(4.0)		 150
(6.1)		 140
(5.6)		 130
(5.2)		 120
(4.7)		 99
(3.9)		 110
(4.3)		 210
(8.1)		 210
(8.4)		 200
(7.7)		 120
(4.8)		 1,670
(66)
Source: Weatherbase.com[15]

The city is located at the center of the Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe area, designated a Wetland of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention in 2008.[16]

People

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Equateur : le nouveau maire de la ville de Mbandaka prend ses fonctions" (in French). Agence Congolaise de Presse (ACP). 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  2. ↑ caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-villes/ville-de-mbandaka/?domaine=fiche
  3. ↑ PopulationStat.com
  4. ↑ "CD003 Ngiri". Birdlife International. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
  5. ↑ Le Congo: de la colonisation belge à l'indépendance, Auguste Maurel, page 94-95
  6. ↑ Le Congo : de la colonisation belge à l'indépendance, Auguste Maurel, pp. 153-155
  7. ↑ Jason Stearn (August 26, 2010). "Bombshell UN report leaked: 'Crimes of genocide' against Hutus in Congo". Christian Science Monitor.
  8. ↑ James C. McKinley Jr; Howard W. French (November 14, 1997). "Hidden Horrors: Special Report: Tracing the Guilty Footsteps Along Zaire's Long Trail of Death". New York Times.
  9. ↑ John Pomfret (June 11, 1997). "MASSACRES WERE A WEAPON IN CONGO'S CIVIL WAR". Washington Post.
  10. ↑ Bearak, Max (2018-05-17). "First confirmed urban Ebola case is a 'game changer' in Congo outbreak". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
  11. ↑ "DR Congo Ebola outbreak: WHO in emergency talks as cases spread". BBC.
  12. ↑ "Second Ebola outbreak confirmed in DRC after four people die". Telegraph.
  13. ↑ See: www.aequatoria.be
  14. ↑ "Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Weather→Climate Summary)". weatherbase. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  15. ↑ "Mbandaka, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Weather→Monthly - All Data)". weatherbase. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  16. ↑ "DR Congo Announces World's Largest Protected Wetland". Environment News Service. July 24, 2008. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
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