Eline Vedder
Four people standing on a wooden outdoor stage including a woman wearing a green scarf with her arms crossed in the center
Vedder (center) at a 2021 farmers' protest
Member of the House of Representatives
Assumed office
10 May 2023
Preceded byJaco Geurts
Member of the Provincial Council of Drenthe
In office
28 March 2019 – 30 May 2023
Succeeded bySonja Hilgenga-van Dam
Member of the Municipal Council of De Wolden
In office
29 March 2018 – 25 April 2019
Succeeded byTjalling de Wit
Personal details
Born
Eline C. Monaster

(1979-04-25) 25 April 1979
Dordrecht, Netherlands
Political partyChristian Democratic Appeal
SpouseAlben Vedder
Children2
Alma materUniversity of Twente
Occupation
  • Dairy farmer
  • politician

Eline C. Vedder-Monaster (Dutch pronunciation: [eːˈlinə ˈvɛdər]; born 25 April 1979) is a Dutch dairy farmer and politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). Born in Dordrecht, she studied mechanical engineering and started running a dairy farm in Drenthe with her husband after some years at multinational Unilever.

She joined a protest action in late 2016 after concerns about the future of the agricultural sector. Vedder subsequently started advocating for farmers in the media and joined the Netherlands Agricultural and Horticultural Association (LTO Nederland) as chairwoman of one of its chapter organizations. Vedder coordinated several actions to draw attention to farmers, and she participated in farmers' protests after a nitrogen crisis broke out in 2019 as a result of a legal decision.

Vedder became politically active for the CDA and was elected to the Municipal Council of De Wolden in 2018. She left the body the following year when she won a seat in the Provincial Council of Drenthe due to her preference votes. Her 23rd spot on the CDA's party list in the 2021 general election was not high enough to claim a seat, but she was appointed to the House of Representatives in 2023, when Jaco Geurts stepped down.

Early life and career

Vedder was born on 25 April 1979 in the South Holland city of Dordrecht.[1] She was raised in a Christian family and moved around regularly during her childhood as a result of her father's changing jobs.[2] Vedder studied mechanical engineering at the University of Twente between 1997 and 2005 and served on the boards of the W.S.G. Isaac Newton study association and the DispUIT student association.[3][4][5] She subsequently filled specialist and management roles at the conglomerate Unilever in supply chain, product development, and process improvement including for its ice-cream subsidiary Ben & Jerry's in Hellendoorn.[3][6][7][8] She also lived for some time in The Hague and Mumbai.[9] While at Unilever, Vedder met her future husband Alben, a farmer, and she left the company in 2010 to help him run his dairy farm, which occupies 42 hectares (100 acres) in Ruinerwold in Drenthe. It holds around 80 cows.[3][10][11][12] Besides, Vedder ran a retirement home for horses on their property for a decade, she taught at a center for children with psychosocial disorders and autism, and she restored caravans from the 1960s and 1970s as a hobby.[3][13][14][15] The couple's daughter and son were born in 2009 and 2013, respectively, and Vedder also has a stepdaughter.[2][10][16]

