Antiquity and Middle Ages

Elassona was known as Oloosson (Ὀλοοσσών) in antiquity. In the Iliad it was mentioned in Homer's Catalogue of Ships, providing armed contingents that supported the Greek side in the Trojan War.^[3]

In the early Byzantine period it was known as Lossonos, and was one of the sites refortified under Justinian I (r. 527–565).^[2] the modern name first appears in the writings of the 12th-century scholar and archbishop Eustathius of Thessalonica, who considered it "barbaric".^[2] At the turn of the 14th century, the Panagia Olympiotissa Monastery was founded on the hilltop citadel.^[2] In 1304, Guy II de la Roche, Duke of Athens, passed through during a campaign against the Despotate of Epirus.^[2]

Following the death of Stephen Gabrielopoulos in 1333, Elassona was one of the Thessalian towns (along with Stagoi, Trikala, Damasis, and Fanari) that for a short while fell under the rule of the Epirote ruler John II Orsini (r. 1323–1335).^[2] Under Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328–1341), privileges were granted to the Olympiotissa monastery, and the town became the seat of an archbishopric, a status it retained into the Ottoman period.^[2]

Ottoman Era

Monument of the Greek revolutionary fighter Nikotsaras

The Ottoman tax registry of 1521 counted 311 Christian and 35 Muslim households in Elassona.^[4] In the Ottoman tahrir defter of 1544, the town included Selanik Yörüks,^[5] who had military obligations that required them to give five soldiers (eşküncü) and 20 assistants (yamaks) per household (ocak).^[6] During the Ottoman period devshirme was practiced in the area and janissaries were recruited from Elassona (Alasonya^[7] in Ottoman Turkish) as shown in an Ottoman register of 1603–1604.^[8] Some Christians of Elassona also rebelled in 1821 under the armatole captain of Elassona. However, in less than a year they asked for amnesty under the same captain and stated that the reaya of some other localities are about to follow suit and were granted amnesty. The Ottomans declared in February 1822 that if the rebellious reaya beg for pardon, their appeal were to be accepted, so long as they meet the specified conditions.^[9]

In the 1881–1893 census of the Ottoman Empire, the kaza of Elassona had a total population of 26,855; consisting of 24,631 Greek Orthodox, 2,188 Muslims, 15 Jews, one Armenian, and 20 foreign citizens.^[10] Unlike the rest of Thessaly, which was annexed by Greece in 1881, Elassona remained part of the Ottoman Empire until 1912, when it joined Greece (along with Crete, Macedonia and Epirus) following its victory in the Balkan Wars.

Subdivisions

The municipal unit of Elassona is divided into the following communities:^[11]

• Elassona (Elassona, Agioneri, Aetorrachi, Mikro Eleftherochori)
• Drymos
• Evangelismos
• Galanovrysi
• Kefalovryso
• Palaiokastro
• Stefanovouno (Stefanovouno, Lefki)
• Valanida (Valanida, Kleisoura)
• Kranea

Municipal changes

Until March 15, 2006, Tsaritsani was part of the municipality (now municipal unit) of Elassona and functioned as a municipal district. Under the law 3448/15-3-2006, Tsaritsani got separated from the municipality and declared a commune. The loss of its population and land leaves the remaining municipality with an adjusted 2001 census population of 12,056 and a land area of 291.097 km².