Activism

Initial activism and media appearances

In September 2016, State Secretary for Economic Affairs Martijn van Dam (PvdA) proposed a system of phosphate rights for the livestock farming sector to limit its production through manure.[17] The Netherlands had been exempted from a limit in the European Union's Nitrates Directive on the spreading of nitrogen from manure on farmland. In turn, annual phosphate production was not allowed to exceed 172.9 million kilograms (6.10×109 oz) – the Netherlands' 2002 output. The abolition of a European milk quota in 2015 had led to an increased number of cows and had thus resulted in a violation of the phosphate limit.[18][19][20] It was reported that the Netherlands was therefore at risk of losing its exemption to the Nitrates Directive. In response, dairy farmer Geert Stevens offered his boots to the state secretary in a video, saying a lack of clarity about the exemption would threaten his business. The following day, Van Dam announced that the European Commission had warned that his phosphate rights system would constitute illegal state aid and that the plans would be delayed by a year. Vedder joined Stevens' protest and posted a similar video on Facebook, in which she held Van Dam personally responsible for the farmers' uncertainty; it was watched tens of thousands of times. Stevens and Vedder became the spokespeople of the protest, which received support from the Netherlands Agricultural and Horticultural Association (LTO Nederland). More farmers uploaded videos under the hashtag laarzenactie (boots protest).[17][20] Vedder repeated her concerns at a gathering of approximately a thousand dairy farmers in the IJsselhallen in Zwolle in early November 2016, at which Van Dam explained his policy and considerations.[21][22] Stevens and Vedder later argued in an opinion piece that cooperation was necessary to provide a future for the sector, and they voiced their support for Van Dam's attempts to fight for his plans at the European Commission.[23] The phosphate rights' system was eventually approved after a delay, and the Netherlands kept its exemption to the Nitrates Directive.[18]

Vedder wrote that the agricultural sector was lacking a proper public relations campaign.[24] She started to comment in the media on agricultural issues regularly and participated in the branded content show FoodMakers, broadcast by RTL Nederland.[25][26] When she appeared in election talk show Pauw & Jinek: De Verkiezingen in the run-up to the 2017 general election, she questioned GroenLinks leader Jesse Klaver on the polarization of the issue by leftist parties that she perceived. Vedder referred to their rejection of most agricultural practices except those of organic and sustainable farming and to misleading statements about the sector.[27][25] In an interview, she mentioned that she would vote for the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), having cast her ballot four years earlier on the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).[27] She acknowledged threats to the agricultural sector but also saw possibilities, calling the Netherlands a worldwide leader in new ways of farming.[28] Vedder's frequent media appearances gained her the nickname "media farmer", while newspaper Trouw would later compare her to Caroline van der Plas – the leader of the Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB) – for her agricultural advocacy, while noting that Vedder had started earlier.[25][29]

LTO and continued actions

Vedder was appointed chairwoman of the board of the Southwestern Drenthe chapter of LTO Noord (LTO north) – one of three member organizations of LTO Nederland – when three of its chapters merged in early 2017.[30] Before, she had been serving on the board of one of those chapters, Meppel-De Wolden-West, for a year.[12] Vedder helped organize several actions to draw attention to her cause. In April 2017, she aided a group of farmers who wanted to erect straw man to congratulate King Willem-Alexander on his 50th birthday – as is a tradition in the Netherlands. Vedder found a farmer near the king's residence in Wassenaar, and the final 7-meter-tall (23 ft) statue included a banner saying "Farmers for Orange".[31] When over 100 animal rights activist occupied a farm in Boxtel in 2019, Vedder was one of the initiators of a response: farmers used about 120 tractors to spell out "#doesnormaal!!!" – roughly translating to "get a grip on yourselves" – on a field in Overijssel. Vedder declared that debates about animal welfare are welcomed but that the occupation went too far.[32][33] The same year, Vedder handed a manifesto on behalf of young farmers to European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development Phil Hogan, when he was visiting a CDA event in Nieuw-Namen. The Saeftinghe Manifesto called for trust between farmers and society to be restored and stressed the value of agriculture.[34]

The Council of State decided in May 2019 that the government's program to reduce reactive nitrogen deposition was insufficient, triggering a nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands. This resulted in more uncertainty for the agricultural sector, which was responsible for 46% of the total deposition.[35][36] Vedder participated in subsequent farmers' protests, ahead of which she spoke out against comments by member of parliament Tjeerd de Groot (D66) to halve the number of farm animals in order to solve the crisis.[37] Vedder left her position at LTO Noord around that time due to her election to the Provincial Council of Drenthe, and she joined the board of LTO Nederland's dairy farming working group in September 2019.[38] Due to her position, Vedder was involved in negotiations over an animal welfare covenant for the livestock sector. Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality Piet Adema had initiated the covenant between different stakeholders to circumvent the implementation of a stricter amendment that would require animals to show their natural behavior.[39][40][41] Vedder left the working group upon her appointment to the House of Representatives in May 2023, and the covenant was still not completed as of 2023.[41][42]

Politics

A low-rise office building with a lawn in front and a half-cloudy sky in the background
Seat of the Provincial Council of Drenthe

Vedder first ran for political office in the March 2018 municipal elections in her home municipality of De Wolden. She was placed third on the party list of the CDA and was elected to the council, as her party retained its three seats. A member of the third-biggest party in the eighteen-seat council, Vedder was sworn in on 29 March.[43][44][45] She ran for the Provincial Council of Drenthe in March 2019 provincial elections as the CDA's 18th candidate. The party won five seats, compared to six in the previous election, and Vedder was elected due to her meeting of the preference vote threshold; 1,449 votes were cast for her.[46][47] Vedder declared upon her election that she would be devoted to agriculture and that she believed the pressure on that sector was not always justified. She took her seat on 28 March and simultaneously left the municipal council.[48][49][50] She served as her party's spokesperson for infrastructure, nature, tourism, and mining.[51] In early 2020, Vedder joined calls that there should be a reverse burden of proof for damage to homes as a result of gas and salt extraction. This policy had earlier been enacted for the province of Groningen, where an oil and gas company has to prove damage is not the result of an induced earthquake to avoid having to pay compensation.[52][53] Vedder was highlighted in an article of the newspaper NRC about provincial politicians voting on agricultural issues despite their positions at agricultural advocacy groups – LTO Nederland in her case. It noted this was in violation of the provincial council's code of conduct, although this was disputed by King's Commissioner of Drenthe Jetta Klijnsma.[54][55]

Vedder ran for the House of Representatives in the March 2021 general election as the CDA's 23rd candidate.[25] She was also on the committee that wrote the party's election program.[56] During the campaign, Vedder opposed a meat tax and cuts in the livestock population, and she announced that she wanted to work on sustaining the earning capacity of the agricultural sector.[57][58][59] The CDA's incumbent agricultural spokesperson in the House – Jaco Geurts – indicated his intention to hand over the subject to Vedder, and he encouraged people to vote for her.[25] Vedder had been assisting Geurts as part of the CDA's agriculture expertise network since the start of her activism in 2017.[6][60][61] The party lost four of its nineteen seats in the general election, and Vedder was not elected.[62] She received the seventh highest vote total of the CDA candidates.[63]

Vedder sought a second term in the provincial council in March 2023 elections as the CDA's third candidate. The CDA kept three of its five seats in Drenthe, leading to Vedder's re-election, amid national losses for the party and a major win for the new Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB).[64][65] It was announced on 20 April that Jaco Geurts would leave the House of Representatives to become acting mayor of Maasdriel.[66] Vedder was appointed to succeed him as a result of her spot on the party list in the 2021 election, and she was sworn into the House on 10 May.[67] She vacated her seat in the Provincial Council of Drenthe weeks after.[68] In the House, she became the CDA's spokesperson for mining, gas extraction in Groningen, agriculture, fisheries, water, and environment.[lower-alpha 1][69]

House committee assignments

  • Committee for Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality
  • Committee for Infrastructure and Water Management
  • Committee for Kingdom Relations[1]

Electoral history

Electoral history of Eline Vedder
Year Body Party Pos. Votes Result Ref.
Party seats Individual
2018 De Wolden Municipal Council Christian Democratic Appeal 3 3 Won [43][44]
2019 Provincial Council of Drenthe Christian Democratic Appeal 18 1,449 5 Won[lower-alpha 2] [70]
2021 House of Representatives Christian Democratic Appeal 23 9,377 15 Lost[lower-alpha 3] [25][63]
2022 De Wolden Municipal Council Christian Democratic Appeal 20[lower-alpha 4] 32 3 Lost [71][72]
2023 Provincial Council of Drenthe Christian Democratic Appeal 3 1,390 3 Won [65]
2023 House of Representatives Christian Democratic Appeal 2 19,269 5 Won [73]

Notes

  1. ↑ After only representing its greenhouse horticulture and animal welfare aspects, Vedder became the spokesperson for agriculture a few months after her swearing in.[69]
  2. ↑ Vedder received enough preference votes to be elected despite her party's result.
  3. ↑ Vedder was appointed to the body later during the term due to a vacancy.
  4. ↑ Vedder participated as lijstduwer.

References

  1. 1 2 "Eline Vedder". House of Representatives. 10 May 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  2. 1 2 Sinnema, Leonie; Polman, Hilbrand. "Eline Vedder nummer twee op landelijke CDA-lijst. Een profiel van de succesvolle politica uit De Wolden" [Eline Vedder second on national CDA list. A profile of a successful politician from De Wolden]. Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Biografie, onderwijs en loopbaan van Eline Vedder" [Biography, education, and career of Eline Vedder]. House of Representatives (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  4. ↑ "Former boards". W.S.G. Isaac Newton. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  5. ↑ "Bestuur" [Board]. DispUIT (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  6. 1 2 Vedder, Eline (30 October 2020). "Eline Vedder (CDA): 'Avontuur begon met confrontatie met Van Dam'" [Eline Vedder (CDA): 'Adventure started with confrontation of Van Dam']. Nieuwe Oogst (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Peter Smit. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  7. ↑ Hallema, Tys (13 May 2023). "Fanatieke spreekbuis van platteland Eline Vedder is nodige impuls voor CDA" [Enthusiastic mouthpiece for the countryside Eline Vedder is the impulse the CDA needs]. Nieuwe Oogst (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  8. ↑ Vedder, Eline (March 2021). "Eline Vedder" (PDF). Nieuwsbrief afdeling Noord-Oost Twente (Interview) (in Dutch). LTO Noord. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  9. ↑ Vedder, Eline; Schreijer-Pierik, Annie; Zoet, Harold. Met Boeren kom je verder [Farmers take you further] (in Dutch). CDA Epe. Event occurs at 19:57. Retrieved 27 August 2023 – via Facebook. En ik heb zelf ook trouwens in heel veel steden gewoond: Dordrecht, Den Haag en zelfs in Mumbai [And, by the way, I have lived in many cities too: Dordrecht, The Hague, and even Mumbai]
  10. 1 2 "'Er moet veel meer aandacht komen voor de regio en het platteland'" ['Much more attention should be paid to the region and the countryside']. Cassata (in Dutch). 13 March 2021. RTV Drenthe. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  11. ↑ Vermaas, Mariska (11 May 2023). "Eline Vedder (CDA) wil boeren duidelijkheid en perspectief bieden" [Eline Vedder (CDA) wants to provide clarity and perspective to farmers]. Boerderij (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  12. 1 2 "Eline Vedder en Gerrie Kleene trekken de boerenkar" [Eline Vedder and Gerrie Kleene lead the farmers]. Hoogeveensche Courant (in Dutch). 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  13. ↑ "Welkom" [Welcome]. Paardenrusthuis 't Boerenpad (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2023 – via Wayback Machine.
  14. ↑ Lageschaar, Bas (8 November 2023). "'Ik ben er niet rouwig om dat het kabinet is gevallen'" ['I think it is regretful that the cabinet collapsed']. Akkerwijzer (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  15. ↑ Bontenbal, Henri (29 September 2023). "Boerin én Kamerlid - HENRI De Podcast #3" [Farmer and member of parliament - HENRI De Podcast #3] (Podcast) (in Dutch). CDA. Event occurs at 17:43. Retrieved 17 November 2023 – via YouTube.
  16. ↑ "Eline Vedder-Monaster: Boerin op de barricades" [Eline Vedder-Monaster: Protesting farmer]. De Boerin (in Dutch). Vol. 7. April 2017. p. 12. Retrieved 17 November 2023 – via Issuu.
  17. 1 2 Roos, Tiemen (20 October 2016). "Twitterende boeren: Van Dam, hier heb je onze laarzen!" [Tweeting farmers: Van Dam, here you have our boots!]. Reformatorisch Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  18. 1 2 "Totstandkoming fosfaatrechtenstelsel" [Establishment of the phosphate rights' system]. Government of the Netherlands (in Dutch). 16 November 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  19. ↑ "Derogatie" [Derogation]. Netherlands Enterprise Agency (in Dutch). 6 November 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  20. 1 2 "Boze boeren ruziën met staatssecretaris over fosfaatrechten" [Angry farmers are arguing with the state secretary about phosphate rights]. NOS (in Dutch). 21 October 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  21. ↑ Meijer, Gerald (2 November 1016). "Zoon wil boer worden. 'Kan dat nog wel?'" [Son wants to be a farmer. 'Is that still possible?']. de Stentor (in Dutch). p. 11.
  22. ↑ Braakman, Jan (4 November 2016). "Staatssecretaris Van Dam zegt niets toe, krijgt toch applaus" [State Secretary Van Dam makes no promises, still gets an applause]. Boerderij (in Dutch). Vol. 31, no. 32.
  23. ↑ Stevens, Geert; Vedder, Eline (12 November 2016). "Voor melkveehouder is solidariteit cruciaal" [Solidarity is crucial for the dairy farmer]. Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  24. ↑ Vedder, Eline (20 January 2017). "In het rijtje erfbetreders ontbreken tot nu toe echte mediaexperts" [A real media expert is missing in the line of farmer advisers]. Boerderij (in Dutch). Vol. 31, no. 74.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lammers, Esther (9 May 2023). "Eline Vedder: de 'Caroline' van het CDA" [Eline Vedder: The CDA's 'Caroline']. Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  26. ↑ Buitenhuis, Ronald. "Feelgood-tv over rabarber en bloemkoolmachine" [Feel-good TV about rhubarb and cauliflower machines]. Boerderij (in Dutch). Vol. 102, no. 38.
  27. 1 2 "'Boeren worden onterecht gepolariseerd'" ['Farmers are unjustly being polarized']. Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 6 March 2017. p. 4.
  28. ↑ Van Hofslot, Gerdt (20 September 2018). "De dilemma's van het moderne boerenbestaan" [The dilemmas of modern existence as a farmer]. Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). p. 28.
  29. ↑ Korteweg, Ariejan (9 November 2019). "CDA-congres in ban van boerenprotest" [CDA convention obsessed by farmers' protests]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  30. ↑ "Agrariërs hebben samen meer slagkracht" [Farmers have more strength]. Meppeler Courant (in Dutch). 1 February 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  31. ↑ De Bruin, Aline (22 December 2017). "Groep boeren maakte metershoge stropop voor verjaardag koning" [Group of farmers make meters-tall straw man for the king's birthday]. Reformatorisch Dagblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  32. ↑ "Boeren in Overijssel demonstreren na actie dierenactivisten Boxtel" [Farmers from Overijssel protest after action by animal welfare activists Boxtel]. NOS (in Dutch). 19 May 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  33. ↑ "Boerenactie #doesnormaal maakt veel los: 'Het was geweldig, kippenvel'" [Farmers' protest #doesnormaal sparks a lot of emotions: 'It was great, goosebumps']. de Stentor (in Dutch). 21 May 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  34. ↑ Braakman, Jan (29 April 2019). "CDA: beperk buitenlandse opkoop EU-landbouwgrond" [CDA: Limit foreign acquisitions of EU agricultural lands]. Boerderij (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  35. ↑ "Raad van State: Nederlandse aanpak stikstof deugt niet" [Council of State: Dutch reactive nitrogen approach is inadequate]. NOS (in Dutch). 29 May 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  36. ↑ "Herkomst stikstofdepositie, 2018" [Origins reactive nitrogen deposition, 2018]. Environmental Data Compendium (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  37. ↑ Sinnema, Leonie (1 October 2019). "Daarom gaan wij naar Den Haag" [This is why we are going to The Hague]. Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). p. 1.
  38. ↑ "Boerin Iris Bouwers (26) uit Zuidwolde lobbyt in Brussel" [Farmer Iris Bouwers (26) from Zuidwolde lobbies in Brussels]. RTV Drenthe (in Dutch). 4 September 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  39. ↑ Bloemberg-Van der Hulst, Mariska (10 May 2023). "Eline Vedder: 'Verplicht weiden of verbod op onthoornen kan zomaar'" [Eline Vedder: 'Mandated grazing or ban on dehorning is possible']. Nieuwe Oogst (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  40. ↑ König, Eppo (10 November 2022). "Minister Adema schoffeert de Kamer, vindt de Partij voor de Dieren" [Minister Adema insults the House, according to the Party for the Animals]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  41. 1 2 "Convenant dierwaardige veehouderij" [Animal welfare covenant for livestock farming]. Government of the Netherlands (in Dutch). 2 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  42. ↑ Polman, Hildebrand (27 April 2023). "Eline Vedder uit Ruinerwold kiest voor Den Haag: 'Ik ga Noord-Nederland vertegenwoordigen in Tweede Kamer'" [Eline Vedder from Ruinerwold chooses for The Hague: 'I will represent the Northern Netherlands in the House of Representatives']. Meppeler Courant (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  43. 1 2 "CDA De Wolden zet Brouwer op één" [De Wolden CDA puts Brouwer on top]. Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 16 December 2017. p. 24.
  44. 1 2 "Gemeenteraad 21 maart 2018" [Municipal council 21 March 2018]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  45. ↑ "Vergadering Gemeenteraad 29-03-2018" [Municipal council meeting 29-03-2018]. Municipality of De Wolden (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  46. ↑ Polman, Hilbrand (26 March 2016). "Twee kandidaten wel gekozen, niet op pluche" [Two candidates chosen but will not get a seat]. Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). p. 22.
  47. ↑ "Provinciale Staten 18 maart 2015" [Provincial council 18 March 2015]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  48. ↑ Vedder, Eline (26 March 2019). "Ruinerwoldse boerin Eline Vedder met voorkeurstemmen in Drentse Staten" [Ruinerwold farmer Eline Vedder with preference votes in the Provincial Council of Drenthe]. de Stentor (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Harald Buit. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  49. ↑ "Provinciale Staten (PS) 28 maart 2019 14:00:00, Drents parlement" [Provincial council 28 March 2019 14:00:00, Drenthe parliament]. Provincial Council of Drenthe (in Dutch). 27 May 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  50. ↑ "Vergadering Gemeenteraad 25-04-2019" [Municipal council meeting 25-04-2019]. Municipality of De Wolden (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  51. ↑ "Eline Vedder". CDA Drenthe (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2023 – via Wayback Machine.
  52. ↑ Vedder, Eline (10 February 2020). "Opinie: 'Geef Drenten dezelfde rechten als Groningers!'" [Opinion: 'Provide same rights to people from Drenthe and Groningen!']. Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  53. ↑ "'Omgekeerde bewijslast ook buiten Groningen'" ['Reverse burden of proof outside of Groningen too']. NOS (in Dutch). 30 November 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  54. ↑ Leijten, Jorg; Vermeulen, Stefan (30 June 2022). "Statenleden met landbouwbelangen stemmen mee over stikstofbeleid" [Provincial politicians with agricultural interests are voting on nitrogen policy]. NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  55. ↑ "Jetta Klijnsma: 'Agrarische Statenleden schonden integriteitsregels niet'" [Jetta Klijnsma: 'Agrarian provincial councilors did not violate ethical rules']. RTV Drenthe (in Dutch). 1 July 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  56. ↑ Vermaas, Mariska (27 February 2020). "Schumacher (RFC) schrijft mee aan programma CDA" [Schumacher (RFC) is co-writing the CDA's election program]. Boerderij (in Dutch). Vol. 34, no. 94.
  57. ↑ Smit, Peter (23 February 2021). "Links wil vleestaks, rechts wil er niets van weten" [The left wants a meat tax, the right wants to stay far away]. Nieuwe Oogst (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  58. ↑ Van Hofslot, Gerdt (8 March 2021). "Een kleinere veestapel? Andere vormen van landbouw? Minder of juist meer overheidsbemoeienis? Wat is het eerlijke verhaal over de toekomst van de landbouw? De meningen van de politici lopen uiteen" [A smaller livestock population? Other forms of agriculture? Less or more government involvement? What is the honest story about the future of agriculture? The opinions of politicians are differing]. Dagblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  59. ↑ Geurts, Jaco; Vedder, Eline; De Jong, Cees (11 March 2021). "Opinie: Bal onderweg naar het doel" [Opinion: Ball on its way to the goal]. Akkerwijzer (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  60. ↑ "'Ik hoop op de juiste momenten kennis en boerenverstand in te brengen'" ['I hope to provide knowledge and common sense at the right moments'] (in Dutch). Nieuwe Oogst. 29 June 2019.
  61. ↑ "Eline Vedder". CDA (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  62. ↑ "Definitieve uitslag verkiezingen: VVD 34 zetels, D66 24 en vier nieuwe partijen" [Final election results: VVD 34 seats, D66 24, and four new parties]. RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 26 March 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  63. 1 2 "Tweede Kamer 17 maart 2021" [House of Representatives 17 March 2021]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  64. ↑ Klomp, Stefan (16 March 2023). "BBB haalt 17 zetels en is in Drenthe allergrootste van Nederland" [BBB wins 17 seats and is the largest of the Netherlands in Drenthe]. RTV Drenthe (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  65. 1 2 "Proces-verbaal uitslag verkiezing Provinciale Staten Drenthe 2023" [Records election results Provincial Council of Drenthe 2023] (PDF). Dutch Electoral Council (in Dutch). 27 March 2023. p. 34. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  66. ↑ "Opnieuw verlaat CDA'er Tweede Kamer, Jaco Geurts naar Maasdriel" [Another CDA member leaves the House of Representatives, Jaco Geurts to Maasdriel]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 20 April 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  67. ↑ "Drie Kamerleden beëdigd" [Three House members sworn in]. House of Representatives (Press release) (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  68. ↑ "Provinciale Staten (PS) 30 mei 2023 11:00:00, Drents parlement" [Provincial council 30 May 2023 11:00:00, Drenthe parliament]. [[[Provincial Council of Drenthe]] (in Dutch). 7 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  69. 1 2 "Tweede Kamerleden van het CDA" [Members of the House of Representatives of the CDA]. CDA (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  70. ↑ "Provinciale Staten 20 maart 2019" [Provincial council 20 March 2019]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  71. ↑ "Gemeenteraad 16 maart 2022" [Municipal council 16 March 2022]. Databank Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Dutch Electoral Council. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  72. ↑ "CDA De Wolden stelt kandidatenlijst vast" [De Wolden CDA confirms party list]. CDA De Wolden (Press release) (in Dutch). 8 December 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  73. ↑ "Proces-verbaal van de uitslag van de verkiezing van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal 2023 d.d. 4 december 2023" [Report of the results of the election of the House of Representatives on 4 December 2023] (PDF). Dutch Electoral Council (in Dutch). 4 December 2023. pp. 37–38. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
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